ENGINEERING ACADEMY

oin and Become Futuri Engheer

ENGINEERING ACADEMY

JUNIOR ENGINEER

POWER ELECTRONICS

ENGLISH

Hand Written Notes

Classes Taken By -
RK Raman
 Pithuwala Dehracum
near Govemment polytechnic
Centre-Pithuwala
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Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypass roadwww.engineeringacademy.co.in
Class Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
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LACADEMMY

1ii. Lomg JHe and. uss maintmamd

response AING
Fast dymamic
Atight pUN
V Small sizs omd iss

DISADVAN TAGE OF PoLJER ELECTRONTCS

Harrvonics
i1 Lo pooer tacor
Low oveJoad capaity Mehy Power
Sousu

Condral Digita Pouae r elahon Load

ciruit -ic Cruit
Comomd

AING Pedback siana

(o.oUN

GLOCK DTACRAM OF ATYPTCAL ruwcR ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

POWER ELE CTRONTCS DEVTCES*

Power diode

i Pouer thyristor
.DU
il scA (Silicm condallud Radifiar)
iv CTo (Gate Jurn of hyristor)
y MCT(mos emrollud thgristor)
vi RCT (Reverse cmducting
+huristas)
'vil TRTAC
Vi DIAC.
ix LAScR
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POWER DTODE #
Sigmal diods DDUN))
ON K-FD
OFF
VBR
v
Raverse ar
Cut in vallags
Jeakag hershald voltags
Cummt
Cuutin Volka tr
cumnt Mous duu do
reverse Jikaga o3V
Si 0 1V
minority char camirs
Sigmal valtags should mot greader dhen opeliad volta
VsR
Peak inver se voltags. in Sigma diods ING
PTv va D.DUN

POWEA DIODE. hoving 3 layer

**

huavily dopad
Jightly dopad
drif Tegim - is uSed for imcresing tYSe
valtage bouking capakility
K
dighkly at ON State VA-Vk (Vax) minimum lo)
dopee maximum T)
OFF Stade VA-Vk VeK) =-Vs (mas)
ip.DUN
IA 0 (inimam)
The highur th Shickmess of dhe drilt regign
dha power diocs's blockin capability toill incredse

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Pouoer Diods
VI Chaa cteristics of
r*gion
Du do dhe dritd
, volkags
of th dioda
VsainKv A+ cto shich
K- drop mcreases dus
VaA dh has more
pouoer oiodu
VAK dthan tha intenma' pour
ING doss amd dka huat
A D.DUN increase

*
acks to absorb ha hua
Haat Simk + Hiat smk reduu
pmarate d in ths powes diods omd
pouser oliods
tha huat ot the
is usualy mada, of aumimum
RN
p.DuN
Diode
V-T Chara dterishics ot. Tdal
ON
K-
D,DUN VOR VaK
Teverse
uakage
Currert =WTO
Merito Idaal.diods
i Tmterma pooer doss is uTO
it Cu in Valtage ro
ie At ON- stode Voltage drop is coo.
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Revers Juakagi CTent is uro
v Revexsa break dom qmaraded at iminite
vi Tum. time omd turm off Hme are tro.
oN
vi Soitching trequang is uro. Na
vil T idsal dioda switehia PoLoeT is uroo.bUN
DTODE 'S TURN -OFF CHARACTE 3 TTCS+
AT
PoiwER

SR Reverse ecoery charg

R Peak reverse cu

T Teverse coveS
a57. of Tam ime
Aeyersal of dildt

D.DUN
trr a +t
Vaxt Omd TRM= ta i|d
s=1] lSaf recovery dioda)

Sofknuss tador
ONStae) OFF (stade)
D.DUN

VaK = 0

Jhunecovery is smooth hun S Soft recovery)

a ta is dhe dtime do Temove dh axuss carier
indha diplation dayer
&b is dh dtim do remove tha exuss carier
im dha outeruayer
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amd 44 ta
D.DUNg

fast vecovery
s44 reverse recovery dime ths
potwer

NOTE Dusimg dhe

short circut omd is
diods buhaves Jik a volkaga omd reverse
mot ableoreverse stop ha ou do whi'ch
dhe cuTent
Starts do dhe diods
ING cess cny um off do
destroyed-
D.DUN

to preyent JA from being

ACCoRDINCG To REC OVERYY

TYeES OF PowER DIODES
REVERSE TIME +
Ceneral Purpose dioda
UN
i Fast Recovery diods
Schot diods
ii
General furpose DiodsFast Racovery dioda Schottky Diodle
JMsec 5ksee r= fed nno sec
dt 25
Valtags Tatmg= 5ov Voltaga Rating Curemt rating = iamp
to KValk SoV to 3 Kv o ooamp

Cuontrading= Cuent ramg= Reverse Voltage sthrng

amp to lro A gp to Louo A oro Valt

used im douo- dc-dic amd This dioda is

used in
Spetd applicahon dc- ac cowrhr mada from thu
cirut junchion of sei c
uses
iDatry Charga usESN SMPs - du crr material
n)ela cdro eIaHng imduction huating amd wiural
it UPs e 1ii
19 inverse
imverse choppers USES
chopetrs S Ms
T Hih frequwm
A
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NOTE
2R2
di
J
UN
.
Pouoes diods is comacted m series to imcrease
reverse bloeking Copauties in high Vodkagr cpplical
-ions.
tor imerease Curent Caring copabiutes poRr
diods comact in paralld.
!D.bUA .
.

SympoLSOF PowER SEMTCONDUCTOR DEVICES

Diods A

2 THYRIS TOR
A SCR A K

8 LASCA K

C AIAC - MT

DIAC
MT
MT

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ngacademyddng GINE
ACADEMY ADE

.CTO
.E D.SUNS

MCT

K
MTO
turn -om gare

PowER TRANSISTORS
3

NPN 0JT

**
B MoSFET J
-n- chanel)

c .TABT

ING
D.DUN
 polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradum
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STLTCON CONTROLLED AECTIFTER SCRL

ustd
Thyristar is callad scA, because ctha silicon is
m its comstrutkion omd iks procass is contralad
as a reckifier.
unidlireciona davica DUN
scR is a

SCR is a sewi conduclor

dawica gonsisting ot a
Pour Jayr three jumchom
dhru derminad
Omd
N valtage mating of scR loKv
curmt ratng*
* Rms 3oooA
K
* Uppar operating treaum
4 KHz
(D.DUN)
3oMmw
Pouer-hamdling capacity

0TASTNG IN SCR
FORuOAD 8TASTNG+ Tn dhis jumchiom iamd i3 is
in foruord bias oamd h in
reverse biag So im Jhis comdition only Jo
Juakak. urent K

o.DUNE

REVEASE GTASTNG+ Tn this junchom 4ds in

Yeverse bias omd jumchon i
m torsord
bias, So dhad in
this state mo CuTent oo
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SCK D.DUN
CHARACTE RTsTres OF
V-T ondihby
LOAD fotard
mod Con-ta

LatehingATt
Holdig

+Va
Vso-torword ***

breakdown Voltag A reveTs

ockin
moda

reverse torwordd
DDN Voltaga volkoga

SCR
Hure hreu state of vr-characteristics of
FoRLJORD GLOCKTNC moDE:Tm is ,the amods
1 .
Qathods volkagi is gradually increase
di,J3 in
by off ths gade cathode votags omd the
the forisard. boise amd.dhe J reverse bias,low
dhrough th Lit i is callsd dhe
Curat Slou foroord uakaga
cut, om ahotoing. th
Ponoord blocking moda
ED.DUN
to SCR hawma Rgh
impedomu
amd wmk as opem
switch.
2 FORWARD CONDUCTTON MoDE
Whun anod cadhod
Vatage (E) ,
bicom break doum voltage hom eaies
a da
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analameha breakcloon baaoma om ScRturm OFF stae

to ON state .
acrsos SCR valkaga becom verg. Jlow omd
Nos
curont toco imerease (NK Irepresent toruoard conduch
mods Fn this state veltag drop across ScR
aroUnd i to 2 valt
Valtagin, this uncion T2 becoma breakdown
callad break oves valtaga IVa. Tn dhis cmdition
SCR pork as a close Soitch.
NOTE+.No if VBo is Teduad, even than it
.DUN
i mot be fstate bd toid
Conodition RING
be ON D.DUN

REVERSE BLOCKTNG MoDE T dha megative valtag

is given relahive to tha
omed-cathod by off dhe Es, hm in dhis cmditie
tha reverse deakast curemt fJosing in mii
Campart or CTO ampere (mA or 4A).
uagaive vattoga imcrease, Jhn in
bs cndihion th jumution J ,B geks the
ING avalamh breakdoon itshich is callkd
DUN dhe Teverse ak do vodkag md dicde
LsCA dystroy. parmamartaly A0 stade rprtsen
.
SCR rk as opim ciruit in both
Comditions,toruard camdition md reverse
Ccndtiom.
Ader awalamch breakdon Curent becom Ver
high and yolkagz bccoma Jpuo

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SCK md F 67LaTO
TRTGGERTNG METHOD OF NG+
VoL TAGE TRIGGEREN over valtoas
FORJARD rewerse break VBRVoo
equal d blockjg
Veo omod Vaa almast veverse
breakdoon
Ater audanch finished: Noo omy
jumchion Jz is
ofF when
ca
Vo redua
of
them SCR tum
decrease its
x valu. ERINA

omocdu cumrk valu n.DuS

T is a best method f
Ccade Triggeimg
SCR riggerg úks valku
ScR coil rigger m
he Voltage that gotu CuWent
ING4 clapamds on th
valua ot m
kapt bekoeon 20 to,260
Cate cuent
ED.DUN
is
Va
+Tat
Vgo

lg =o
VoR

VV2 +Va
Reverse Veo
- Jaakaga& torward
CuTUn
Juoka
Cument
AING Chacte Curren*
Vs D.DUN
VV,

LATCHTNG CURRE NT (IE Th aimimum Vauu ot

awNod cuemd,ahich is
me ca sSay odhe thyristos do majntaim om th
stade, hik i tha 8a sigmal is removed
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HOLDI NG cURRENT (TH) The minimum valuu ot

Omods 'curint had" is nucassart

do maimtam th. thurist* in m -stade T is

ags; dass dthon the jlatching Curent.

DDUN
Notc+ TH&T I25IH
0
RING
oD.DUN

THlated to dtum off procuss Omd relakd

tum oN prouss.
.
valuu of holdimg cumed is 2»A
Question An SCR
shan find th valu of dat ching curnt
Solushion+ Lareng Cumewt
:25
holdlimg cumerd

So datchimg curen= 2.5 Xholding cumnd

TL 2 XTy.

D.DUN
LTL Samp

Tumhon oork as capautor

3) rlagering *
Omo chargiva um ti)

Jo
d c) -c +Va
C- Cmsta

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ob:08449597I23,0 a
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ot gkk.
TRIcGEATNG Tdhe intemsity
CTtanm vai.
ERMAL increases to ". dkakau
increase 5: toroard
increase of huat
his
Causing sCR
dto um oN
Cunt,
THYRISTOK
CHARCTERIS TICS OF
OITCHTNG
CHARATERTSTICS AT THE TTME
oFORN ON
SUTCHTNG ( ON posi tiny
Tmamsihion timeK .Jast psihon
Ao dhe
*hgristay
rom dh foroard blockpositiom to d
thyristor tum on dime T* is dividd
is called.
+
thru. iwervals
int dime
i.Dday lta)
D.DUN
Rise hime
Tity Spreàel dimee

i DELAY
TIME|ta) daay ime td js masure
Arom dh mstad, at shich gade

Curemt riai's 0:9 T o tha instomd atshich

DUN amocs cured eaches O1Ta

NoTEDilay iL cm begeducd by . hugh gate

Cureit
ii RTSE TIME Tu die i widh Omodt CuTeM
.' becomatrom O1Ta to 04TA Called Rise
Tum on doss is. caused by high omoda vorag
n. thypiotor dung th rise
.
tin9
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ii SPREAD TIME Ide)Tha ime in shich amoda curo

CoY do Ta. tram"0H0 Ta called
spread dima.
Valtag Va

- 9ade puuse

Anode Voltoge Va amd

gadte curTeT ag
A O.qVa
T ONsoe
01Vaa Vo
dregage
-q
omeda cum Load
re***Powe
verse
valtar du
ciruit
to
lamoda
Cum Rucoverg
begins dol
dacrease -recombrmation

Sted aNO
stade D.DUN
operahion
dton

dime, in micosecond

thgristor voltage amd curent tsawetam durng. dum-oN

Omd umol¥ procA SSes
D.bUN

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DURING TURN
OFF
TERTSTICS
CHARACT
8UTTCHING
meons dhat has chamg
ui. of
:
Thyrister
Capabls ot blocking h
on o off state omd.
is
foroard voltaga dhyristr 1s da i
Tke um -of Ha d ofa omoda Cumt
instamt
as dhe dhim beloeim thi Hime ds divisded nh
ATOthe dum off
becom
.reverse recover dme tr omd
00 tervals;,.
gate re coverg im ar RING

D
aING
DUN
t darArovidtd D.DUN

tum t ciruut
th dhyristorb t cirut iscaUed
turn o imi|t«)

Slo. durm öff dime. in thyris tor S0- lodu Secon

Comverte* grads SCR

Fast um off dime in hyristar (3-So JUSecmd)

yerter 8read SCR

THYRISTOR CATE CHARACTERISTICS +

TKis characteristies is draa. oetoeen DC valuu

positive gae vattaga (Va"amd fsitive ga
Curent ) where Es gade souu vald aga
Es-V+R
ING
= gaie cahods voltas
D:DUN
a.gade cathode cut
Rs As = Souru resistama
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wwwj www.t

DN avrage =
poLes doss VgTg

MODEL OF A THYRTS TOR

TwO TRANSTSTOR INO
iD.DUN

TR TTe
N
TR N

Basic Strockar Eauivalond ciruit

in trensistorTe: dI +Tcqo
in TA Ic d Ta +csos
in TAL Tc dTk + Tcso2
Omd T T+Tc
.
T T + Tcao, + aIk+ TcOo2
RING

iD.oUNB

omdk Ta+
Ta d +Too t da lT, +Tg) +Tcsoz
TA lTA+ Tcso+ daTa * daTg +Jcooz
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Co +) = aa Ig +Tgo,tcso2
-T - «-*) = t Tootkso
(4 dT
ag + Too +Teoo
Ta -ottda)
i T dhan Iat
THYATSTOR RATTNG+
VOLTAGE RATING+ Peak TepeHHive
rewers
iANODE (VRRm)
tactor (Vt)=- Valta
Voltage Safety ViX rms valuu o
inpuc voltags

Voldage Safety tacor is usually daken tram d3.

VRRM The valtage uhich is dhe rverse valtag

On dhe thyistor Jhat blocks it.

i CURRENT RATTNCG

shen Cue recemgular wawe shapA it

camduchm
anmgla 180
X 360"
NG
D.DUN

iii sURGE"CURRENT RATING+ Sunge Curerd is considd

dapunds omSuPpy
simoowe
reaumey
r So 6o Hz, shich

stIT kre Ts- Subyda Sur

tor So
T T T -ycle surge curt
Ona
a,
T dimm far one hat cyus o
3ppa teauumeg
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vI' rating
aHng - [rms vaue ot ons yea of'
surga umd
T x ime tor ora da

is used in dha sluuhion of thyaisto

Thi's raing
Fuse

V Taina* Tis raing of a thyristos indicadtes

dhe maimum rate ot rise of cumnd
Arom amods o cathode without amy hanm o
davica

In half cyel Surg cumnt

SCA a so Hz
Austin ont -yc sur
Tatng oo amp nd te
Cument rahing omd It aing
NO
TT Is CDiNI

T I = 3odox 3000
2
3oro X o707 2121 32
T 9121-32 Ame
for It rang T**
io.DUN 2
I 45goo A
Sec|
So in sCR OnL cycla surae cumd raing = 2121 32
Ond Trating = 4SoDo Asec
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A
PROTECTTON
THYATSTOR
rise
oot amoo4
amoedi Cum
Proteckon IP he mte of Compartd o dh
i d darga as
tis
velociy ot axriers
spat uill l Jocal ho*
spread covmadion om accouud of
formed mear the
gale may
docalised huairg
high Curend dansity. This dhs rade o* rise of
thyristos Thurefove, Must be
dustroy dh durn am
cument at dhe dime of
Gnoda
specitied Jiiting valus The val
kapt kdoo dha
belouo accaptable
mainteinnd
ofdild4 Cam be imducor, n se Ties ith
Jamit by using a small
cirut
NGdha amodu dildd imjt valuu ot SCR are 20-5»A
ypica

canhrallalle operaion of
Protediom+ For.
i adt
dh dthyristor, the rate drise
offovwaid amods do cathod veltaga dv/ldt
be kap blois th Speifiedraded imit.
ust
Typical valuus ot dVldt are 20-500 V[u sec.
lse durm-on of a thyristor ba darge dul d
Com be prevented by usina Smubber circut in
paraltd with h david
Snubber Circuit A Saubber circuit consists o*
a series combimation
As Omd capautoma o.resistod
s im parald oith thi
thyristor
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Rs s
.disihangira cwmen

icD.DUN

Vs-Rs+ R) u+ L di

shreis dampina tachor ids vals abod 0-65.

OVER VOLTAGE PROTECT TON dauia
Peak imverse vallaae of
Valta šaftey tactor Vs Peak opplied voltaga o cavic

Volta sathy tador wil be -S to Q.5

Tka efect of overvettaga is minimised b

usira RC ciruits omd mon diniar vesistrs callue
valtage- elampmg davia

v Over Current Pro techion+ T a hyristor is subja

do over Curet du do taults sht uruud
or surg curevds ids demperadure may xud
dh
Yaded valu omd dh davia mag be damagch
for over cuTnt protechion Lwe us
cir cuit breakurs md tast-atig fuse
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be
ade cisuuit should also
VCate Arotechion overvaltag and
Proteced againest
Protection, gainest over valkag ahlend
over curet across he gake
dioek 0)
bgcomectiong a uner im 'serics with t
A registor R2 camacted
CiTCit overCuremts.
provids protechon against
8ate cirauit
L

c
SCR

ww

HEATING,CooLTNG AND MoUNTING OF THYRTSTOR +

THERMAL QUANTTTIES ELECTRICA BUANTI TES

HiatJov Ws *Chasge, Cor As

temperature ditferena,'c Potenhad dif¥erena, v

*Thenmal Poser, or rate of *Curet, or rate of chem

huat ramsfer, W
tromsferA
thermal resistamu,</u
Eluurical resistomu,VIA or oh
THERMAL RESTSTANCE
e
Pouoerdoss favlat)
Jonperacure beoeam 1 point
Tic omd Tt
ad E]
-2 N
Pau
°cw. UN3
ENGINEERING
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for Junior Fnn
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Hiat shk
dlosss
Poer

ww w
Awbiet

T
ww. W W-
Bcs sA
jc
juncian do thyris tos oase hrmal resistamu
:

ees
dhyris to do huat sink case thenmal nsistoma
huat sink do ambiend case. Jhermal resistamu Bsa

junuhon temprradure T , Case temperadure Te

shi temperature > T, Ambiem temp TA

- .TT
ING
oD.DUN
Pav -T ecs sA jA

ejc* Ges *EsA

SERTES AND PARALEL OPE RATION OF THYATSTOR

For high Voltaga SCR Comaced im series

For high Current SCR comded in parallel
Fr sesiese 0 parallel comaced ScRs it should
be bnsured dhod eah SCR ralting is fulk uiliud
Cmd dhe system operation .is sats factary
String elficiamey ot SCA s comu cted in seris/ **

Parall is definad as.

ENGINEERING
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Mob08449597123,09411340612 We w
.co.in. D
ENGINEERING Ces Karanpt;
LACADEMY
tihate 8h
shrin
Sthring eflicieney leuront irading of he oa ScR
actual valaga
valtags/curre rating ot
Lindividual Mo of cRs in dhe srh

Dee = d -
ns eicieney
s4zing
L ahsays
(Ns) D.DUN

SERTES OPERATTON
V+V2
2V
TH

PARALLEL OPERATTON*
I+T
2

D.DUN

ustian aNailabh
SCRs oith a raling of lovo V amd 200A an
do be used in a
6KV
stsing to homd
amd ikA Calculote dhe mumber
paTallel uwts Teauirtd of sevies ad
in case devatng facar is
Cd) o amd l) o-2
Amseer (a) derahrg. fator ,DAF
= efficien
6oo0
i-stria
pX 200
Mo of series eomieted
ENGINEERING
SCRs
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[email protected]
AGADEMY- E-mail:[email protected]

s 60od
lcoo X O.9 66 T

mo. o parallel - Comedkd ScRs

D.DUN13
= S.5 6

As above, mo. of series comuted s CRs

s 6ODO_

Paralil covmeced scRs;

= 6-25
D.DUN

OTHER MEMBERS OF THYAISTOR FATLY

1TDTAC T is a bidiretioal thyristr diods
+Ia somA

Na
+o3

MT MT
charaderistHes
in diac gade dermimal no aJalabla
EERIN
Gpplicahion of DIAC
* D.DUN

i Phase Covmtrad ciruuit

ii iversal motor spead cmtral
iit Jight contral dr triaur co TAIAC
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ENGINEERING Class ConireeriuM

ACADEMY
bidiregHonal dauica
I is a SJayers
TRIAC Tts
amoce is riasered witm posivHue,
pulse
gae dtmggu Tecd urh Hle Eva)
gaive pulsé annd ON STATE
SeR i comduuh
MT (tUe)

OFFSTAE
MTLI

MT
ScA
ON STATE
MT
(nyahe)

T.
MT,
C
DDUN

Applicatiam ot TRIACcontrollud
+
AC Power
1
fox ught emhroli
For motor spac Cm
ni Tedua. îwtephion
iv For
adio
DISADVANTAGE
Ts use is Jited do: Yoohz Ac supplu

STLTCON
i CONTROLLED
STTCH LScs) T hawing
4dermimal Tt s opraed in Joo volha
han $cA hawia do akaga amd do
hodldsmg curew
Compair do ScR RING
CSS hawrg DDUN
2 gale
3NGINEBRLINU ww
uwasa
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineeringacademy.co.m
ACADEMY E-mailkengineeringacademyddn@gnailco

OFF ulse)
ON Pulse
-Va
ON (Pulse
)

NG
D.DUN

Appli cahon (USes)+ ), timig dogie amd rigsera ck

Valtagu semsors
ii in osciladors
iv Pulse geverados

CTO GATE TURN OFF THYATS TDR9

CTo is a pn pn olvice whoa tum through

oN
pesitive gate curent turn oFF thTough mgative
gate cuTrem

RING
DUR

K
K

INEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

CADEMY
 ENGINEBRING Karanpur HO 340612 Web: www.cngncesp
Class Centre-Pithuwala|
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ACADEMY
Toz
Te
D.oUN
TA-
bg kcL
Se
Te- Ig'-Ts2
Ta To2 -Ic- ata -T'g
Ta Tei+e2
Ta-Ici (I-a,) Ia
=
Te
aING

DUN

COLD-DOPED (GTo) ANODE SHDR TED CCTo)

More oM-state volt ags Loo ON Stae Valtage do-

drop
iiy Hah Teverse valkagu ii Low Teversc - valkaga
blocking copability iocking capability
Ti Suitable for high- i} Suitabla Por Jo4
treauamay operaion reayun es OpiTahon

USES OF GTO i) high- pest'ermama devics system

i ieldariunttd ombral schme usedl în olling
-

mills Tobotic amd machu. tols

i adjustabl frequmey imwerkir drives
-

v CTo Loith rahng up to Sovo V amd JooA

are analahle
D.DUNI

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior

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UNTJUNCTION TRAN STSTOR (UJT)

A UJT is a spaial ype o tromsists I having

only jumchiom

Ro
P-y Ror

VAB Vas x Rss= BRor

Ro+ Ro Rot Ro2 XVos7 Vos

this rao .is.allhd stomd off aio

AaRo VAG- Vss shmE)
Pradical valus of huouno 51 t o42
Ve
Cut o NC
Tgion --Ve vesistasa -Saurahion D.DUN
Peok
Valley Paint
Ve Vob

ING
D.DUN

So TemA)
TEoAA
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Appli cation of UTT *
Phase comhral
RING
it Scoitchimg
ifi Pulse gemaraion
iv sme Lave gnerhion
V Sau tooth gunTahion
vihimina emuut
V}vatage ar. Cunmnt

UTT Pint
of UTT dhe emitter volta4
dke plak point
iAd
is gvetrom nvoa+o
ii Th valui o¥ waximun eharging Tsistoma
Telated do ptak point.
ilWhen SCA triggex ba urT dhon sas dooth is
of Valtage ecived by UTT ciruit
iv whm SCR trigger through T, tken a fx
Valkag recwed umer
diadu amd fry not
v}
V AUT (-ve) resistama Tegim bitun
Peak poit and valy Pon
D.DUN
UTT 0SCILLATOR TRICGERTNG
*
V Voo +Vo Vpe/Ac4 Ves i- TRC
Vp = Vv=0 =
Omd i-e"kc)
aNG
D.DUN
T RC
in
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ACADEMY_
THYRTSTOR ComMUTATTON TECHNIAUES

CLASS A COMMUTATION (LOAD commU TATION)

aING
3D.DUN

Comu Jrahion dkt:

Vs
Load Ta LI

sint
D.DUN

CommUTATION Reconon -Puse commuct aiom)+

*CLASs

TD
T LOAD

assum thad a starting" T-o ,T is' ON To is constm

C Ve=Vs) amd TA is oFF

a To Ta is ON do durn oN OFFT
Ymaxriwum curen* across hyristor Tn doad curot t
maximun cum
***
across cxidara thyristor |lema Vc

Tcic wax sm w
NC
eVsSinat D.DUN

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.
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LHSS C CoMMUTATTON omplememry cammuctatiom)*

0.bUNa)
Ra

TH +VT -Ve
maximu curent Tu.

T Jhidc

in

maximum curen in z dtmas)-V+2

CLASS D comUTATION. impulse Commutaion)

Curn in main theyris tos

Tm Io+Tc
JA

D L TT To+Vs sinut
waximum Cure in maim thgris toa
T x) - To +Vs
in Ouridary. dhyristo Tta-VsE simt
Maximum curnt în axidary thyristor
TTalmar) Vg aING
D.DUN DE

ENGINEERING
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TNVEATERS

Fixed Dcc- Varibla AC

VOLTAGE SOURCE INUERTERS (VST * VsI cowerts

dc imput valtaga into squre aawe
aac
Cms tot
oulput voltagt
Tmverter
-half sridaz vadtage SouraTnverter
ii 1- l-bridgs valkag Soura
iti 3-. voltage Soura Inveres aING
D.DUN

i Singu Phase Half Bri dge Tnverter

Vo AD
t -6le-T

DDUN

R,L omd C im a case Vokaga Louwe tors

remom s the samMe
tor Rasistive lA); Di omd Ds mo+ necesse ry

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ACADEMY
EA-33
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 MoU
LACADEMY Bmailcn
ANALYSTNC
ACcoRDTNG FoURTER AC
NVERTER OUTPUT VOLTACE
o* Volt
Vo 4sla 8in
vsl
Vo = 2
,3,,.
ínut +
.
+ sinid + sino
V [smas
sin ut o.DUN

tmdamamdtal Rms Lm=1)

= 045

Voi)ms 0-45 Vs

Distorion facdar g Voj

Vsla R
= 2X 0-y5 0.qo

Total
L O4o
hamoni distortion ITo+ -
D.DUNH

o.23u56 48.34u/
THD = 48 34 }

for B doad + Ton 2Vs siviod

mth harmoie curent ooe form
ENGINEERING .
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ACADEMY

-Fu bridga lmverter

A
S
4 LOADH D.DUN3
Dy

J
O ad te ima of
Tesis tHye daad
T ON

VVs
Vo Vsj
T,Ty ON
TT Vo=-Vs
-Vs
for R Joad
To Ioz-Vslk
aINa
.ou
Vo
gsn miod

[sim ut ain3at+sinStot+ ---]

Vo-
Vs
D.DUN Von- sin mud Von)ms = 22
m
T
49.347
ar R load ToN VoN 4s sin nut
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junlor Engineer
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* Haf bridga Invertar* induchive doad

torpure
Vs
* k ON
Nst
T T .D,

Vsl
for R oad
Vs- Ri+ L
Vo
Vs2 Vs/L RlJaad) doops Vo by

T ON (P->t)
T T
sPuloodL stares
Dc)

9 ON -)
Podd Psour rn hap
Ac) LDe Aul bak
diode uo

TON , Va + v
sourd

Undir oaped
Case
TaoN Vo-Vo*
D2- oN J
irit um oft dim tsat = = dom X=AL
aING
ED.bUN

to uan of lmverter [Aed

see)
ENGINEERING
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haPbrldgsll bridy
T T
DD ANG
(D.DUNi

LOAD OVER DAMPED

RLC

tor ndr damped case -dan'

comwukahian
tacdina amgu shen te dta, thm torad
ifrequsled
Vo
M=1,3,5...

Von Simmua
m -¢n)
Tom Ym on 2s
nn }zl
sim (mut

tXn-Xen)
tot full Loanebrldg ZnR+
shur XLn naL
Von Sin mu nth. harnanic induhive
Teacomu
cn
Ton4
**
MTZn)
Sin (not-on)
mih. harmaic capaitive
Teattamu
D.DUN
VR4 n-len
dn= dtaw Xun-Xn_
R
4nth harmomic dis plau

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A

Valkaga Sousa Tverter *

*3- bUN
R

- tVe go
A Ds

AD - (-u gro)

star
Comicted
Uoad

TuyTs,T
w 4-ue)Phast Cum
BinDUN
in doad

Tha cuent which moves utounrds nudral ,is

do be positHive
consi dlurod

Tu t= T
Ts t = uT3
NG.
T t - sTl3 D.DUN

T w 2T

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a 180 Mods

R n.puN
BIT,)S%L. G2 13 T 234 2 S

25/3

-Vss -sla
-2Usl3
Vy

-aVsl3 ING

Vot (D.DUN

-Vsl
-2Vs3

Vs Vs

-Vs
Condoched in 180°
SCR
In 190" mods eadh
RNG
EiD.DUN

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. o dto Tls T TsT
Ts &ty1 (a) *.
Y whm
Covmeded
+2T¥ fassing aua
VsTI Vs rmis mmgah
Vs-3Tr RING
ik (-ve)
D.DUN

V Vay Va-V
Va= -2Vs -1-2)-Vs

tor Y- omted Tesishie dload

o.DUN

S 3R
Pooer dissipaded VaTk or
25/3A Vs|3R

#+)3*
T)ms UThm ony thyristor
Yms Cu
ivding dh f for dhe R-phase Voltaga. u g
Va = Vs sin wd NG

L5, 1, 13,11,19.
ENGINEERING ndia's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
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,
Electrical Hand written Notes in PDF format
Postal course list

1:Engineer academy dehradun (Raman sir)

(Hindi & English )

2: Aim campus roorkee

3: Youth competition Theroy book

join Telegram and download free PDF

Allelectricalnotes
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Evem-harmonic and tripalharmonic is absent

NOTE
VRn sin
Van)rms= 2 Vs VAIGms)
NG T

VRL
DA 8)VJms V2Vss

31-07 31
App Ps at Vay

4Vs cos sin mlot +s)

n 5

=o
M 3 Cos

hure ewen - harmonic amd nipple-harmonics ar

abset
Vayn 0 6 snn(st+ /s)
VAYTms cos n/¢

(Vayarms= cas h
ANG 2
D.DUN
VAY Crms)
-Vs
DDUNG3)

Va)rma Vs

THO 31

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ACADEMY
conducs at
SCR
mode each
60 is alloted P
in 120
B120 moDE
amd Jast
120
Comutahom

RT 2
- DDOH

Vs/ -Vs/
Y
Vs/
s/2 s/a

RY

Vs/2 Vs/a DDUN

-s/

o4o Tl3

Vs + Iy- 2T
w-
T w-
Va+Vs2 phase +hgris
mot conduc
g-s/2 o.bUN

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c eTla3u
shere - inverter -rauung
12
Vatms)
(VAVy=V Vn)ms
TPn) Tms
D.DUN

Vs

for R dod )ms 28

Vs Vl2R
(Tms25
CURRENT sOURCE INVERTER(CSI) *

TLoad
Capauti e

--. T ON
Curin
Sousu T Ts
Oommatahion T oN
To-Is
Vo Tdt when
Valtasa
curent egnstond omd
across: copautor
Vo
x is ei ear.

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ING

D.DUN

T
Copaite
Jead

No

aING
ED.DUN

APPLICATION: OF CSI+ Poroer

iCodrale of symchronous, moti, at luading
facdor
imduciom healima

ADVANTAGE i) Simpla Comudahiin

OF CST
11 Cowmutation po ssibla in Jaading pooer tackar J
T Nd nud tos feed back diode.
DrSADVANTAG OF CST Nud Hor cCommutaing Copau

tor conhroling sh reverse. voltag across sCRA

CTO'S Tramsistar mos.mot uSe be cause Pooe7

aING
D.DUN SCmicoduckor block Jo Teverse voltagt

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poytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
Goverument
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VoLTAGE CONTROL IN.INVERTER+

Var=Vs

NG
.DUNI

EXTERNAL CONTROL OF OUTPUT VOLTAGE

Hxed inverter AC Vobas
Cndrol

Axed choppes nverter Variasle Ac)

pc) A DUNG)
G Pixed Variabls LAc)
Cokrol imverter
Ac) reckfer

Pocces hamding stags is more han hoo

to thre losses moe amd decouases the
efi cienc
INTERNAL VOLTAE CONTROL OF TNVERTER
Var=Vs
V

Vs
2d total plus
in eath hal?

V DDUN

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WRIDTH moDALOTION TECHNT AUES
-PULS

AING
D.DUN

Rep-

D.DUN

2T
Vs Var

NG
D.DUN

ueshion TP supplg. Valtags

is 230 Volt
dhim for
udilise 5th harmanic tind tha valuua of vetaf
in oput
Soluran + Va Vs

ENGINEERING , India'sBest Institute for Junior

ACADEMY Engineer
 Dehuadun
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TWO-PULSE WTDTH MODULA TION+

aING
((D.Du
3T/2

-Vs
Y ton N= 2. pulses T

h pulse for. half' yk

fs expomsim, .olP. owe tanm
Vo SinY sim a
2
sin cod
Ltor2-pulse
43,5
Von - Vs. sinny sin md sinno-
RING
HDDUN d 2 DDUNi

2d

MULTIPLE PULSE WTDTH

MODULATION (MP)+

3 N
2
N number ot.pulse im each half
cyc
2d= utota pulse Loidth im each
half cyol
pulse width
.'
( "
etevoma valbtag
V
Ve caier valtage

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Carrler signal
Ve frequney e

Relertmu signal V

2 A A w*

CRINO

DDUN
2

-
ueshion Tm og wulkiple Pmw invester requun
cy vab
otrmguar carrier4V,6KHa omd sequome
reftroma signal is iV, 1iKH dhn: Pind mo
of plulse per half .cycla amd oidth ofl pulse
Saution
*
N 3

Pw

So o' ot puls 3
D.DUNJ
uls width=45°
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 Class Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass road near
Government polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
WENGINEERING 1340612 Web: www.engineeringacademy.co.ln
Mob:08449597123,0941
ACADEMY [email protected]_

STNUS0IDAL PULSE LWTOTH MoDULATTON*

Referenu oone reumeg *
camr oawe Hregusmey
AAZAZA 2.JT

-Vs

0.DUN

Štep oave imverte

24 N
ANG
D.DUN

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

LACADEMY EA-49
ENGINEERING Clas Centre-Pithurvnia Karspr HO Shina byss rod ncar Govemment pobtechnic Pihuwa
wma
Del
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.eugncenngacademy.co.in
ACADEMY Email:enpineeringacademyddngagmanLcom

ZERO OFF CARATER COI NCIDENT WITH ZERD

OF REF.

ING
D.DUN

L D.DUN!

DUN)

FNGINFERING
 road near Govemment polyechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
RNGINIEERING Claa Centro-Pithuwala | Kurenpur; HO: Shimla bypass
Mob:0844959123,09411340612 Web: www.enginocringacademy.co.in
[email protected]
ACADEMY
PHASE CONTROL RECTIFTER3

RecHcahion is tha proc«ss of convertimg Ae voltag

amd cument Into De valtogcurent
Umcanholld fix Dc
AC Ricifier Voc Constam
only dtod) ANG
D.DUN
Canralled
Ax Ac Rach PHer Variasla Dc
(SCR.dioda)

The use of sCR called reckiPer ony as a

s
Cowerte or phase contralad .reitier In dthis.
Lwham
th SouA voltaga is ngaive, aukomak it
- cally geks commutd hum dhe ómods curret
uss thn the hold eument

NOTE+ In Phase eomtralled rech Her no maud as

external Cwwwtahion

*There are doo type of Cwerder

Singla phase conertes
1 Thru phase convertr

pplicakiom of phase cmhrad TeciPiere

14 Dc supply Por nvertoss
Salar to Dc -AC Conversion
it De Tracton
V Speed convol of pe motar
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADEMY
 po
nesr Goveru
rosdwww.engneerngcademy.co.n
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Mob:08449S97123,09AII340612
Centre-Pithuwala| Web:
Class
yodnggmilLco0m
BNGINEBRING -b-malkengineeringdem
ACADEMY DDU
HVDC Conyersian
V
J-PHASE
RECTTFTER OVER
ADVANTAGE OF 3-PHASE
RECTTFTER move
iEFPiciency. of 3-
TeciAer is phase
Morepooer. Com be riggereol in thru
ii Produchim of harmonie is Jess
itt cotimuous
Loaol Cumord usualy emains
IV
'

PAINCTPAL OF CoNVER TER

RECTIFIERS (R Joad)
PHASE CONTROLLED
STNGLE
l) 2nPa)
0 TH OFF
k-Vth sthen do =0 (ze)
Vo
Vo o.(Zuro)
VwnSin to

TH ON

md Va=Vs
3) .T to-21
TH reverse bias do
TH OFF
. Jo =0Uro) DUN
Vo b CZuro)..
hre -ring om
FIRTNG ANGLE ) Tha omela that is measurt

Srn 4h ivstt ot ggered

in iaeks
dhe maxi mum oulpu voltg
nte
insiem
07 omgla im which th
Om
waximum' :an
oulput voltaga. is obtaimad
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADEMY
 Pithuwala Dehradun
near Government polytechnic
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Cass Centre-Pithuwala
BNGINEERING Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
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CADEM

T) TIF)
TCR)
2

Vo

)
***

*****

Vl&

"***T

OFF tham Vs=Vo ((DUN

RING whm uthyristos
DUN So Prv of thyi stor Vm

.circit tum-oft ie t =
sec wher a 21f
***

awrage valtage
*** **

(Vo), ; ai J Vm Sin at dud

*******.

V sin de
* **

Vo7
L-cas o
V- D.DUN

2T LCas iT+ Cas

| Vo = L+cos] valt

NNIATAmnrTAT India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

 E-manlkengineeningacau
ACADEMY

I Airing amgla [=] thun

Vo C1+] ING
D.DUN

2V Vw
2 T
=o ..
.*
whem

curent uo)= V V tl+C5A)

avera oad R 2TR.
casa amp
do T 1+
Rms oupud voltage Vrns v? sinto de
Vms
gING Vtms n:%.+ia4)
T.DUN
Vrms )+ sin2) vo
PoWER FACTOA
PmnguaPoaulpus

Vsr x Ts
cos
-
Cos Vov

VsT Tor

Pouoertactor tPf.=
xTot

VsT
Vos
RING
D.DUN

Vsr

0 eP. cos - L-*) L-)+sm

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior
Engineer
ACADEMY
 PKoowaka Dehradoa
Covermment prkyeckke
bypass road nesr
*

Cetre-PidhowaKarangur H0: Shima

E7NGINEERING Cas Mob0EA49997123D9411340612 Web
woww.engne
Lmailengpeeringacademyddngmailcom
anJ0*
CADEMY
SINGLE PHASE HALF
WAVE CONVERTER A-L Load)
5i

T T OFF

do =0
hun
Vo*
Vs-Vm5in tot
2) -do
TVai-+
ON
V-Vs

2t. 3T

No

tC

VmsiP

NGINEERING India's Best Instifute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY
EA-55
 near Govnen
poennc Pithtwal
Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass roadwww.engincenngacsocmyY.co.in
Centro-Pithuwala |
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
E-mailkengineringacademyddnagrrail.com_
ENGINEBRIN
ERING Class
LACADEMY
, Vo be.come Zrn
Ld3 ON
T+P) i t=l
u
but donott
omd. wt -B cummw
) Joad
Jo become uro 0r

sCR becm tum off.

Omgle () extinchom omg D.DUN

= cmdu hion amgk
U(0-*)
Averoge oulput Joad valtage (Vo) Vmin Lat diss)

07
NG
o.ouN) V-V-s] [ens-casp]
Vo- lCos-Cos®]vl
Averoge ourput, Joad curert

e 2rTR [eos-cose|a
.Rs Value Oupu. yaltagz lVms) .
- sine dea
o.DU

Vms -Casdo

Vrms
-4)-in29 -sin 1"|
NCTNRRINC
 Dehradun
Class Centre-Pithuwala Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypass road near Government polytechnic Pithuwala
|

ENGINEERING Mob:08449597123,0941 1340612 Web: www.engineeringacademy.co.in

ACADEMY E-mail:[email protected]

RMS VALUE OF OUTPUT CURAENT

ms) 1
L)->sin 1ß -5inna)
Power tackar+
Vo-+ P Vo4 To+ | faoes floo Joad)
d

D.DUN
Vo P-Vo I4 (-U potoer +loo
To doad dto Sourta).

STNGLE PHASE HALE WAvE_CONVGRTER CR-L doed , Audaa

Freeuh anling PRads

t
Iis commsed acvoss

FA RL Jaad[ Th maln
eason of comect
dhis do nskid -va
Rr tion in he outpu]
I aso callid bg-ss or
is comukim diod.
cCruut turn oFF ti d se
* hyristars conduching angl |(T-) rad
*Onduchon omglu of frawhuling diocs -T rad

auTage valkag. Vo Ci+cos )

ONeTa doad cumnt

(D.DUN
o 2TR
L+ cosa)
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer..i n
ACADEMY
ENGINEERING E-mail:[email protected]
ACADEMY
sinuat
Vm
j2T
bUNHS

Vo

FD FD

uT+A)

VT

Moc
Mode 2-

B Comachna FD imput pouwer factm is improved

ourput votaga
murili se. -VA Lwane.

ENGINEERING
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ACADEMY Engineer

,
 Pithuwala Dehraun
nenr Govenmment polytechnic
Kaninpur; HO: Shimla bypnss rondwww.cnginceningncaucmy.co.ln
Cinss Centro-Pithuwala
ENGINEERNG MOD:O8449597123,0941 I340612 Wob:
[email protected]
ACADEMYY

SING LE PHASE FULL WAVE MID PoTN T CONVERTER

+Va TH LAtral)
-Va-THa (veversc)

, Thinaming thyria
LOAD
Ta ukgoing thyris tar
wNAAAA
R(Aoadl)

D.DUN

1:2 -VTh
***

VON VAM No

UNG
D.DUN
-T

Circittum

PIV= 2Vm (mid potd)

oPF i e . sec

avg odpud válka No Vm Sin wt. dut

RING

-cadgl+T ) +t Cas4 D.DUN

Vo = V Cos Vot T
ENGINEERING
India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADEMY
EA-59
*
 411340612 Web: www.engineeringacadcemy.co.in
ENGINEERING Class Centre-Pithuwnala lKarunpu gacademyddn(@gmail.com
E-mailkengineerin
ACADEMY
+
Rms VOLTAGE
Vrms sm ut dat
sm
Vms r)+f 24"| RING
RDUN

Rms.cUARENT T Tws
R

INPUT-"POWER FACTOR Vnms

Vsr -tsin24]"
Supply rquunug = So
Qupu, ripplx rtaumcy nts
shure mo of puls in each eye
E .o 2x So fo- loo H

SING LE PHASE FULL WAVE GRIDGE CONVERTER RL LoAD}

im dhis a
ALE Jead amd
a ScR Com cted across
Vo
bridge .here E is em
of ciri+ This emf
produa ba batbery
.

to 24

ENGINEERING
G
India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADEMY
ENGNEERING ds CetoPra i Kama, HÖ: Sta bypass oad
oeer Gveraet priecihnie
Piaia Dehadu
Mob0A495971239411349612 Web emgcaen
ACADEM babengeracaderddsaznaoo

Nab a

Va oupuk vtag

T4) |aT eT 31 3TA

Sora
7

UNG
D

RLE LOAD
SINGLE-PHASE FULL CONVERTER GRIDAE UrTH

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior, Engineer

ACADEMY
EA51
 Karanpur HOF Shin weD:
www.cugn
Mob:08449597123,09411340612
Centre-Pithuwala| [email protected]
Class
ENGINEERING
ACADEMY
dimu 4= (2T-
Circ dum off,
de2T-2 L
Sec
TD.DUN

Conduthiom orgli -P-

Av valtage V m sinatdot
Vo (cosCase

Rm. Valua +
Vrs V2
¢s)+ tin 24- an2p)
RING
aoUN D.bUN

ENGINEERING|
LACADEMY India's BestInstitute
for Junior
Engineer
 ENGINEERING Clas Centre-Plthuwala Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypaas rond near Govermment polyiechnie Pithurwala Dehraden
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineeringacsdemycon
ACADEMY E-mail:engineringacademydónggmail.cm

CHOPPERS '

ChopperIs a dwia that comverts the Hud De

input volkage into variob.le De vatage.
Uput)
De De oupuk)
o.DUN

Application i) Thu chopper

is added ths plou of o
highresistomu ohich is addud to
h n with the armature in th« Dc
wotor for speed comtral
Choppes is also used +br spud control amd
breakmA in ekthicei auo mobil.
Chopper used inm 3ub -aay-car redua huaking

duality o Chopper iy' Smnth conkrol ((o.oun}

ii. Cacnd efkicdeny
TD.DUN
i tast respona amd rugm arahm

CHOPPER (T. BbCK CoNVE RT ER)

STEP DoWN DC
CH
Vo lonX
ToNt ToFF
V5
V.
V ToNXN

ToN+ TorE T
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY EA-63
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ncar Oc
Web:
HO:
Centre-Pithuwala |Karanpur
Shima
PmailkengineeringacndCmyOdniLKTnIIW COL

iNEERING Class
ACADEMY-

- -
p.DUN

d Vs
oN =«
valu of Vo Juss hen
doad , voltagg
dhe
oyde)
cntrallud
( duty
ANG by Contral of

CONTROL SYSTEM

VARTAGLE FRE&UENCY CoNTROL this mthod In

cho im chepping iqumey lor choppn
time Omd is Callud freauuney odudahion
SyStem.
Vo
Va Load
Toy ToFF Valkas
Vo OFF

NDN.. Laad
Vala
D.DUN

o
TFrTo Lsad
Vonps
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute
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ENGINEERING
ACADEMY_
Cass Centre-Pthuwala | Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypass road

CO NSTENT FREQUENCY CONTROL

4riguan
[email protected]

Tn
dhi's mathod chopprng
kup comstamt omd is
.
near Government polytechnic Pithuwala Denlau
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineringacademy.co.in

Callud pulse modulation..

Load
RING
Volda
Toff
Vo i Load Valko :'***

Ton

ADVAN TAGE ADVANTAGE OF PULS E TDTH modULATIOon

oVER FREAUE NCY MODULATrON

i Fiülter Desigun mol easy in trequny modulahon

ii Freaurny chomging amge 1s me in trqume
modlaion
OFF ime mare in trequmu modulaiom
AING
STEP UP CHOPPER
.DUN
."

D L
L
Vo

(DDUN

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

 ear Govemment polytcchnic thuwn
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urE-mail:[email protected]
Centre-Pithu-08449597123.0ceringacademyddR
Class
ENGINEERING
ACADEMY

eD.DUNj

ToN

V%t

TON

n)- (Valkagt across L) (averoga CuRd dhrough L) Tan

Wee) Valhag acr oss L) (averags

cumd through L) Toff
p)-v-)| T
L b'y
ene93 emservaim dauo
boh emery Shguld be e*

RNC
D.OUN
Vs
Ton-V, Tot -VsTofr
Vs
(Ton
VsT
Tope - VoTore
V Tope" Llom+Toep
-

ENGINEERING
L ACADEMY Indla'sBest
Institute
for JunlorEngineer
.
 Deliradun
Govermment polytechnic Pithuwala
BNGINEERING sS entre- Pithuwala Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass road near
|

Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineenngacadcmy.co.in

ACADEMY E-mailkengineeringacndemydanna.co

V.Vel Vs

ERING
D.DUN
Vo=Vs
V
Va s (Tou +Tpee)=
To4P
2 -v
TTon ToEF

thus LV, = 2v 2 dime dhe ouput cam be obtaine

CLASSTFTCATTON OF VAATOUS CHoPPER cONFTGURATION_

First quadramt or Type A choppes

V NG
D.DUN

CHI CHI FD

This choppe
"
is callud step doun ehoppas bea04se

olwoys
This is used in motorine operaion
ING
CHOPPER (iD.DUNH
SECOND uADAANTT OR TYPE-8
2
4Vo

ChDe
Vs
Ch

India's Best Institute for Junlor Engineer

 near Gove echnic Pithuwa
roadwww.engineenngacademy.co.in
la bypassWeb:
ENGINEERING Class Centre-Pithuwala |
Karanpur;40612
E-mailkengineeringacndcinyodaunai.com

ACADEMY
step-up- ahopper.
Js chopper is calts..agemevative breakty m
Ihs chopper used
DC wotos AING
D.DUN
GUADAANT CHOPPER
3 Two

CH2 Vo CHI
Ch D

CH

load cuYEnt omd -ve omd valfags

+Ve
dhis
alaye iu be tu) fasihtwe T is made by adding.
sequune
dype amd type0 choppes iîn parallel
This chopper operatd as vechtire or inerer
This choppes is used in motoring amd brokiy
o4 DC motos
0.DUN
Two &UADRANT OR TYPE D CHDPPER

DUN

DA cH
- V

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ACADEMY E-mail:[email protected]

V.

loN

DUN

CH CH
R CH CH

ic icth

Jave tom LON>ToFF

Vo

Ta oFF Top

LTTr
 II0: Shimlo
e
bypaas ron
www.cngnconngicadey.uu.l
emailkonglneoringacndemyddngakmai.com_
Karanpur;
Mob;08449597123,09411340612
Cenlro-Plthuwnla Web:
BNGINEERING CIASR

ACADEMY
Topg
Vo TanVs: Topf = VsX
T
« >0:5 Vo is (+e
14 Case Ton> Tose
im
Vo is (-Ve)
im case Ton 4 Toe a 40'5.
i Vo=o AIN

T09 im case TaN.

ToFF
0 D.DUN

(E-TYPE CHOPPER)
QUADAANT
foUR
AVo

Vo
Ch Chs

Vs T
CH
Chy AD4 -V

m dhis Joad ciret amd doad valtag both are

Posive or agodive
No
Choppen on Step-up 2 choppers on step docon ehpe
chopper Ca optrated
CH-DuL stomeeaTI8 Ch opesate .
CH-OFF :dhun D,D4
CH-CH ON
Condut CH-oFF thum
H-D2 camduc
-To
2 Choppers on Step-dotan . chopger on step
Chopper up dhoppe
Chu operaed
CH opetated
CHuD2: Lstove emar33
CH-CH ON
CHy- OFF:
Ch OFF: thn CH-Dy
E
than Di;Ds condu
Con ou e E
reversed
reversed
D.DUN
ENGINEEPINC
 polytechnic Pithuwala Denriou
near Ooverhment
Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass roadwww.Enginecringacademy.co.1n
Cenire-Pithuwala |
ENGINEERING S
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Webi
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ACADEMY

STEDY 8TATE:_TIME DomATNANALYSTS

Ta
LI-e*/Ta

e lnTa
eTITa

STEADY STATE RTPPLE +

m/Ta e low/Ta
Tx-Lmn
eTTa
Tom/Ta1-e-T-Tm) /Ta

1-eT
4T) (4-e-)TiTa)|
I nxTn 1-e /Ta

Vs

ANG
D.DUN

ENGINEERING
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Class Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
ENGINEBRING [email protected]
ACADEMY_
CYCLOCONVER TER

Cyclo conve7tes is a eqtuncy. chomges hat

acts ika a treqiincug .transFormes
Cyeloconverter High /do
doo High.

Applicaonn
ot high power Ac olrive
i Speed comtsaling
i1 indutim huatimg
ii tor pmoting VAR

iv Tn HVDC Transi missiom

D.DUN Vorgnirading variabls sperdaAadtCistd
freaumo
TYPE S OF CYcLo coNVERTER

iSing Phase ycloconverter

Tharee Phase Cycdo cmvertr
STNGLE PHASE CyCLocoNVE RTER
1
Mid Point Caclo converter
=

ut
Vs

thure is 6
of Ps ma
K Pulurcs
fo
ENGINEERING
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ACADEMY -maikengineeringAcademyddn(@gmail.com

Vso T*

NNN.

THAEE PHASE CYCLOCONVERTER

Tt also wosk on
dh prlni ple of Simgl fhase cwerter
-VA
INO

-ve roP
-6 Ac Joad

ura
Tha basic principl tor converting dhra phase suPA
into singlu phase is that tha vig amgl o 3
thayris tor s are imcreasedim 3 semi ciruit
ONeag outpu voltagu (oDUN)
Vd= Vdo Cos
ring amgh
VAn utoue V wih uro iring dday

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

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co.in

ENGINEERING Cass

ACADEMY

Voo

D.bU

ridge typPe cyelocnerker

o.DUN

magaive grouP
gToP

dhis cgulovsonverter 3
Inm thistor are used
thase 4 posihive grop amd
4gaive grouf

SINGLE PHASE TD SINGLEPHASE STER DOWN CYCLOCON

RTER
ENGINEERING
India's Best Institute for
LACADEMY| Junior Engineer
ENGINEERING Cass Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass toad rtear Goveriment polyteshnic Prthnrvaia Der
Mob:08449597123,0941 1340612 Web; www.engihecringacacdermy.co.ln
CADEMY [email protected] taitada
Importomt foint +
duvica to convert dc ino Ac/
inverter is¢
) Main Part of* Inverer is oscilatar
f1-romstormer is nat used in' bridat,e mvester
iv Cum* Souru inverter is used n hhrequny
Vandkack diods is requried in Voltagi "soura ínyevt
vi In voltags soura mver ter. ouput yoltage Vo io
ot uare
dapod in dead impedanalz),ohureas

vit
daodl TL
In cST ,iP outpu freauamg is H ,
dend on Joad impcdamu u
thy treaum
f
of tmput valtaga. is 2
Ac outpud contralld bg, Smgl phase valtage
Comhrnller AL doad).. if
RING

Loherephase omgle doad

Y = conduthon omyl
Cycdocomvertes Qmvert high requmg ino doco
Preaume or dow trequeno ito high rquuneg
shenas singls stag variabl
XForud commutaion is reauritd im 3tep up cycloconve
ex
Xi Thru phase cyelo corivertes has a ahio of
Va ratina 36 scR to scR is 2 all thayrist
Voltage, Curent Tating qre thi sme.
xis In 3 d 3- dhru pus cyelocanverter
hawng s thyistos
Stcp don cyelo corwer ter tosk in
slf comwutahion
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
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ACADEMY
mOTORS
SPEED CONTROL OF
SOLID STATE

roLoe
Poe

.Elcrie Dsive
NPES OF ELECTRTC DATVE.
DRIVE ;"'
i.De
DATVE
Ac
DRTVE tyee of de drtve.
iDc
a Sing Phase de drive
b) dhru phase de drive NG
D.DUN
chopper orives

CHARACTRISTICS OF DC MOTOR

V- E+ TaRa
Omd Es = ?ZPN
60A
V-TaRa#zeN
6oA
60A V-TaRa GoA
RNG N Comstond
D.DUN
2
"Tarau Te-KadTa =K.Ta

Dc SERTES MOTOR* Vt =Ea+Ta (ats)

T Ka Ta].
-al kTa
ENGINEERING
India's Best Institute for
ACADEMY Junior Engineer

76
ENGINEERING Cass Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur, HO: Shima bypass road near
Government polytechnic Pithuwala De
ACADEMY Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
www.engineeringacademy.co.a
B-mailkengineeringacademyddn(@gmail.com

le,P Pouwer,
P

a
Toropa, Te
Base spd
Va,Ta,

D.DUN3

Base seud
Conston.taygKCons taa Pbuur. Spd
drive dafVe

STNGLE PHASE DC DRTVES *

i Hal wawe Comveter dvive +

averaga oupur voltag to çsnvèrter Vo= armachu terminal
Voltag
. Vo = Vt
2n
+cos)
Vnmxmu vakragg Souru)

D.DUN
Jaik

A , L
DI

UNO
Englneer
India's Best Instltute for Junlor
ENGINBERING
ACADEMY EA-77
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Govemment polyteChnic Pihuwala
near
ENGINEERING | Karanpur; HO: Shimla
bypass roadwww.engineeringacademy.co.in
Class Centre-Pithuwala
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
-E-mailkengineeripgacademyddin(agmail.com
LACADEMY

NG
DUN

Vt-Ve

si Fpit-T F0

t
**

ANG
D.DUN

2T

oppare mput poLer= (Tms souTa valtoy

(Tms Soura curent)
La - VsxTsr
.Poser dluverd do metr
taTa +Taa
tat
Tara) Ta V&XTa

input supely. p=Eaa *ia ra-

NsJs VTa
'
ENGINEERING
ACADEMY India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

EA 78
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Covernment polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
ACADEYY Mob:0E449597123,09A]1340612 Web: www.engineeringacademy.co.in
mngmeringacademyddn@ipnmailcom

CIRCUTT TYPE RTPPLE

E
Half

Es
Semi 2P
Converter

Ta

4Es
Cmverte 24s

Dual
Conwtr 2ts

DRTVES
SINLLE PkSE SEMrcONVER TER RUUNG

TT a 1 )2 DUNi

mp potr taca ((+ Cos]1

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY
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ENGINEERING near Goverameot
HO: Sima bypess roadwawngneengcoey.aO.m
ACADEMY aajkoepa; IPAIB4612 Webr
Moe99TIB

NGLE PHASE FLu coNvERTER DTVES*

Vo = Vt = Cs
Ve = cos«,

Tsr x =Ta

Pouoes
tastr CPf) = V
Vs axTss
cas
PF 22
Trpu poer Pacor dupnds on ring omgl l«) ;ohon
Cumv Cnstom.
STNGLE_ PHASE DUAL ONVERTER DRTVE
hrst opevažion Vs
Cas o6 4|
Second operarion V = 2Vm Cosq
whn L +4 T
hudd oonverter Ve = caseg

THREEPHASE Dc DRTVES
T dhise drives. armakure ciruit of
mot commtu
with outpuh ef dhru phase Cmtsal eciir

RING
&D.DU

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior

Engineer
ACADEMY
ENGINEERING Css Centre-Pithuwala| Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass road near Govemment polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineeringacedemy.CO.n
ACADEMY E-mail:[email protected]

TyPE-l

Half 3% ."
Wawe
Supply trequm

Semi
Cnverter 3%

SING
DDUN3 '

Cowiesher

Dual 6ts
Conwenter

ENGINEERING India's Bést Institute for Junior Engineer

LACADEMY
 Dehradtua
c Pithuwala Dehradun
polytechnic
Coveiment
www.englnceringncRdcmy.co.n
near
ENGINEERING Class Centre-Pithuwala Karanpu O
|
byYpassrond

ACADEMY 340612
6U340612 Web:
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Wob:
aagmail.com
mailkengineoringacademyddnku

THREE PHASE HALF WAVE *CONUERTER

Ve= V me Co3
Valagi
ohare
21T
Vmd= marimum valu e Jime

d= Hring amgl

i+cuTent as,)Ar: DLLT

anadur (nms valu) LTa Ta
Phase amd uiw ms cuent Is= Vz 2 aj
awerage thepists cumot T Ta 2 a
mpu power tacta V Ta
2Vss7
D.DUN

LE 2n
*

..

NC DRTVE ypes of AC Drive

9inducion drive
Symchronous motor drive
DUN

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute

for Junlor
ACADEMY Engineer
ENGINEERING Cass Centre-Pithuwala Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypass rond near Covemment polytechnie Pithuvala Dehradin
|
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[email protected]

INDUCTTON MOTOR DATVE+

Ns 20 Tpm

P
Omd 21 Tael sec
P

NT NsC1-s) D.DUN

sl-5)
maulysis amd pertormama
ww.

g-3
otor ahmic Joss = 3T
2
ww 0000 0000
T 3

Te
Te 3

voltage Codral
Stat o.DUR

+Stator frequn Comol

stator volt agu. omd reaumcg conral
Staor cumet Otmd

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

 Pitmuwala Dehradtug
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Centre-Pithuwala Karanpur; HO: www.engneeringacadcmy.co.in
NEERING Clas Mob:08449597123,0941 1340612 Web:
[email protected]
ACADEMY
STATOR VoLTACE CONTAOL

Te
(t+
D.DUN
TL

raed
voltag

ora
STATOR FRE AUENCy cONTAOL+

+*4|
Synchremo4AS 3 petel
P

.DUN

S-

mo tor inpu pooer P.Pg+Stator core doss +statar

Copper Joss
Oudpu o: Shatt pooer IR») =
(Ptxed hass)
ePFceny7
Psh
' shaforai Th =
Slip a wanmum
toral
ENGINEERING Indla's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADEMYI
ENGINEERING entrePithurwala Karanpur HO- Shimla bypas road near Govennent polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
|
ACADEMY Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engneeringacademy.co.in
[email protected]
***""*

le =
20s*l +(1ta)
Spad

UNG
tora
Porosrd.
motorina

jStotor
tes CHremi

T6ra

reverse
eagio

s
*

IE.
(DDUN

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY
 polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
road near Govermment
ENGINEERING aSS Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur; H0: Shimla bypass
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web;
www.engineeringacademy.co.in
[email protected]
LACADEMY
aING

PHASE CONTROLLED AECTIFTER: .DUN

PHASE HALA WAVE RECTTFIER Im dhis

:R LOAD) *half
NGLE wawe
pdaii of dliods in
SCA used in
Tecitie Vh

valuus of a th Jower tha aveYaar

Tha highar dhe
ouput valtage gING

.DUN
Um sin ca*

iny pluses

2/ uT

VSsi

aTn+)

NG
7
ENGINEERING India's Best:Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADBMY
ENGINEBRING SSLCEntre- Pithuwala| Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypass road hear Govermment polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradun
ACADEMY Mo:U8449597 123,09411340612 Web: www.enginiceringacademy.co.in
[email protected]
** *

Vagavg) Ci+Cos]
DDUN
2T LPTV
V
Vans= [or-4)+ sna72"

STNCLE PHASE HALF WAVE AECTIFIER

:RL LOAD

Vout tavgy cos Cas

TH
R
Vo din2p-sin 2
)- 2

STNGLE PHASE HALf WAVE CNVE RTER : sith RL doad & friuh
- ding dliode)+
whm Visin ut 4E (thyzistor of f)
hn Vm8in u >E "l Hhgristor oN

PA Vo 44 4Gasa)

DUNZS

iv STNGLE PHASE FULL UAE CENTER TAPE RECTIFIER ( Loith

RL Lood)
turn raio ot emtes tap T[F i:2
TH
Vcang Cos
Vo
CAINGN
THa

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer.

ACADEMY
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Mob:08449597123,09411340612 weo eil coo
maikengineeringacademyddnAgnalcom
ACADEMY

Whum RL LOAD CONNECT

VamS
t sin do]
Vrins (+ si2 -sina
THREE PHASE FUL WAVE CONTROLLER*

L
www.000000
Load

K
www 00000
LOAD

R
wwww.0000

Ams vauu o oukput phase voltage. dipend on ramg

of ddoy ange

I5o
9044

ENGINEERING .India's Best Institute for Junfor Engineer

ACADEMY

EA-88
 polytechnie Pithuwala Denio
ENGINEERING CIRSS Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass road near Govemment
Mob:08449597123,0941 1340612 Web: www.euglneeringacademy.c0h
ACADEMY [email protected]

BOND OF STNGLE PHASE AC.vOLTAGE CONTROLLEK

*

Ouput Covrol notpossikk

ohan Th and Tn an
comected im ami parall
Vs
D.DUN

2nd
In this sprahion of
Conrod amd poser cirtwih
.".
not ruATC .

.So
3sd Suitakle for Jau pooe
oppli cetons ishum dhe
Joad is esis tive or
lous induive

When RJoad Comactd+

TAms

Pay sine de

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY
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 emcineeringacademy.co.n
DNGINEERING Class Centre-Pithuwala Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass road
[email protected]
ACADEMY

CONTROL CTRCUIT +tor- dvicivalkag

AC Conoler
HCPHASE
a hyris is
shich cmvert+
vathaga into variahls AC Voltage Loithou "

d A
chamg in #reauumcy

APPLTCATTON D.DUN

iight ombral
irs industrial hati
iiTnduchian huatimg of mels
*
ivToPe changar of' trömstormer,
V Starting of. 3- móts

ADVANTAGE ANG

i High E9Hcieny D.DUN

11 gcad embrol
TLous mantemenu cast.
advamtage Harmoics in Sppky curem*
wwwe torm md doad Voltageusane torm.

Types ot AC Voltage
amholrs+
simg Phast AC voltagi ConhrollerS
ii 3- AC Voltage Oanhrallurs D.DUN

Singla Phase AC Voltagu ConhrolleYS

Wawe om ot +Ve half
yds amdLgah'w
had yd is not id4nticalc +Hor Voltaga
ENGINEERING oml cuntr
LACADEMY India's Best Institute
for Junior Engineer
ENGINEERING Class Centre-Pithuwala Karanpür, HO: Shimla bypass road near Govemment polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradhun.
ACADEMY . Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineeringacadkemy.co.n
E-mAkEngineeningacadenmyonegnlLcom

vsinu

DUIN )

STNGLE PHASE FULL, WAVE AC voLTAAE CONTROLLER

In this los thyristor T

Th Cmd THa comided in ami
paralld sesunca.

For +Va half cycla amd neadive half cycls awe n

Curen omd Vvottags are i
donical

/a14)

ENGINEERING
LACADEMY 1
India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer ..
*
EA-91
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ENGINEERING ne ngioceringacadey
Class Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass roadwww.engineeringaCBOCny
1340612 Web:
ACADEMY 25,0941
-mail:engineeringacademyddnagn

TmORTANT POTNTI
9 Singl pháse half awi Conbrohd. recir tr B dead

Careraga output: voltage = 'V (1+Co5)

2T

i Singl phase half Loawe Conhallud bridgt

In
Ou hyistor is used
Ow-Crnrollaid *

Tn reckifr ciruut oth induchve doac

rishin dioda is 'used
*

iv Tn singla phase Au ioave hilf ambollued bricdgs

tothuaistor ave ustd
V m singl phoase ha bawe mwerter Ouput
aweraga "voltaga tor RL Joad is NG
V (cos Cas p) D.DUN
2n
vi En singi phase haP Lsawe mid point cawerter
owArag outpu valtagt ts eajnal
Cos

vii) Im the hru. phase halt Cohverter dhru thyristor

triggers in a120 nterval.

Viii Th the dhru phase tull cowester

rigpers
six huristr
ainterval of 60.
***

X In dhu phase ull awerter reaumu

output valtag wiu ot
6 sheYe-Supely requun
(ioDUN
**
ENGINEERING India'sBest Institute for Junior
LACADEMY Engineér
 GINEERI
ENGINEERING Cass Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur; HO: Shimla bypass road near Govermment polytechnic Pithuwala Dehradum
ACADEMAY Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineeringacademy.co.in
[email protected]

uushim +120 Valt supply given

Comralley I
tull bridas a 4
thyristos. valtaga drop is 5y
thanmd average Joad valtage at Aring amg
o', 4s, q0 ***.
Soluhiam Vp = 120 Valt
awerag doad valtaga Vo= V Cos
hynistar drop
Vo Xl2o Caso*- l2X+s)V los Volt

Vo 7 xno Cos 45*-3v - 73.u valt

3 La-20 V Xno Cosao3v = 0 valk

aING Peak vokaa acoss every thyristor NO

D.DUN (iD.DUNJ
V 2 Vp =v2 Ano « In0 Volt

uAshion + 2o valk in given im sing phase Aul am

oridg eiruwit in. dhis. 2 diode used. Fmd
dhe average dead valtageivaltage dop in
eath diods .8 Valt .takm
SoluhovM d-o daken
V 2N2 Ue cos -2 diode valtagy drop

27120 -2x03) l06. 4V

So aAUTag doad Valtage 5 lo6.4 Valt
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer.
ACADEMY

EA-93
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hradun
pechnc
ENGINEERING Class Ceptre-Plthuwala ] Karampur; HO Shimla bypass rosdwww.enoineer
w.egineeringacademy.co
340612 Web:
E-mail:[email protected]
LACADEMY

conro reeiHier
AS ion Ima Singl phase half awe
duloy nga

iRcing
-
hoavins
q
Pure esishive doad

elicienug
thn And i
omd

il Fo fator DUN
i# Ripplsa dar
v PTV of thgristos
*

Saluion a ouput oad vokkage

d 0*

=
Outpur curre* To
2TR
2

AING
D.DUN

Tims
2iR
Ppc VoIo TA

Ac Pouaer Pac-ms XIrms -

Recifig ePkicienc
20-27
V
iiAorm takr {PP)
X 2-22
Rippl facto RING
983 D.DUNN)
lv Peak Inverse Nalkag LPrv = v
ENGINEERING
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ACADEMY Junior Engineer
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ACADEMY Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engineeringacsdemy.co.Ja
E-manlkengineeringacademyddn@gmailcom

0bjedtive
ustion
Ratio of halding cument (Hz) to Jatdhing cumot (Li
inoiy thyristor is. Cotrkhand 2oiS
a4o ' e 2.55 0-4
Soluion+ IH 4 alays amd

Omd TL= 2.5 IH

D.D
RING
BDUN

poeer choppe mvest Tutrakhamd 2018

a Ac do Ac
D toDc
C De do 'AC
AC uto De
d

3 S tand ofP ratio in UTT is

Cuttrokhamd 2o1
Ro+Rp2 (Re-Raa)
d /Roi + Roa)
Ro-Ro.)
C -Ro») /Roi+ Rs.)
d
n Rsa)/Ao1- As)

4 SCR is a Cutarakhamd 2on

dwia
2 drrmimal
3 terminal dawia
C) 4 dermimal dwia
d mont o. above

ENGINEERING India'sBest Institute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY EA-95
 Pithuwala Dehradun
ENGINEERING Class Centre-Pithuwala | Karanpur, HO: Shimla bypassro ovemment polytechniC
0D:08449597123.09411349 ear enginecringacademy.co."
ACADEMY_ [email protected]

5 athyristor omada curert dus. ido

Cnlg euetron .
Cutraldhamd 201]
byekchron ar hola
by eactrom omd hala .DUN
d) Only. holas
Conhrallinmg Compemunt
.în $ CR is *_[uthrakhomd 201
aCathod
6 amodk
c omode spp '

dgade
Duihy cycl of chopper prestywkrarakhomd1
a ToN ToeP

ToNToF lToN +TorF) RING

C IToN D.DUN

d Towt+ToFF)lToN

8 Snuber circut used in thyristos cireuit

a
for trigging
CrEs-2ooi
tor du/dt protucion
c) tor di ld& protuction
.d for phase shifting ING
D.DUNE)
4A +huristar is caled +
Dc suitth AC
c
ENGINEERING
Ac or DC
sit h d rectenguular
swi+ch

India's wave switch

:ACADEMY Best Institute
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bypass road near Govemment polytechnic
Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Pithuwala Dehradum
ACADEMYY Web: www.engineenngacademy.co.n
B-mail:[email protected]

For dil d protuchion h scA use by

a imduckor im parall
inductor in sesies
Rc civcuit im parallel
d Re circit. im sevies D.DUN

TRTAC
isd CES-20rt]
a 2 terminal switch
S 2 derminal biluhral suitch
c3 deminal umiJàtral 8itch
3tenminal bidurechional auith,
129 UJT kmoun as CTEs-2002
valtagg control dwice
Curent Cmhrad dwia
UNG
erelixahion osulator D.DUN
d ons ot thase

13 Ac Voltaga reguloto mastely used n LTE21

a traion drive
tam drive
Synchronous motr drlve
mone ot acbove
d
14 fallowing
mipaler duwia in GD.DUN2
a) 0TT
c CTo dMosFET
ENGINEERING Indla's Best Institute for Jualor Englueer
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Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engincenng
LACADEMY [email protected]

15 For a dicdi Teverse

recovery im is dufinud as dhe
ime beoen hu .cut.
mstand, dicds becou
instamt eveise reca very cm decoys do
amal ths
ro
6fo. of! reverse peak curort Lam.

51. of Tkm

I54 of Trm

16) In a dioda dhe cut.-in voltage omd. toraard - valkas

drop are Tespectivels **

0-7V,0V
o7V, 1V
0-7V, 0-6V.
d V, 07V

n3 Revers8e recovesg CumUt im a diodk dipinds upm

tonaard ald cumrt
bstoraga charge
ctempeature
d Pv
18 a T,
o 1+d

d
d d-
,
ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer
ACADEMY
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Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web: www.engincenngacademy.co.in
ACADEMY_ [email protected]

A power MaSFET hás thru derminals ecaked

a colluctos, emwitter omd base

drain Souru Omd base

gae
drain souru omd
d} colluckoremiter amd gode
D.DUN

20 Secn dory bveakdoun OcuTS, im

a MosFET but not in 0JT

both MasFET cmd 0JT
OJT bud mo in mosFET
d mona of these

An TCoT has thra teminal calud+

a callector, emitter amd base
drain , sousu omd base
dran, Souru amd gat
d coludr ,emitr amd gate
dlawicas should be used as
22) which of dhe follouwig
(SMPs) 9
a Jou pooer 8ol tdhudwoda. power Supply CTES 20061
a) CTo
MosFET .DU
c) TATAc
d) THYATSTOR
stor
13 Th mumber of p-n junhiom in a hyri is +

a)
2

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junlor Engineer

ACADEV
 poMechnic hhuwala Dehrmdun
road near Government
Karampur; HO: Shima bypass www.cngncenngacademy.co.in
Class Centre-Pithuwala
NEERING 1340612 Web:
E-mail:[email protected]
Mob:08449597123,0941
ACADEMY

gate rigsérvg signa, tor 8CA Is

24 Ta mast ePicient
a a steady de Jwd
a short ourahion pulse
high - trequmey pulse Jrain
Ca a dos
d -treaui pulse aim
25 power semicmductor may mdergo domaga
duu to
higk olildt
do dildt
chigh dvldt D.DU

d Jos dvld4

26 Tiacs ave wost Suitoble when. ths supply vallyt

is
a) de
uo raumy ac
e high regumcg
D.DUN

ac
d Al ave rechted ae

27 Whih of Jhe tallowing does not cause permomi

damag of am scR9
a high Curen
b high Tae of' rise of cumnt
chigh demperodurn rise ING
D.DUN
highTade of rise of Voltaga

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for

Junior Engineer
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ncar Govemment polytechnic
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ENGINEERING Mob:08449597123,09411340612 Web:
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SING
Powey EJacraics .DUN

Pouoeekcdronics is a
wids bromch ot elehromies
various application
in tuhich oe studies about h
of Poer semicanou eko devicas im various .condrolmy
fiel
PoeTeluchronics is a ' Subjact dhad Comurms,
dhe appuicahion of dachromic.Principles imdo
situaions that are rated a pouoer devel rather
dhen signal Jevel For exampla, semicmductos
eke.
poLoer soitehas such asHhigristor, CTOS

Appli codion of Pouoer elacromics

D.DUN

i Tn dhe comericad tidd

In dhe fidd of telecommuni cadion
it n dha indushial ield
iV
Tn dha fiudd ot aero spaca
V Tn dhe residanial Aild
vi Tn Solor emarO wind emrgomd High votag
de circuit breakr ete.

ADVANTACES OF POwER ELECTRONTCS CTRCUTT

AS ComPAIR To OTHER SYSTEM
i. High elliciency duu to do dess in poLoer -semicomd
-ctor oiu. ING
iH) High reliability (iD.DUNS

ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for Junior Engineer

ACADEMY
EA-01
Electrical Hand written Notes in PDF format
Postal course list

1:Engineer academy dehradun (Raman sir)

(Hindi & English ))

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