01 1111

Prove that the tangent drawn at any point to

the curve ftx) = x5 + 3x3 + 4x + 8 would
make an acute angle with the x-axis.

~ Report the question

Solution
ftx) = x 5 + 3x3 + 4x + 8
⇒ f'(x) = 5x4 + 9x2 + 4
Clearaly, f'(x) > 0 V x E R
Thus, the tangent drawn at any point would
have positive slope and hence would make
an acute angle with the x-axis.

02 1111

Find the equation ofthe normal to the cmve

y = lx2 - lxll at x = - 2.

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. 3y =x + 8)
Sol. Intheneighbourhoodof x =-2, y=x2 +x
Hence, the point on cmves is (-2, 2).

:: = 2x+ l ⇒ ~•=-l = - 3

l
So the slope ofthe nonnal at (- 2, 2) is
3
I
Hence, the equation ofthe nromal is
3 (x +
2) = y = 2
⇒ 3y=x+ 8

03 1111

Find the equation oftangent to the cmve y =

2x
silr1 - -, at x = ✓3
l+x-

~ Report the question

Solution

2x
Sol. y=sin-1 l+x 2

dy) 2 1
⇒
( -dx x=✓3 = - --=--
1+3 2

TC TC
Also when x= ✓3 , y= -2
3 =
3
Hence, equation of tangent is
TC 1
y-3=-3(x- ✓3)
 04

Find the equation of tangent and normal to

2at2 2at3
the curve x = - -,- , y = - -,- at the
(l + i-) (l + i-)
point for which t = l/2 .

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
[Ans. 13x - 16y = 2a, 16x + 13y = 9a ]
Sol. Given that

2at 2 2at 3
x = (l + t2). y = (l + t2 )

l 2a a
Al 1= 2 , x = s · y = -
5
dx 4at
Also
dt = (1 + 12)2 and

~ 2at 2(3 + t 2)
dt (! + 12)2

~ = dy / dt = _1_ (3+ t2)

1
dx dx / dt 2

When , = _1_~ = _l__l_(3 + _l_ )= ~

2 ' dx 2 2 4 16
lbe equation of the tangent when t =
l
2is

⇒ 13x - 16y = 2a
And the equation of the nonnal is

⇒ 16x + 13y = 9a

"
05

Find the equation of the normal to y = x3 -

3x, which is parallel to 2x + 18y = 9.

~ Report the question

Solution
(Ans. x + 9y = 20 and x + 9y + 20 = 0 ]
Sol The cmve is y = x3 - 3x .. .(i)
TI1e nonual is parallel to the line
2x + 18y = 9. thentheslop eofthenonu al
l I
=- (dy / dx ) =
9 (Slopeofthe line)
⇒
dy = 9 ⇒ 3x2 - 3 = 9
dx
⇒ x = ±2
From equation (i) , when x = 2, y = 2 anc
when x = -2, y = - 2
Hence, the required nonnals are

y - 2 =-(¼)<x - 2) and y + 2 = -(¼)<~

+ 2)
⇒ x + 9y = 20 and x + 9y + 20 = 0

06

Find the length of sub-tangent to the curve y

= exl• .
"
( ~ Report the quest ion )

Solution
[Ans. al
Sol. Here, y = ex/a
. (i)

⇒
~ = e' , _l_
dx a
.. .(ii)
And we know that the length of the sub-
dx
tangent = ydy

= eX'a _a_ = a
ex / a
 U/

Determine p such that the length of the sub-

tangent and sub-normal is equal for the cmve
y = eP' + px at the point (0, I).

( ~ Report the quest ion )

Solution
I
[Ans. p =±
2l
Sol. ~ = peP• + p at point (0, I)= 2p
dx

Sub-tangent = Iy* I· I I
Sub-nonnal = Y~
Given, sub-tangent = sub-nonnal

⇒ ~ =± ! ⇒ 2p =± l ⇒ p=
dx

08

Let x be the length of one ofthe equal sides

of an isosceles triangle, and let q be the angle
between them. If x is increasing at the rate
(1 / 12) m/h, and 8 is increasing at the rate of
n/ 180 radius/h, then find the rate in ni2/h at
which the area of the lliangle is increasing
when x = 12m and 8 = n/4.

~ Report the question

Solution

[Ans.

Sol.
~ I , ,
A=
2 x-sin6 ⇒ 2A = x-sin6

⇒ 2 dA = x 2 cos q ~ + sin e 2x ~
dt dt dt

⇒ 2: =(144)(Jz)1;0+ Jz x2x
I 12rr 2
[2 X J2 = 5✓ 2+✓2

dA 2rr I ✓2rr ✓2
⇒
dt = 5✓ 2 + ✓2 = 5 +2 =

09
Ill
Let f(x) = {- 2, for ~ x < O . Find x
x- + 8, for x~0
intercept of tangent to f(x) at x = 0 .

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
[Ans. - I]

(0¥
Sol.
~ ·
Let y = mx + c be a tangent to f(x)
y = x 2 + 8 for x ~ 0
mx + c= x2 + 8
X 2 - 1llX + 8 - C = 0
(for the line to be tangent D = 0)
nil = 4(8 - c) ... (i)
Again y = -x2 , forx < 0
1llX + C = -x2
D = 0 ⇒ m2 = 4c .. .(ii)
From(i) and(ii), we get
C = 4, m = 4
y = 4x + 4
Put y = 0 ⇒ x= - 1.
 10 1111

Find the point on the curve represented

parametrically by the equations x = 2 In cot t
+ I and
y = tan t + cot t , at which tangent to parallel
to x-axis.

( ~Report thequestion )

Solution
[Ans. (1 , 2))
Sol. x = 2 h1 cot t + I, y = tan t + cot t
Slope ofthe tangent

2 2
~ ) rr = [sec ; - cosec tl =O
( 1
dx t=- - -cosec-t
4
cott t =-"-
4

11 1111

3
. . 4 lx
Aline IS tangent to thecmve f (x) = at
3
the point P in the first quadrant, and has a
slope of2009. 1bis line intersects the y-axis
at (0, b). Find the value of'b'.

( ~Report thequestion )

Solution
82 ·73
[Ans. - ~]

Sol.
(0, b)

4 lx 3
f(x) =
3
f ' (x) =4 tx2
f' Cxl 1,,.y, = 41 x:
41x: = 2009 = 72 · 41

41·73
x; = 49 x1 = 7; Y1 = - 3 -

(x 1 -ct- 7, think!)
Y1 - b
= 2009 ⇒ y1 - b = 7
0
2009 = 73 4 1

b= ~ -7 3 41 = ~ (-2)
3
3
82 ·7
= - --Ans
3

12 1111

Determine a differentiable fi.mction y = f (x)

which satisfies f' (x) = [ftx)]2 and f (0) = -
1
2 . Find also the equation of the tangent at
the point where the cmve crosses the y-axis.

( ~Report thequestion )

Solution

[Ans. - x: ; x- 4y=2 ]
2
f '(x)
Sol. f 2 (x) = I ...(I )

Integrating both sides

Jff/x)
- (x)
dx = Jdx

I
- f (x) =x+C

I
herex = 0 , f(0) =- 2
2= 0 + C C=2
I
f(x) =- x+ .... (2)
2
I
curve crosses the y axis at x = 0, f (0) = -
2
I
and f' (0) =
4 [from(2)]
I I
equationoftangent, y+
2 = 4 (x- 0)
4y + 2 =x
⇒ x-4y=2
 13 1111

Find the equation of tangent to the cmve

✓x + ✓Y = a at x = ~4 .

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution
al
[Ans. x +y= ]
2
Sol. ✓x +Jy = a

At

⇒ ✓Y = a -%=% ⇒ y= ~

slope of the tangent = - I

the equation of tangent is
y-y1 = m(x - x 1)

⇒ y-~=- t( x - ~)

al
x +y= 2

14 1111

Find the equationofnomial to the curve 3x2

- y2 = 8 at a point, where normal is parallel
to the line
x + 3y = 4 .

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution
[Ans. x + 3y = 8, x + 3y = -8]

Sol. 3x1 - y1 = 8 ⇒ 6x - 2y~ = O

⇒ ~=~
dx y
Since nom:ial is parnllel to the line x + 3y = 4,

slope of the nonnal = slope of the line =- ½

slope of the tangent = 3

~ =3 ⇒ x =y

3x2 - y1 = 8 ⇒ 3x1 - x1 = 8
⇒ 2x1 =8 ⇒ x 1 = 4 ⇒ x=±2
At x = 2, y= x =2 andthepoint is (2, 2)
At x = -2, y= x = -2 andthepointis(-2.
2)
equation of the nonnal at (2, 2) is
equationofthenonnalat (-2 , -2) is
y-y1 = (x - x1)
y-y1 = m(x - x1)
I
⇒ y- 2 =- (x - 2)
3
I
⇒ y+2=- (x + 2)
3
⇒ 3y -6 =-x + 2
⇒ 3y + 6= -x - 2
⇒ x + 3y =8
⇒ x + 3y = -8

15 1111

At what points on the curve x 2 + y2 - 2x -

4y + 1 = 0, is the tangent parallel to y-axis?

( ~ Report thequeslion )

Solution
[Ans. (3 , 2)and (- l , 2)]
Sol. The given curve is x2 + y1 - 2x - 4y + I = O
.. .(i)
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get

2x + 2y · ~ - 2 -4 ~ =O

(y - 2)~ = 1 -x ⇒ ~ =~
dx dx y+2
For tangents to be parallel to y-axis.
dy . 1-x
~ 1s undefined ⇒ y _ 2 is undefined
⇒ y=2
Substituting for y in (i), we get
x2 + 4 - 2x - 8 + I = 0
⇒ x2 - 2x -3= 0 ⇒ x=3 , - I
At points (3 , 2) and (- 1, 2), the
tangents to cmve (i) are parallel to y-axis.
 16

Filld the point ou the curve wllere tangent to

tile curve yl- 2x3- 4y +S= 0 passtbroug.h
( I. 2)

Solution
(2.2± 2,/3)]
Sol y1 - 2x3 - 4y+8 - 0

Let a taugeut is drnwu to ,ue curve at point

Q(a. P) ou the curve whid.1 passes through
P(l.2).
Differential.Ilg W.I.I

x. 2y ~ 6xi 4 ~ =0

~ =3x 2
d-.: y-2

Now. slopeoftiue PQ = ~ (Q.~J

p-2 Ju'
~ =p - 2
(jJ -2)2=3n 2 («- I)
.(i)
Also (a. J3)sattsfiestheeq11a1kmortheC\UYe.
⇒ P' -2o.3 - 41} +8 or (P - 2f
- 2u 3 -4 (ii)
From(l) and(ii). Ju 1 (a -1 )= 2al - 4
⇒ a 3 - 3a1 + ..\ • 0 or (a -2)(a~
-a-2)=0 Ol' (o.- 2)" (a + l ) = 0
When « = 2. (l} - 2) 2 = 12 or P = 2
±2.fi
Wheu a= - 1.(l} - 2)1 = - 6(notpossible)
(a. l}) a. (2.2 ±2/3)

17 1111

Show lhflt the straight line x cos a+ y sin a

= p touches the CUI·ve xy = a2 • if p2 = 4a 2

Solution
Let the line lonches the cmve at point P(x1•
y1)on thecnrve
x1 cos« + y1 sin a = p ... (i)
and x1 y1 = a2 ••• (iI)
Differentiating xy = n2 w.r.t . wegel
_<ly_ 'f_
dx x
Now. slope oftlie line = slope of the tangent
1o thecurve n1 P(:x 1. y1)
2'.! COS Ct
X1 sino.
... (m)
Fromequations(i)and(iii), x 1 cos o. +
x 1 cos a=p
2 cos 0: X1 = p and 2 Sill o.yl =

(2 cos a) (2 sin a) (x 1. y1) = p1

p2 = 4a 2 cos o. sino.

18 1111

Find the point on the curves 3x1 - 4y2 = 72

which is nearest to the line 3x + 2y + I = 0.

Solution
[Ans.(-6. 3) J
3x+ 2y + J: 0

Slope of the tvVen line

3x + 2y + l "' 0 is(-¾)
Let us locate the point on the curve m which
the tangent is parallel IO given line.
Differentiatin11; the cmve 011 both sides
w.r.1. 10 x. we~get

6x - 8y~ =O

(~dy) ( X1-Y1 ) =
3x,
4ri=2
3
[sinceparaUel to 3x + 2y + I = OJ

;x, =2 ..(~
Alsothepoint (x 1.y 1)lieson 3x~ - 4f = 72

3x f- 4yf = 72

33xf - 4 = E_ .. .(,)
yf yf
72
3(4) - 4 = fi [ftom(ij)

yf =9 ⇒ y1 = ±3
The required points are (--6. 3) and (6. -3)

Distance (-6. 3) from the gi\·enline

c~1-18+6 + 11
cm 11

anddistanceof(6. - 3) from the given line

= 1-IFJ +l I = -j,& = ✓IJ

Thus. (-6. 3)is the required point.
 19 1111

Ifthe line joining thepoints(O, 3) and (5, - 2) is

C
a tangent to the cmve y=-- , then find the
~ x+l
vah1e ofc?

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. 4 ]
3+2
Sol. Tue equation of the line is y - 3 = _ (x -
0 5
O), i.e., x +y- 3 = 0

c dy ~
y= x+l ⇒ dx =(x+l/
Let the line touches the curve at (a. !3).

⇒ a+ l} - 3 = 0. ( -dy) = -- -c ,
dx a.~ (a+l)"

C
= - l and 13 = - -
a+l
C
⇒ - -, = l or 132 = c or (3 - a)2
(c / !3)"
= =(a+ 1)2
C
⇒ 3 - a=± (a+ l ) or 3 - a =a+ l
⇒ a = l. So. c = (l + 1) 2 = 4

20 1111

Find the equation of the normal to the curve

y = ( 1 + x)Y + sin- 1 (sin2x) at x = 0.

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. x + y - l = 0 ]
Sol. y = (l +x)Y+ sin- 1(sin2 x)
If x = O ;y = l
now y = eYIn( !+ x) + sin- 1(sin2x)
dy
differentiating
dx

= (1 + x)Y[_l__ + /n(l + x) dy]

l +x dx

sin 2x
+ .J1- sin 4 x
put x = 0 and y = l

dy = l
dx
slope ofnormal = - l
y - 1 = - l(x - 0)
x + y - 1=0
 21 1111

Find the point of imersection of the tangents

drawn to the cmTe x2y "' I - y at the poims
where it is intersected by tbecm·ve xy= 1-

Solution
[Ans (0. 1))
S-Ol

(0.l)

I I
y - l + xi y - l+x
solving I +x2 = I + x
x=O or x=l
x - O:y - 1 ⇒ P(O .l)

x-1.y-½⇒ Q ( i.½ )
~
dx

~i
d,; P(O.l )
-o
Tangents : y= I ... (I)

~iQ(1.f)- --;f"_, - -2
dx
I

I I
Du~ll y-2 "" - 2 (x- l )
2y - J =-.,;+] ⇒ ,,;+2y = 2
... (2)
Solving ( l)& (2) poim ofintersected is

1111

TI~nonmlat thepoint P( 2. ½)onrhecurve

xy = I. meetsthecurveagain at Q. If m
is 1heslope o f1hec urveat Q. lhenfind Im
I

Solution
l~- 64 J

Sol

I
Wehaw y • ~

dy - I
~ = ? "' slope of!he tauµnt
slope ofnonnalat P - xi-,i

I I
i' = .L..i = T- t. ___!_- -=-!
r-T ff t-T tT
- ]
T-7. Henceslopeoftheturve at

Q- ?
-I
=r1
-I [
=- ( ~r j__
I
,o

Let t=2
Slope oflhc curve at Q = -2 6 = -64 = m
{GI',e:n)
Hence. 1nQ - f- 641 - 64.

23 1111

If cq11ationof1angeu1 dra\~1! 10 lhe curve y -

f{x) at its poinl P(3 . .5) is.5x - 4y + .5 =Oand

Lim (34f(,l _ z (l +3+3:: + ...... + 319) -lt

,-J l - co~lu(4 - x))

where a a1xl c are p1ll1X' mnubers ru.xl b E

N. theufindthevalue of (~+ b +c).

Solution
[Alls 28 J
Sol Giw11 f( .') .5 and f '(3) ( I)

(I )

J'"'' - ' "]

Lei ! = Litu (~~-~ ( -' fonn )
•~l X-3 0
(Usil]l! L'Hospitafsrnle)

I= Liw (3 4 f(•l/n3)(4f'(x))
•~• 1

(J~f(ll/n3)4f'(J) '0 (' )

• - --- - (J· hl3) ~ 4 -
I 4
- 5(3 201113)
Hence l - 2(5·3~ 0 · tn 3)~ ~ 2(aJblu cf
(Givm)
So. a - 5. b - 20 . c - 3
Hence (a + l,+c) = 5+20 -'- >= 28
 24 Ill
Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12
cc/sec. The falling sand fonns a cone on the
ground in such a way that the height of the
cone is always 116th of the radius of the base.
How fast is the height of the sand cone
increasing when the height is 4 cm

( ~Report thequestion )

Solution
[Ans. 1/48 rr emfs ]
l
Sol. h= - r
6

dh
dt ath = 4cm
dV
dt = 12

V = ½ rrr2h = ½ rr · 36h2 · h = 12 rrh3

dV dh
dt = 36rrh
2
dt
at h =4

25 Ill
A variable 6. ABC in the xy plane has its
otthocentre at vettex 'B' , a fixed ve1tex 'A'
at the 01igin and the third ve1tex 'C' restricted
. 7~ .
to lie on the parabola y= l + .The powt
36
B statts at the point (0, 1) at time t = 0 and
moves upward along the y axis at a constant
velocity of 2 cm/sec. How fast is the area of
7
the triangle increasing when t = sec
2

( ~Reportthequestion )

)
Solution

[Ans. ~ ]

Sol.

1 A
)

When B is at B0 • C is also at B0

"tr = 2 cm/sec
0

7
aftert =
2 sec
~ =?
dt .
B0 moves up by 7 cm

B1 = 8 cm
7x l
also y = 8 cm and y = I +
36
1
7x
S= l + - ⇒ x =6
36

A= ½xr ½x ( I + *) = ½(x + ;: )
1

y =l + 7x l: ~=~~
36 dx 18 dt
2=2_ x 6~ : ~=~
18 dt dt 7
dA I( I +7x- )dx-
-=-
2

dt 2 12 dt

= -I ( I +-
7 x-
36 ) x-6 = -I (22)x-6
2 12 7 2 7

= I Ix %=¥ cm2/sec

26 Ill
Find the intervals of monotonocity of the
fimctionsin[O, 2rr]
f(x) = sin x - cos x in x e [0 , 2 rr]

( ~ Reportthequestion)

Solution
[Ans. I in [O, 3rr/4) u (71t/4. 211] & Din (31t/4 , 7
1ti4) l

Sol

f(x) = sin x - cos x iI1 x E[O.211]

f' (x) = cos x + sin x > 0
f' (x) > O

X E (o}f)
f' (x) > O

[o.¥) &

311 711 2n
4 4
 27 Ill
Find the greatest & the least values of the
following fimctions in the given inte1val ifthey
exi5t.
f(x) = 12x413 - 6x113, x E [- 1, I]

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. Maximum at x= I and f(- 1)= 18; Mininrurn.
at x = 1/8 and f(l/8) = - 9/4 ]
Sol f(x) = 12x413 - 6x113, x E [- 1. J]
2 16x - 2
113
-- J6x - -x 2/3 -- - - --
x2f3 Q

I
f'(x)=O ⇒ x=
8
f(- J) = 12(- J)413 - 6(- J) 113
= 12 + 6 = 18
f(l)= 12 - 6=6

f (½)= 12(½f3 -6(½f = :!-%=

I4 - 3 = -49 mininnun
greatest vah1e f(- 1) = 18

28 Ill
Find the greatest & the least values of the
following filllCtions in the given inte1valifthey
exist.
y = x 5 - 5x4 + 5x3 + I in [- I, 2]

If?) Report the question

Solution
[Ans. 2 & - 10 ]
Sol. f'(x) = 5x4 - 20x3 + 15x2 or f
'(x) = 5x2 (x2 - 4x + 3)
f'(x) = O at x = O, I find f(O), f(l), f(-
1), f(2)

29 1111

If b > a, find the minimum value of I(x -

I I
a)3 + (x - b)3 I, x E R.

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. (b - a)3/4 ]
Hit: for x > b f(x) = (x - a)3 +(x - b)3
f ' (x) = 3[(x - a)2 + (x - b)2] > 0 ⇒ fis i
againfora < x < b f(x) = (x - a)3- (x - b)3
f ' (x) = 3[(x- a)2 - (x - b)2]
or f' (x) = 3[(a2 - 2ax) - (b2 - 2bx)]
= 3[2(b-a)x - (b2 - a2)]
b+a
=3(b - a)[2x - (b + a)]=O ⇒ x= - -
2
b+a b+a
forx < - - , f ' (x) < Oandx > - - , f ' (x) > O
2 2
b+a . I . f ..
⇒ X = -2- IS tie pomt o Minnua

Y,um = Ia ; b - a I' + Ia; b - b I'

= (b - a)' + (b - a)' = (b - a)' ]

8 8 4
 30 1111

Find the set of values of 'a' for which the

fimction,

f{x) =(l - ~a+)

I
x3 +5x +..fi
is increasing at eveiy point ofits domain.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
[Ans. [- 7, - 1) u [2, 3] ]
Hill:

f ' (x) = 3Kx2 + 5 where K = (~ 1 a+1 )

for f{x) to be increasing

f ' (x) > 0 ⇒ K > 0 ⇒ ~ < l

a+!

~ < I
a +1
⇒ 'a'canliein[-7, 3]and ;t-l
ifa E [-7, - 1) ⇒ inequality is alwaystme
if a E (- 1, 3] then 2 1 - 4a - a 2 < a 2 + 2a + I
2a 2 + 6a - 20 > 0
a2 + 3a - 10 > 0 ⇒ (a + 5)(a - 2) > 0
⇒ a > 2 or a < - 5 (rejected)
Hence fis i in [- 7, - 1) U [2, 3]

31 1111

If f (x) = 2e" - ae-" + (2a + !)x - 3

moootonically increases for eveiy x E R then
find the range ofvah1es of ' a '.

( ~ Report the qoeslion )

Solution
[Ans. a ;:;,: 0 ]
Sol f (x) = 2e" - ae-x + (2a + l)x - 3

f' (x) = 2e' + ae-x + (2a + 1)

f' (x) = 2(e" +a)+ e-x (a+ e")
i.e. f' (x) = (e" + a) (2 + e-")
2e" + ae-" + 2a + l
always+ve
e" (2 + e-") + a (2 + e-")
fur e" + a ;:;,:o
a ;:;,: 0

32 1111

(a) Let f, g be differentiable on Rand suppose

that f(0) = g (0) and f ' (x) :<; g' (x) for all x ~
0 . Show that f (x) :<; g (x) for all x ~ 0 .
(b) Show that exactly two real values of x satisfy
the equation x 2 = x sinx + cos x.

( ~ Report thequeslion )

Solution

(a)
lL
Given f' (x) £ g ' (x) and f (0) = g (0)
TPr f (x) :<; g(x) V x ~ 0
consider a fiinction
F (x) = f(x) - g (x)
F ' (x) = f ' (x) - g ' (x) :<; 0

hence F (x) is a decreasing function for x ~ 0

F (x) :<; F (0) V x ~ 0
tut F (0) = f (0) - g (0) = 0 (given)
F (x) :5 0 V x ~ 0
f (x) - g(x) :5 0 V x ~ 0
f (x) :<; g(x)

(b) ~x

Let f (x) = x sin.x + cos x - x2 . .. . (!)

f ' (x) = x cos x + sin x - sin x - 2x
= (cos x - 2) x
⇒ f' (x) < 0 V x E (0, c,:,)
f' (x) > 0 V x E (- <>:>, 0)
⇒ y= f(x) is m :motouicallyincreasingfor x E
(-c,:,, 0)andmonotonicallydecreasingfor x E (0, c,:,)

Lim f( x) = Lim x 2 ( sin x + co~x- 1)

x ➔ ---er., X ➔-<.I) X X-

➔ -<Y.)

Hence as x ➔ ±<>:>
f (x) ➔ -<>:> as x ➔ - <Y.>
Also fis continuous
y = f(x) is continuousfimctionfor x E R
⇒ y= f (x)will
cut the x-axis exactly
twice one root in the
interval (- c,:,, 0) and
other root in the
interval {0,<>:>)
 33 111111

Using LMVT prove that tan x > x in

~ Report the question

Solution

Let flx)=tanx-x
f(b)-f (0)
f'(c)=---
b-0
tanb-b-0
⇒ sec2 c- 1 =
b-0
⇒ tanb-b > O

34 111111

For what value of a, Ill and b does the fiu1ction

3 x =O
2
f (x) = [ - x + 3x + a O< x < I
mx + b ls xs 2
satisfy the hypothesis of the lllean value
theorelllfortheinteival [O, 2] .

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. a = 3, b = 4andm = I]

x=O
2
Sol f (x) = [ ~x + 3x + a O< x < l
mx + b l s xs2

fimction should be continuous in [O, 2] and

for continuous at x = O
f (O) = Linl f(x)
X ➔ O+

3=a a=3
for continuous at x = I
f ( l ) = Lim f (x)
X ➔ l-

lll + b =- ) + 3 + 3
m+b=5 . ...(! )
f(x) should be de1ivable in (0, 2)
for de1ivabilit at x = I
f '(l-) = f'W)
-2 + 3 = m
m = l and m + b = 5
and b=4

35 111111

If f is a continuous fimction on the interval

[a, b] and there exists sollle c E (a, b)
b
f
then provetliat f(x) dx = f(c)(b - a).

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
X

Consider a filllction, g(x) = ff(x) dx

⇒ g ' (x) = f(x)
As f(x) continuous ⇒ g is derivable.
UsingL.M.VT. for gin [a, b] , there exists
some c E (a, b) such that

g , (c) = g(b) - g(a)

b-a
b
Jr(x)dx - 0
⇒ f(c) = ~2 - - - -
b- a
b
So, Jf(x )dx = (b - a) ftc).
 36 1111

Prove the folowing inequalities

~ ~
sin x x tan x \;/ x E [ 0, %)

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
Consider the filllction

flx) = tanx - x, xE [o,%)

Tiien

f'(x) =sec 2 x - 1 = tan2 x > O 'i x E [ 0, %)

⇒ flx) st1iclty increases in [ 0, %)

⇒ flx)~flO) = O
i.e. tan x ~ x which prove the RHI.
Now, consider the filllction

g(x) = x - sin X, x E [ 0, %)
Tiien g'(x) = I - cos x =2 sin2 ( %) > O V

⇒ g(x) stiicltyincreases in [ 0, %)

⇒ g(x)~g(O)=O
i.e. sin x ~ x which proves the LHI.

37 1111

Find the inte1vals of monotoncity of the

following fonctions f{x) = 2x2 - h1 Ix 1-

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution

[Ans. Stlictlydecreases in (- 00 , -½) u ( 0, ½),

st1ictlyincreasesin (-½- )u(½,"')]0

Sol Wehave
flx) = 2x2 - ln Ix I
I
and f'(x) = 4x - -
X

Now, from the sign scheme for f '(x), we

have
+ve +ve
-1 /2 1/2

⇒ flx) sllictlydecreases in ( - co.- ½)

st1ictly increases in (-½- 0)

st1ictly decreases in ( 0, ½)
strictly increases in ( ½-"') .

38 1111

If f{l ) = 0 f'(x) > flx) for all x <'. I, then

prove that f{x) > Olf x > I.

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
We have
f'(x) - f{x) > 0

i.e. ~ {e-•f(x) 0 }>

dx
⇒ e-• f{x) is an increasing filllction V x <'. I
⇒ e-• f{x) > e- 1 fll ) If x E I
i.e. e-• flx) > 0 If x > I
[fll )= O, given]
i.e. flx) > 0 If x > I
[e-• > Olf xER].
 39 Ill
Let f (x) be a increasing function defined on (0,
oo). If f(2a2 +a+ 1) > f(3a2 -4a + 1). Find
the range of a.

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. (0, 1/3) u (1 , 5)]

i •

Sol.
I~
0 1/3
t
1
i

i
!i

t
0
I
1/3
i
5

Since fis defined on (0, oo)

2a2 + a + l > 0 which is Trne as D < 0
also 3a2 - 4a + l > 0
(3a- l)(a - l) > O
⇒ as f is increasing hence
f(2a 2 +a+ 1) > f(3a 2 - 4a + 1)
⇒ 2a2 + a + 1 > 3a2 - 4a + 1
0 > a 2 - Sa
a(a - 5) < 0 ⇒ (0, 5)
⇒ hence a E (0, 1/3) u (I , 5)
possible integers {2, 3, 4}

40 1111

X
Prove that t{x) = - .- is an increasing
S111 X

X
fimction while g(x) = - - is decreasing
tanx
function where
O < x:5:1.

~ Report the question

Solution
Slll X - XCOSX
f '(x) = - - - , - - - g'(x)
sin 2 X
2
tanx - xsec x
2
tan x
Let u(x) = sin x - x cos x, so that u'(x) = x
sin x > 0 for O < x ~ 1. So u(x) > u(O) = 0 .
So f'(x) > 0 for O < x :5: 1. Hence f increases
on (0, 1]. Let v(x) = tan x- x sec2x, so that
v'(x) =-2x sec2x tan x < 0 for O < x ~ 1.
Thus v(x) < v(O), i.e., g'(x) < 0 for O < x
~ 1. So g decreases on (0. 1].
 41

Let ttx)=x.l+ 2xl + x + 5. Show tha1 !lx)

=O hasonlyone realroot a suc h that Lu] =
-3

Solution

- 1/3
\Ve have
f(x) =x3 + 2x 2 + x + 5.xE R and f
'{x) = Jx2 + 4x+ I = (x + 1)(3x + !). x e R
Drn wing the mm:bertine for f'( x). we hiwe
flx) st rictly increases in(-:n, - 1)

s11i city decr eases ll1 ( - I.-½)

stricltyincreasesin ( - ½-cr,)

/
uY
Also, we have
-I - 113

f (- 1) = -J + 2- 1 + 5=5

ruki ~~)=~+¾-½+5=5-~
=4. 85
llie grnph of f(x) (see figi.u·e) sllows that
flx) cuts the X-axisonly once.
Now. we have
f{-3) = -27 + 12 - 3 + 5 = -13
and f(- 2)=-8 + 8 -2 + 5=3
whic h are ofopposite signs. lllls proves tlml
the ctuve cuts the X-axis sonrwliere bet\veeu
- 2 and. - 3
⇒ f (x) = 0 has a roof c:dying between
- 2 and - 3
Hence (a] = - 3.

42 1111

Pro ve tha t 111 ( 1+..!..) >__!_ lix > O

X l+x
Hence, show that the fimctio n flx)

=(!+~)" strictly iucreasesin (O.if').

Solution

Cousiderthefiuiction g.{x) =h1 (1+ _!__X l - _!__

l+x
x> O
-I

11ru g'(x) = ~ + (1/,;)2

'
~ - - 1- + _ I _ _ ~ - --1- ,< 0 V x > O
x(l + x) (l + xt x( l + x)"
g(x) strict!yc\ecreasesin(O, C>'J)
g(x) > ,!-~ g(x) =O

( 'l
!11 I + -
K
>- I
x+J
, whlch
' gr.aes
' the c\esired
' re sul.t.

Now, wc h11vc Qx) ( 1+ ~ ) ' . x > O

[11.Singresuh (l)]
Jlx) s!Jictlyincreases in (0. C>'J).

43 1111

For what values ofo does tl:.e function

«,,-(,,._./-1),, '"'"(%) decr~n .se s

(mt strictly)o11R.

Solution
[Ans. at [- 5. - l)v( J. c,:;) ]

Sol Wehaw f (x)= [ ...i;:! ) x1 - 2x-lu

rn ru,l r·r,1 -,[::'-1), -2 0

For flobedecre asing o nR. we have f'(x)

:<, OV x E R

✓a+5 :s: 1 (I)

I a
Case-I (1 - H> O.i.c H< l )
.Int.-qu,iliy (l) llru reduces10 ,Ja;s 5: l - n
n + 5 :aa1 - 2a - I
a1 -3a- 4 C::. 0
{a + l)(a - 4) C::.0
1.e a <- lora > <I
lutn,ectiou witlrn < I. giv,;,s a £- 1.

Case-II: (1-a < O. i.e. a > I)

lnecjuality(l) is then always true
Taking 1wio11of Case I and Case II . we llaw
ll :a - I ora > I
..... .....(2)

Also . for the expr ession " ~ to be

I- a
defined, we have
a 2 -5anda ~ I (3)
Taki1.1gi:1tei~tiu11 ofi:reqtialitit:s(2)1md (3).
v,elnve
ll E [- 5. - l )v( l. oo)
 44 1111

Find the greatest & the least vah1es of the

following fimctions in the given interval ifthey
exist.

. 1- -
f( x) =sm- . [ -,
X, --h1xm l ✓3]
Mr ✓3

( lf,]Reponthequestion )

Solution
[Ans. (1t/6)+(1/2)h1 3. (1t/3) - (l/2)ln 3 ]

Sol f(x)sin- 1( ~ ) - lnx

vx-+l

~1t x = tan6
tan e
sin-1 sece
= siir 1sine
=6
= tau- 1x
fl:x) = tan- 1x - h1x
I I
f' (x) = J+x2 - ~
I I
f ' (x) = J+x2 -~

I
l +x2 - ~ < O
I
b [i=- ✓3]
ie. f ' (x) < O [i=,13]

I
ie. f(x)max is at x = ✓3

7t I
f(x)min = In ✓3
6-
f(x)minisatx = ✓3

45 1111

Findthernininmrnvalueofthefimction f(x)

= J + xT -4(x + ~) forallpemiissible
real x.

( lf,]Reponthequestion )

Solution
[Ans. - JO]

Sol. ~

f(x) = ( Jx + * J - 3( Jx +* )

_4[( Jx+ * r-2J

Let Jx +* = t(x > O)

~t g (t) = t3 - 31 - 41 2 + 8
mw g(t)= t3 - 4t 2 - 3t +8 where t E [2, oo)
g ' (t) = 3t2 - 8t - 3 = (t - 3)(31 + J)
g '(t) = O t =3 (t;t-1/3)
g"(t)=6t -8
g" (3) = JO > 0
g(3)is minirn.llll
g(3)=27-9-36 + 8=-JO

46 1111

Prove that tan2x + 6 h1 secx + 2cos x + 4 > 6

secxforx E (-¥- , 211).

( lf,]Reponthequestion )

Solution

fr 3n
T
X 2n

tan2x + 6 ln secx + 2cosx + 4 > 6 sec x for

XE(~,27!)
f ' (x) = 2tanx sec2x + 6 tan x-2sin x -6 sec x tan

2sin x 6sin x 6sin x

= cos 3 x + cos x - 2 sin x - cos 2 x
2sin X
= cos' x [I + 3 cos2x - cos 3x -3 cos x]

= 2su1:~s~:osx)' < O

fis!are(¥ , 21t)

f(x) > f➔~ f(x) as x E (¥, 21t ) and

siiix < O
Hence, f(x) > O
 47 1111

Assllllle that fis continuous on [a, b] , a > 0

and differentiable on an open interval ( a, b).
f(a) f(b)
Show that if-a- = b ,
then there exist

Xo E (a, b) such that Xo f'(Xo) = f(XcJ) .

~ Report the question

Solution
f(x)
Consider a fimction g(x)=-
x
as f(x) and x are differentiable hence g (x) is also
difrerentiable
f(a) f(b)
IDW g (a)= -a- and g (b) = -b-

f(a) = f(b)
since
a b
g(a)=g(b)
hence Rolle's theorem is applicable for g (x)
3 some Xo E (a , b)
where g'(x)=O
xf'(x) - f(x)
~n g'(x)= x2 :

48 1111

f(x) and g (x) are differentiable fimctions for

0 s;x s; 2 such that f(O) = 5, g (0) = 0, f(2)
= 8, g (2) = I. Show that there exists a mnnber
c satisfying O < c < 2 and f' (c) = 3 g' (c) .

~ Report the question

Solution
f(0) = 5 ; g(0) ; f(2) = 8, g (2) = 1

F (x) = f(x)- 3g (x) continuous and

differentiable
F(0) = fl:0)- 3g(0)
= 5- 0=5
F(2) f(2) 3g(2)

) H~ce Rolle, i,; applic,bl, on [O, 2]

=8-3=5
:l some c E (0, 2) where f ' (c) = 0
⇒ f' (c) - 3g'(c) ⇒ f ' (c) = 3g' (c)

49 1111

xsin~ for X> O

Consider the ftmction f(x) = { x
0 for x =O
then prove that f'(x) vanishes at infinite number of
points in (0, I).

~ Report the question

Solution
f(O+) = 0 f(O) ⇒ fis continuous at x = 0
'f' is de1ivable in (0, I)
f(O) = 0,

r(½)=o,{½)= o,{¾) =o,.

Using Rolle's theorem f'(x) = 0 for at least one

point in ( 0, ½),(½-½),(½-¾)-
 Ill
Find lllilXllllllll1 value of filuctiou g(x) -

e•' lo g(n+x) (0 5: X :!:. ;"te)

log(e+x)

Solution
/Alli. h1n]
Sol
Since e"' uneasesou[0. '.l()) SOUl!etl0llfl:h 1o

ronsiderf(x) - ~

lo!((e+x)~____.!__- lo~11+x) __!_

f '(x) m (~~e +x)f +

log(e + x) ~(e + x)- (:, + x)log(n + x)

(11 + x)(e+x )(log(e+x)f
Since log ti1111cfo11. isan increas111gliluctio11and e <
;"1 . lo11(e + x) < lo11 (11 + x)
TI1us (e+x)lo11(e+x) < (e+x)lo11(:r+x) <
(n + x) log(11 + x)foraUx > 0
Thus. f'(x) < 0for V x > 0=c::,f(x)decreaseson
(0. <ll)
Het~nn'U111uuvah,e of~x) - ~0)

Ill
Columnl

(A) Tiie leas1valoeo f 'a'forwhich th<'

equ:mon.~ + 1 _:iu~ -a
1.. ~ a1~a~ 011esoh1tion oi1the
imm:a l(0. 11/2)is

(B) Aclosedvesselt apers1oapoiu1bo1h at

ilsropEa1•lilsbottomF 11.ud
is frm:lwithEFwrtical when thed,,pih
oftlieliqui:liuilisxm~tbevohlllll.'
of1heliquidiui1is..,..? (15 - x)cu .nlL
The~th EFis

(C) IfRolle's theoremisapplicabletothe

tiulCli:>n(:,;) • 7(x > O)
ownheinm111(a.b] "1iere a.b E L
1h.,n1he,11ho: of (a 1 + b1)i, eq1ialto

(P) 20

(Q) 13

(R) 10

(S) ?

Solution
(Ans. (A) S :(B) R: (C)P]
Sol

(A) i=-::~t;+ (] ::,:)' •O

1
@IVC'S swx • 3
,-
ootethat f{x) • ~ asx ,o· or.x, T and

betw<:e11!wo na,.ima we tia,-ca n111Ul1111

a,
(B) dx • h(IO-x) • O -}x • O: x • IO

(C) 'IA'
~
Clearly. for f{a) • flb)wheu, a. b e I
So,a lll\1St 1Je2

So , (a+b) • 6

Ill
Col11mnl
xJ/l if x ,:; I
(Al Lerf(x) •[ - (x -i / ifX>l

tlo:n rhen111ubo:rofcril i.alpoills o11

r!o: izraphofthefiuictiou is
(B) Nrn11berofrealsah1tion oftheeq,.111r,o,L
lo~/x+(x- l) lo!;, x • 6 -2x. is
(C) Tlo: runbnof,11kiesofcsuch1ha11he
s1rai~line3.x + 4y • c
touchestl~curvef ~ x+y is

(D) Iff{x) • ! (t-l)dt , J ,:;x,:; 2, then

~Jobalmaxim11m,-ah1eoftls) is

(I') 5

(Q) 4

(R)

(S)

m '

Solution
[Ans (A)R: (B)S: (C)T: (D) Q]
Sol

A. B. Care ti~ 3 criticalpo~llsofy• f(x)

f "(x) • 0fon • 2aadfuilsroe:US1sa1x • 0.

(8) X '"tl4 & 2 Mah a quadruic a,lo~,xand

inrapm tl~rrnrlt •

(C)F
L (
⇒ 32 • 2+y1 or y, - -32 "
=,·-TI
(D) f ' (x) • 2x1 -3x-l 1hisisalwayspos,tive
iu(l.2)
incrcasii~in[i.!]
f(2)will be the~rca1~t,llltre
 53 1111

*.
For a given curved surface ofa right circular
cone when the vohune is maximum, prove that
the semi ve1tical angle is sin- 1

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution

fil
C = Cmved smfaceA.rea = ml
c 2= 1t2r2r-

V = .!_1tr 2 b
3
and P = r2 + h2

V= ½1t (1 2
-
2
b )h
r2 = 12- h2
V(h) = ½rr(l2 h-h3)
V'(h) = ½rr (12 -3112) = 0
I
i= .J3 h ⇒ h= ✓3

h
sine =
1
l
sin0 = ✓3

l
Semi-ve1tical angle 0 = siu- 1 ✓3

54 1111

Of all the lines tangent to the graph of the

6
cmve y = x 2 + , find the equations of the
3
tangent lines ofminiinun and maxinnllllslope.

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
(Ans. 3x + 4y -9= 0 3x - 4y + 9=0]
Sol.

(-1,3/2) (1,312)

~ =- 12[(x2 +3)2- 4x2(x2 + 3)]

=- 12(x2 + 3)[(x2 +3) - 4x2] = 12 · 3(x2 +3)(x2- 1)
elm
Hence dx =O if x= l or - 1

elm
atx= I. dx changessignfrom - veto+ve
elm
at x = - l dx changes sign from +veto - ve

Hence x = - l gives mmrimumslope

x = l gives minim.llll slope

equation oftangents ai-e

y - %=¾ (x + l ): y - %= - ¾ (x + l )

55 1111

Ify= (x~~ ;x~ 4) hasa turuing vahte at(2, - l) find

a & band show that the nulling vahte is a maximm1t

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
[Ans. a= I, b = 0 ]
Sol.

y= ~ h a s ~ = O at(2,- I)
(x-l)(x-4) dx
2
(x - 5x + 4)a -(ax + b)(2x - 5)
dx (x2 - 5x +4) 2
at(2,- l )
2a
- 2a + (2a + b) = 0; b = O+ I = ~ :

a= I
TPT at (2 , - I) we have a maximum
X

y= (x -l)(x-4)
2
(x - 5:x,+ 4) -x (~x - 5) = - x 2 +
4
y' (x - -5x+4)-

(2 +x)(2 -x )
= (x 2 - 5x +4) 2
at x<2 f ' (x) is + ve
x>2 f'(x) is-ve
 Given two points A (- 2. 0) & B (0 . 4) and a
line y=x Find theco--0n.lina1es ofa point M
on this line so that the perimeter ofthe t.
AMBis \east.

Solution
[Ans. (0.0)]

dP ~ ~
~ - ,l x'+ ( x - 4)' • , l x' + (x + 2)'
note that (x- 2) & (x + I) ai e at opposition angular
x- 2 x+ I
T •T " 0
=> XE(- 1.2)
(x-2)' (x+ J)'
x'+(x-4)' • x'+ (x + 2)'
x'- 4x +4 x' - h + l
or 2(x 1 - 4x+8) = 2(x' +2x + 2)

Ill
Let a. p be real numbers with OS a s pand
/ (x) - x1 - (u + Plx + up such that

Jf ( x) dx = I. Find the 11U1..xi11111ru value of

1

Solution

[Ans *81
Sol

Gi\-ei1 1/(x)dx = I

2 ! <x' +uP)d-.. = l

I I
3+ uP - l ⇒ aP - 6:

g(u) = [ f(x) dx

•l[,'-(u•~H]d,
= f-( u +~ ) ~+~

=~-( 00~+ 1)~+¼

I u' I
g'(u)=ii-2 : u=J'6 (u > O)

i(*)- 12~ - 36~'6 -#s

Ill
Find the points of maxilua audmiuima of tlie
function f (x) - sin 2x + 2 cos x. x E [O. 2]
Also cornmeut about the nature ofend points

Solution

[Ans. Maxinia at ., • 6. nm1m~1 al x

~,:
6·" • 3ni2 ;. not ~n extrema .
., c o i~ a poiut of11.1iuiwa. x 3 1n is
apoi111 o (niaxnua ]
Sol

flx) • sin 2x-2 cosx

f"(x) • 2(cos2x-sin .x)
aud f"(.x) = - 2{2!/.Ul 2x +cos.x)
- 2 co n( l +2sin x)
Tuecrilical poiu1s ofllx)aregi\-eu b)

1.e 2sil~ x- sm x - I •O
I.C !IJIU • - 1. 1 2
n 5n 3:i
,.e x• 6·6·2
[x E [0.2nJ. !On~, J

r(\;J-1,,. (~) [1.i,,,%]<0

=> 11111x11m alx • 6

• Ol•worei111-estiga1io11required

To determinethellaltureoftliecriticalpoilt

x~ Tfa .k-tus chcckth•sign o ff'(x) i,

th~ ~
,, lti<mrbood

ofT . We ha1·e

• ~i!'t2l - cos 2h +cos h] > O

(cos 2h < cos hj

~ ~~'~ 2 [- cos2h + cosh] ~ 0

Sine~ f"(x) doe:s 11otd11111f C Sl!(Jl HSX f"''"""
1!You~ 3,:12. heuce x = 3ni2 1s 110t ~n exnem11
,\ nheendpoirn :-:~O. f'( if) ' O
⇒ x•Oisa point of11.1inima
Al theendpoiu1:-:=2~. f·(2ri-) > 0
⇒ :-: ~ 2~isa point of waxnna
 59 1111

Find the greatest and least vah1es offunction

-x - 1:Sx < 0
ftx) = { 2 - ,( x - 1)2 , 0:Sx:S2

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
[Ans. Greatest value 2 and least vah1e does not
exist J

~~
Sol.
-Jt=P----x
From the graph of the fimction shown
alongside, we can see that the greatest value
of the fimction in 2. However, we can see
that as x ➔ 0, t{x) approaches 0 but is not
equal to 0 an hence the least value does not
exist.

60 1111

Find the points of maxima and minima

5

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
[Ans. Maxillla at x = - 2, 3 and mininla at x = 0 ]
Sol.

We have
f(x) = 3x 4 -4x 3 - 36x 2 + 28
Here it is simpler to find the ell.1rema ofthe fimction
g(x) = 3x4 - 4x3 - 36x2 + 28, x E R
Its derivative is
g '(x) = 12x3 - 12x2 - 72 x = 12 x(x2 - x- 6)
= 12x (x + 2)(x-3)
Thus, the c1itical points of g(x) are
x = - 2, 0, 3 (points where g'(x) vanishes).
The fimction f(x) is defined at all these values ofx
since the value of g(x) is not zero at all these points.
Now, from the sign scheme for g'(x), we have
-ve +ve -ve +ve
-2 0
g'(3-) < 0 and g '(3+) > 0 ⇒ minima at x = 3
g'(0-) > 0 andg '(O+) < 0 ⇒ maxillla at x = 0
g '(- 2-) < 0 andg '(- 2+) > 0 ⇒ mininia at x =- 2.
Hence, f(x) attains niaxinia at x = - 2, 3 and minima
at x= 0.

61 1111

Find the least s1u·fuce area ofa closed cylinder

ofa given voltune 167! m3.

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. 24rc 1112 J
Sol. Let r be the radius and h be the height of the
cylinder. According to the given conditi01~ we
liave
rcr2h = 16rc ....... ( ! )
The surfuce area ofthe closed cylinder is given
by
S = 2rcrh + 2m2
1
= 2rcr ( : 2rc ) + 2rcr2

[usingeq. (I )]
32
= TC + 2m-2. r > 0
r
Now, we have
dS - 32rc
~ = - r2- = 4rcr
which exists everywhere in (0, c,,) and
vanishes at points given by
4rcr3 = 32rc
i.e. r = 2.
To find the greatest and least vah1es, we need
to check the values ofS(r) at r = 0,"' and 2.
We have
S(0) = S(c,,) = 0
and S(2) = 24rc .
H~nce, the required least surface area, is 24rc
nr.
 62 1111

Find the points of maxima and minima f{x) =

x ln2 x, x > O.

~ Report the question

Solution

[Ans. Maxima at x = ;rl ,minima at x = l ]

Sol. We have flx) = x /112 x, x > 0
and f'(x) = /112 x + 2 lnx = lnx (lnx + 2)
Tims, the c1itical points of flx) are
x = e- 2 , l
Now, from the sign scheme for f '(x), we
have
+ve -ve +ve
lie'

atx = J.
e-
f'{l-) < Oand f'{l +) > O ⇒ minima atx= I.

63 1111

Firxl the points of maxirna and minima. f{x) =

(x - 2)2/3 + (x + I )2/3

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. Minima at x = ± l , maxima at x = 0
Sol.
We have
f{x) = (x - 1) 213 + (x + 1)213, x ER

and f'(x) = ¾[(x _\)1/3 + (x +\)1/3]

2[(x + 1)1/3 + (x - 1)1/3 ]
3(x + 1)1/\x-l)l/3
llms, the critical poir1ts of f{x) are
x = 0 (poir1ts where f'(x) vanishes)
and x=± I (points where f'(x)dne) .
Now, from the sign scheme for f'(x) , we
have
-ve +ve -ve +ve
-1 0

f'(- 1-) < 0 and f'(- l +) > 0

⇒ minima at x = - l.
f'(O-) > 0 and f'(O+) < 0 ⇒ maxima at x = 0.
f'(l-) < Oand f' (O+) > 0 ⇒ minima atx = I.
Note that f{x) exists at poir1ts x = ± I.
otherwise there is no question ofan extrema
at those points.

64 1111

Consider the polynomial P(x) = a0 + a 1x2 +

a 2 x4 + ............ + a 0 x2n (0 < a0 < a 1 <
a 0 ). Show that P(x) has only one mirllllla.

~ Report the question

Solution
We have
P(x) = a0 + a 1x2 + a2x4 + ......... + a0x20 (0 < a0 < a 1
<············< a. )
and P '(x) = x(2a 1 + 4a2 x2 + 6a 3 x4 + ..
+ 2na x 2n -2)
Tims, ~~e c1itical points of P(x) are
x = O(this is the only point where P '(x) vanishes) .
Also, we have
P ' (O-) < 0 and P '(O+) ⇒ minima at x = 0.
 65 1111

fl:x) isa cubic fonction with fl:l) = - 6, fl:- 1)

= 10, and has maxima at x = - 1. Also, f'(x)
has minima at x = 1. Find flx) .

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans . . f{x) = x3 - 3x2 - 9x + 5]
Sol. Let f{x) = ax3 + bx2 + ex + d
then f'(x) = 3ax2 + 2bx + c
and f"(x) = 6ax + 2b
Now using the given conditions, we have
f"(l) = 0, i.e. 3a + b = 0 ..... .. (1)
f'(- 1) = 0, i.e. 3a - 2b + c = 0 ....... (2)
f(l) = - 6, i.e. a+ b + c + d = - 6 ....... (3)
and f{- 1) = 10, i.e. - a + b - c + d = 10
...... .(4)
Solving the above equations (I) - (4), we
have
a = l , b =- 3, c =- 9andd = 5.
Hence, we have f{x) = x3 - 3x2 - 9x + 5.

66 1111

Let f{x) = .'.!_ + x2 !fit has a maxinmm at x = 3, then

X
find the value ofa.

~ Report the question

Solution

[Ans. - 54
a
Sol. f'(x) = -+2x
x2
For f'(3) = 0, a= -54

67 1111

X
Discuss the extrema of fl:x) = - - - - , x
l+xtanx

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. Only point ofmaxima ]

y y =x
Sol.

···- l ···················f··········-·····

l - x 2 sec 2 x
f'(x)-
- (l+xtanx)2

sec 2 x(cosx + x)(cosx - x)

{I+ x tanx)2
Clearly f'(Xo) = 0 and f'(x) > 0 V x E
(0, Xo)

f'(x) < 0 V x E ( x0 . ~ ).

Thus, x = "o is the only point ofmaxima for y

= f{x) .
 68 1111

3 2
x + x_ + I Ox, x < 0
Let f(x ) = { -3smx, x :;,: o ·
Investigate x = 0 for local maxima/minima.

( ~ Repon the q,estion )

Solution
[Ans. Local maxima]
Sol Clearly f(x) is continuous at x = 0 as f(O)
= f(O-) = f(O+) = 0
f'(O-) = Lim f( - h) - f(O)
h➔O - h
3
= Lim - h + Ii2 - IOh - O JO
h ➔O - h

= Lin1 - 3sinh =-3

h ➔O h
Since f'(O-) > 0 and f'(O+) < 0, x = 0 is the
point oflocal maxinia.

69 1111

Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree 5 having

extremum at x = - 1, I and

Lim ( P(x) _
x➔O X3
?) =
-
4 . If M and m are the

maximtllll and mininmm vah1e of the fimction

2
y = P ' (x) on the set A = Hx + 6 '.": 5x }

Ill
thenfindM .

( ~ Repon the q,estion )

Solution
[Ans. 6 ]

Sol Wehave Lim(P( x) _ 2 )= 4

x ➔O 3
X

~~P(~) =6
X

Consider P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + 6x 3

⇒ P'(x) = 5ax4 + 4bx3 + I 8x2
Now. P'(- 1) = 0 gives 5a - 4b = - 18
and P'(l ) = 0 gives 5a + 4b = - 18
Ou solving, we get
- 18
a= ,b=O
5
Hence P(x) = -!8 x
:,
5
+ 6x
3

⇒ P'(x) =- 18x4
+ 18x2 = 18(x2 - x 4 )
and P"(x) = I 8(2x - 4x3) = 36(x - 2x 3 )
⇒ P"(x) = 36x( I - 2x2)

Also A= ~ Ix 2 + 6 :5 5x }
gives [2, 3]
X E
Clearly P"(x) < 0 '</ x E [2, 3]
So, y = P'(x) is decreasing fouctiou in [2,
3]
M = P~1., (x = 2) = 18(4- 16)
= - 18 X J2
and m = P,~ (x =3 ) = 18(9 -8 1)
=-18 X 72
Ill - J8 x 72
Hence M= - I 8 x 12 = 6

70 1111

Find the maxinmmperimeter of a t1iangle on

a given base 'a' and having the given ve1tical
angle a.

( ~ Repon the q,estion )

Solution

[Ans. Pmax =a (l + cosec f) ]

Sol

P =a+ x +y

Now ~ = ~ = __ Y_
siu a siu0 siu(0 +a)

a siu0
x= ~

a sin(0 + a)
y= ~

a
P =a + -:-- (sin 0 + sin (0 + a))
sm a
dP a
d0 = sin a (cos0 + cos(0 + a))= 0
⇒ cos(0 + a)= - cos0 = cos(ll - 0)
TT - a
20 + a= 7l ⇒ 0=
2 ,

p = a( l + cosec ~)
max 2
 71 1111

If ~_!11 f(x) = ~_!l![f(x)] (a is a finite

quantity), where [·]denotes greatest integer

fi.rnction and f (x) is a noncmistant colllinumis
fi.rnctiou, then prove that fl:x)haslocalmaxima
x=a.

( ~Reponthequestion )

Solution

Clearly ~~;l[f(x)] isanintegerandLHLand

RHL should be same for existence of

~~;lf(x)
Let ~~;l[f(x)] = n (n E I)

Clearly LHL and RHL both should be just

greater than n as f(x) is cont. at x = a
:. f{x)haslocalminimmnatx =a

72 1111

A functi on f is defined by f (x)

= fcost cos(x - t )dt , 0 :,; x :,; 2rr then find

0
its mininmm vah1e.

( ~Repon the question )

Solution

[Ans. - ~l

Sol. f(x) = lcostcos(x-t)dt ... (I)

= l- cos t ·cos( x-rr+ t)dt

(using King)

l
f(x) = cos I ·cos(x + t)dt .. (2)

( 1) + (2)gives

2 f(x) = lcos 1(2 cos x ·cos t)dt

f (x) = cos x l 1
cos t dt = 2 cos

rr/l
x [ cos 1 tdt

rr cos x
f(x) = - - Now verify. Only(A) &
2
(B) are co1Tect.
Altemativelv: Convert the integrand into sum of two
cosinefilllctions.

73 1111

From a fixed point Aon the circumference of

a circle ofradius 'a', let the perpendicular AY
fall on the tangent at a point P on the circle,
prove that the greatest area which the ~ y

can have is 3 ✓3 ~
8
sq. units.

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution

In rectangle PYAM PY = AM
and AM = x = a sine from dAMO and
h = OP - OM = a - a cos6
I
AI·ea of dAPY = lu x
2
A(6) = 1{6) = ½a1 ( I - cos 8)(sin 8)
1{8) = ½a1 ( I - cos 8) sin 8
f '(8) = ½a1 [cos 8 (I - cos 8) + sin1 8)
=O
cos8 - cos 28 + sin 28 = 0
cos 8 - 2cos18 + I = 0
2 cos18 - cos8 - I = 0
2 cos 28 - 2 cos8 + cos8 - I = O
(2 cos 8 + I) (cos 8 - I ) = O
I
cos8 = - or cos 8 = I
2
2rr
8= - 8 = 0 (Reject )
3

A (8) = _!_al ( 1+_!_) q !J_ =

3✓3 31 .
2 2 2 8
 74 1111

Show that for each a > 0 the function e-•x _

x•' has a maximum vah1e say F (a), and that
F (x) has a minimum value, e-<12.

( ~ Repon thequestion )

Solution
ftx) = e-•x · x•'
2
f'(x) = - ae-•x x• + a 2 x•--1 -e-ax = 0
2
e-•x x• -1 ·
a[- x + a] = 0
x=O or x=a
f '(a-) = > 0
f '(a+) = < 0
hence max. at x = a,
nowfta)= max. ftx)
i.e. fta ) = c-•2 . a•2

Minimise ftx)

75 1111

Find the positive value ofkfor the value of

rr/2
the definite integral JIcos x - kx Idx 1s
0
minimised

( ~Reponthequestion )

Solution

[Ans. k = -2/i. co{ - 7!) ]

7! 2/i.
Sol.
k

osx

"'2

For some a E (0, rr/2)

kx = cosx
ka = cos a
cos a
k = -;;-

a ;r/ 2

= {(cos x- kx)dx + !(kx - cosx )dx

= sinx -
~=r+
kxl .
- smx
I.,,
a
210 2
2 2 2
= ( sin a - ka ) + ( krr - 1) - ( ka - sin a )
2 8 2
2
l(a) = 2 sin a - ka 2 + k; - I

putting k = coas a

l(a) = 2 sin a - a cos a + f co:• - I

I ' (a) = 2 cos a - [cos a - a sin a]

+ ~[-asin a.,- cosa]

8 .-
lt l
= (cos a + a sin a) - "s;;T (a sin a + cos a)

I '(a) =(cos a + a sina) [ l - f ]

for1111xirnaandminima l '(a) = 0
n I
s"7 = I (as cos a + asin a ;t 0)

7!
I ' (a) < 0 and a > .fi. .
2
I '(a) > 0 irinin11
cosa
now for k = -;;- :

2
k= .fi. co{ _'.:_)
7! 2.fi.

76 1111

The value of'a' for which f(x) = x3 + 3 (a -

7)x2 + 3 (a 2 - 9)x - I have a positive point of
maximum lies in the interval (a1, llz) u (a3 ,
a4 ) . Find the value ofa 2 + l la 3 + 70a4 .

( ~Repon thequestion )

Solution
[Ans.320]
Sol. f' (x) = 3[x2 - 2(a - 7)x + a2 - 9]
for +ve point ofmaxima both roots off' (x) =
0mustbe + ve
Hencesmn > 0: product > 0 and
D>0
thisgives

Q E (-w,-3) u(3,¥-)
Hence a2 + lla 3 + 70a4 =- 3 + 33 + 290 =
320 Ans.
 77 1111

Find the greatest lateral surface area of a

cylinder that can be inscribed inside a given
sphere.

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. 27ra
Sol.

Let x be the radius and 2y be the height of the

cylinder. From the figure we can see that
x2+ y2 =a2 ......... (!)
where a denotes the radius of the given
sphere. nae
lateral surface area oftlie cylinder
is given by
S = 2rrx · 2y
= 4rrx · .Ja2-x2 , o s, x s, a.
Now, we have

dS = 4rc [✓al -x2 - ~]

dx ,Ja2-x2

4rc(a 2 - 2x 2)
.Jai-xi
which exists everywhere in (0, a) and vanishes
a
at x = ✓2 only. To find the greatest and least

values, we need to check the vah1es ofS(x)

a
at x = 0, a and ✓2 . We have

S(0) = S(a) = 0

S("L1;-; 2) ~
and = 4rr ✓2 a t--2
= 2rca.
Hence, the required greatest surface area, is
2rca .

78 1111

Consider the function represented

parametrically as
x = at 2 , y = 2at
Find the point Mon the above curve which is
nearest to the point (lla, 0).

~ Report the question

Solution
[Ans. (9a, 6a) and (9a, - 6a) ]
Sol The distance I between any point on the
given curve and ( 11 a, 0) is given by
12=(at2 - lla)2 + (2at - a) 2
=a 2 [(t2 - 11 )2 + 4t 2] , t ER
Now, we have

d(t 2 )
dt = a2 [4t(t 2 - II) + 8t] = 4a2t (t 2 - 9)

= 4a 2t(t
+ 3) (t - 3)
which exists eve1ywhere in Rand vanishes at
t = 0, ±3. To find the greatest and least vah1es,
we need to check the values of 12 (t) at t = 0,
± 3, ± oo. We have
12 (0) = a 2 [(0 2 - 11)2 + 4 . 02] = 12la2
12 (- 3) = 12(3) = a2 [(3 2 - I 1)2 + 4 · 32]
= 40a 2
12 (- oo) = 12 (+ oo) = ± oo.
Thus, the least value of 12 is at t = ± 3.
Hence, there a.re two points on the given
cmve which a.re nearest to the point ( !la, 0),
 i<<tlidl'~"""':"
" ' N1 + b •l. 1.b >O!hon

.,.......,,,...""°''';t ;, i•I ½

l <I OlnXl•IOOS <i< ,'2

y •D ~nxl• l<:<>HI]
=> y•l
P(2,1)
•' • )" •5

-.1A1, 10.0J,l8l•lr,,l.(CJ ,(r,01.IDl>MI

Sol. <•J \•)"' """"""'""_,. d -- ! (O) • f(,)
- -· -· ·..,,..,,-,UA'IT
CG.I ~~l • - 1.~•1 •0. !( ' ·>• 1
•1•1'•""-" ""'

,,,.u.,r ... ~~-"'-

_,,. ...,~-= .. . LWhnd
<!) 1,;, - 0

••• •0,f(,)n""'~" " -

......,, .. - """""""""""'u,Mam--.

.,_.... ,,""""'"'
w• roct...i, ;, ....,nDN M lal ~

&,-,,olm";"'-"" """
"' '""" """''""'' ;'
(B) The V"""1eol0!"""'1c,.M"

"""""""'"""""""'"°"'
0,.. '/2 ' .,

~ --
\t))Th< - , o l • ~ o l

...

T-BP • T
PS • 2...,.,. • ~

o,e. . of _ ,, ,;l(<·•I•
: •'i« - l • >•O

............... !; z. . ,,.-,
8-ol...,....,, ..... . , 2

i -s- -7-~i-'
Fon.. ~ S.••lono 1... s111C:.

,, . ,. _,.,,,o
l>-lY• y' • 1a,0« C• il,OI
~ -Pi~-•l

·- ·-""'8,0 • ·--

«•1• •••20
•l ,0 (:!oM• •"'+I
 82

Curve y2 =4ax and y =e 2a are orthogonal curves.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. True
dy 2a
Sol. y 2 = 4ax ⇒ dx y

-x -x
-1 -
y = 8 2a ⇒ _dy = _2a 8 2a
dx
-1
=-
2a
y

Product of slopes = ( ~ ) ( ;! ) = - 1

83

2
. 2x -1 . .th . .
The f unction y = - -4
- 1s ne1 er increasing nor
X
decreasing.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. True

2X2 -1
Sol. y= is even funciton.
x4
Even function is nonmonotonic.

84

The function x 100 + sinx -1 is strictly increasing in

[O, 1)

~ Report t he question

Solution
Ans. True
Sol. Let f(x) = x100 + sin x - 1
f'(X) = 100X99 + COSX > 0, XE [0, 1)
⇒ f(x) is increasing.
 85 1111

If f(x) is strictly increasing real function defined on

Rand c is a real constant, then number of solu-
tions of f(x) = c is always equal to one.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. False
Sol. If range of f(x) is not Rand c does not belong to
range of f(x) then it is not necessary to have one
solution.

86 1111

Let f(x) = x ; x e (0, 1 ). f(x) does not has any

point of local maxima/minima

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. True
Sol. f '(X) = 1 > 0
f(x) is increasing
f(O), f(1) is not defined. Hence no local maxima/
minima.

87 1111

f(x) = (3 - x) e2x -4x ex-x has maxima at x = 0.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. False
Sol. f'(x) = (5-2x) e2x -4(x + 1) ex-1
f"(x) = (8 - 4x) e2x- 4(x + 2) ex
f'"(x) = (12- 8x) e2x-4(x + 3) ex
f'(X) = (16-16X) & x-4(4 + X) ex
fV(x) = (16-32x) e2x-4(5 + x) ex
Clearly f'(O) = f"(O) = f"'(O) = fiV(Q) = 0
and fY(O) * 0 ⇒ x = 0 is not a point of maxima.
 88 1111

A cylinder of a given volume which is open at

the top, has minimum total surface area when
its height is equal to the radius of its base.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. [True]
Sol. 21trh + nr2 = S
V = 1tr2 h

2
v-- 2
nr (S
---nr-)
2nr
Figure

1 (S-31tr 2)
dV= -
-
dr 2

dV
dr =0 at S = 31tr 2
2nrh + nr2 = 31tr 2
h =r

89 1111

Thenormaltothecurve 5x5 -10x3 + x + 'Ly +6 = 0

at the point P(O. -3) is tangent to the curve at the
point(s)____.

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
Ans. (1 . -1) . (-1 . -5).
Sol. Differentiating, 25x' - 30x2 + 1 + 2y' = O

1
At P(O, - 3), y' = -
2
The normal at P is y + 3 = 2x
Eliminating y with the given equation
=
X(X 2 - 2)2 0 ➔ X 0, 1, - 1 =
The line is tangent at (1 , -1) and (-1 , - 5).

90 1111

The slope of the tangent to the curve

x = t2 + 31 - 8, y = 212 - 21 - 5 at point (2, - 1)
is _ __

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
Ans. 6/7

Sol. X = t' + 31 - 8 ⇒
dx = 21 + 3
dt

y=2t' - 2t - 5 ⇒
dy = 41 - 2
dt
t' + 31 - 8 = 2 & 212 - 21 - 5 = - 1
12 + 31 - 10 = 0 & 12 -1-2=0
(t + 5)(1 -2) = 0 & (t - 2)(1 + 1) = 0
t = 2, - 5 & t = 2, - 1
t=2

dy = 41 - 2 = ~
dx 21 +3 7
 91 1111

A kite is 300 m high and there are 500 m of cord

out . If the wind moves the kite horizontally at
the rate of 5 km/hr. directly away from the person
who is flying it, the rate at which the cord is
being paid is ___ .

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. 4 km/hr

Hint: f2 = x' + y' ⇒ 2e-dt = 2x-

dx ( -dy = O) J
dt dt dt

Sol.

Figure
From figure z' = x' + y'
dz dx
zdl = X di
If z =500 then x =400
⇒ 500 :~ = 400(5)
dz
⇒ di =4

92 1111

Let f be the function f(x) = cosx - ( 1- x; ) then

f(x) is increasing in the interval _ _ _ .

~ Report the question

Solution

Ans. (0, 00).

Sol. f' (x) z O
⇒ -sin x + x z O
⇒ x z sin x
⇒ x e[O, 00)

93 1111

(sin-' x + tan-' x) r
If f(x) = ~ - - - - ~ + 2 ,ix then the range
7t

off(x) is _ _ .

~ Report the question

Solution

Ans. [o,¥]
df( x) _ ( - 1 - + _1_) 1 2
Sol. dx - J 1-x 2 1+ x 2 ; + 2✓x

Domain : 0 ,; x ,; 1,
at x = 0 f(x) = 0,
at x = 1 f (x) = (sin-• 1 + tan- 1 1) I " + 2..fi

7t 7t
-+- 11
= 2-..! + 2 =
7t 4

f(X}E[0•¥]
 94 1111

The minimum and maximum v alues of y in

4x 2 + 12xy + 1Oy' - 4y + 3 = 0 are respectively
and

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
Ans. 3, 1
Sol. (2x)2 + 2.2x . 3y + (3y)' + (y-1 ) (y-3) = O
⇒ (2x+3y)2 + (y-1 ) (y-3)=0
As X e R
So D ;;: 0
144y'-1 6 (1 0y'-4y + 3 ) ;;: a
16 [-y' + 4y-3] ;;: O
y'-4y + 3 ,; O
(y-1 ) (y-3) ,; Q

1 ,; y,; 3
So Ym., = 3 and Ym• = 1

95 1111

A light shines from the top of a pole 50 ft. high.

A ball is dropped from the same height from a
point 30 ft. away from the light. How fast is the
shadow of the ball moving along the ground
1/2 sec. later? [ Assume the ball falls a distance
s = 16 t 2 ft. in' t ' sec. ]

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
Ans. - 1500 fUsec

Sol.

Figure

y = 50 -16t 2

So dy = -32t
' dt

y 50
tan0= -= - -
x 30 + x

⇒ Y(3:~J
= X

~=~~
dt dx dt

1500 dx
= (30 + x)2 ·di

⇒ ~ =-16 (375)2
dt 1500
= - 1500 fUsec .

96 1111

If in a triangle ABC , the side 'c' and the angle

'C' remain constant , while th e remain ing
elements are changed slightly, show that

da db
- - + - - = O.
cos A cos B

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
Sol. From sine rule
a= 2 R sin A
b = 2 R sin B
c = 2 R sin C

---;-- =2R is constant.

sine
Differentiating other relations, we
obtain
da = 2R cos A dA
db = 2R cos B dB

⇒ ~ + ~ = 2R (dA + dB )
cosA cosB
A+B+C=rr
⇒ dA +dB= 0

⇒ ~ + ~=O
cosA cosB
 97 1111

Find equation of line which is tangent at a point on

curve 4x3 = 27 y 2 and normal at other point.

( ~ Repon thequestion )

Solution
Ans. y = Ji x-2Ji ,y=-,Ji x+2,Ji
Sol. Parametric form of curve is
X = 31 2 , y = 213

~
dx

Let P(3tr
=t
~
21n . 0(3t~ . 21~ )
Conditions are

(I) (¥.IJ (¥.IJ=-1

(II) ¥. le = Slope of line segment PQ

t, ½ =-1 ..(i)

t = 3_t~ + t,t 2 + t~
.. (ii)
1 3 t, + t,

3(-1 + t,2) = 2(1~ -1 + t f)

t 2 = _3__ + 1
1
tf
t, 2 = 2, -1

= Required line is y = Ji x - 2 Ji

lft1 =- ✓
2 ,
1 (3 1)
t2 = 7-f. = P(G,-4,Ji ), Q 2•7-i.

= Required line is y = - Ji x + 2 Ji

98 1111

The tangent to curve y = x - x 3 at point P meets

the curve again at Q . Prove that one point of
trisection of PO lies on y-axis. Find locus of
other point of trisection

( ~ Repon thequestion)

Solution
Ans. y = x - Sx 3
Sol. Equation of tangent at P(h1, k1 )
(y-k 1 ) = (1-3h12 )(x -h 1 )

~(h ,, k1 ) p '
,.k,)

Figure

since it passes through Q

(k2 -k 1 ) = (1-3h,')(h2 -h 1 )
(h 2 - h,3 -h 1 + h,3) = (1 -3h 12 ) (h 2 -h 1 )
(h 2 - h 1 ) - (h2 - h1 ) (h 2 2 + h 12 + h 1h2 )
= (1 - 3h,') (h 2 - h1)
1-h2 2 -h 12 -h 1h 2 = 1 -3h,' (·: h 1 = h2 )
2h ,' -h,' - h1 h2 = 0
2h,' -2h 1h 2 + h1h2 - h 22 = 0
(h 1 - h2)(2h 1 + h2) = 0
= h2 = - 2h 1 ( ·: h 1 x h,)
k 1 = h 1 -h ,3
And k2 = h2 - h,3
= -2h 1 - (-2h1 )3 = - 2h 1 + 8h,3

h2 +2h1 k2+2k1 )
M1 ( -
3
- ,- -
3
= (0, 2h,3)

h,+2h2 k1+2k2 ) 3
M2 ( , = (-h 1, - h 1 + Sh 1 )
3 3
Locus of M2
- h, = X = h, = - X
And - h1 + Sh 13 = y = y = x - Sx 3

99 1111

213 213
Tangent at any point on the curve x + y =
a 213 meet the coordinate axes at P and Q. Find
locus of mid point of PQ .

( ~ Reponthequestion )

Solution
Ans. 4 (x 2 + y= 2) a2

Sol . ¾x -11 3 + ¾y-11 3 y' = 0

' _ y1l3
y --'x173
Equation of tangent :
11 3
(y- y,)=-(~) (X-X1 )

P(y.i213 X1113 + X1 . 0)
ct P(a213 X1 113 . 0 )
and Q(0 , 8 213 y 113)
1
Let the mid-point of PQ be (h, k).
2h
= 8 213 . x,113
2k = a 21J Y, 113
4h2 4k 2
Locus of (h,k) be ; +
84 3
F3 = a213
Required equation 4x 2 + 4y2 = a2
 100 1111

Find the set of values of p for which the equation

I en x I - px = 0 possess three distinct roots.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. p e (0 , 1/e )
Sol. ll nx l = px
It is sufficient to find values of p for which
y = 1enxl and y = px has three points in common .
If y = px is passing through points 0 , A, B then
we obtain three roots.

¥ Figure

Let us consider line y = px. When it is passing

through points 0 , P. (tangent)
Let P (a , pa) (a> 1)
pa = ll nal
pa = I na ..... (1)

~ - .!
dx x

1
p =-;; .... .(2)

(1), (2) ⇒ a =e

Slope of tangent (OP) is ~ .

For three roots condition is O < p < ~ .

101 1111

Find the equation of the common tangent to the

parabolas y = x 2 + 4x + 8 and y = x 2 + 8x + 4 ,
also find the coordinates of point of contact.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. y =B x + 4; point of contact (2, 20) and (0, 4)
Sol. Any point on y = x2 + 4x + 8 is P(h,h2 + 4h + 8).

~P = 2h + 4

Tangent at Pis (2h + 4) x - y = h2 - 8.

It is sufficient to have only one solution for
equations y = x2 + ax + 4, y = (2h + 4)
X + 8 - h2
x2 + (4 - 2h) x + h2 - 4 = 0
D=O
(4 - 2h)2 -4(h 2 -4) = 0
h=2
8x -y+4=0
coordinates of point of contact are (2, 20) and
(0, 4 )

102 1111

In the curve x• yb = K•+b, prove that the portion

of the tangen t i nt ercepted between t he
coordinate axes is divided at its point of contact
into segments which are in a constant ratio .
(All the constants being positive ).

~ Report the question

Solution

Sol. axa-1 yb + x• byt>--1 :~ =O

dy ay
dx = - bx
Any point on curve be P(h , k)
Tangent at P is

ak
y - k = - bh (x - h)

(a + b)h )
x-intercept ( - - a - .0

y-intercept ( 0, (a +bb)k )

Ratio in which P divides intercepts is

(a + b)h _h
a b
h-0 a
 103 1111

Using Reile's theorem show that the derivative

x sin ~ for x > O

of the function f(x) = { x for x =
0 0

vanishes at an infinite set of points of the interval

(0 , 1 ).

~ Report th e question

Solution
Sol. f(x) =0 => sin .':X = 0 => .':X =nrr
1
⇒ x=r, , n e N

1 1
x = ········ n ' n - 1 ' · ····· 3 ' 2 ' 1·

Consider interval [ n: 1, ~ ]

By Reile's theorem f'(x) vanishes at least once in

Infinite number of such intervals are there. Hence

f '(x) vanishes at infinite number of points in (0, 1)

104 1111

A function f is differentiable in the interval O,; x ,;

f(x)
5 such that f(O) =4 & f(5) =- 1. If g(x) =x:;:-:,,
then prove that there exists some c e (0, 5) such

5
that g '(c) =-
6.

~ Report th e question

Solution
Sol. Clearly g(x) satisfies condition in LMVT
g(S) - g(O)
⇒ _ =g'(c), ce(0,5)
5 0

f(S) _ f(O)
6 1 = g'(c)
5

5
-6 = g'(c)

105 1111

Let f(x) and g(x) be differentiable functions having

no common zeros so that f(x) g '(x) "' f '(x) g(x).
Prove that between any two zeros of f(x) , there
exist atleast one zero of g(x).

~ Report th e question

Solution
Sol. Let two consecutive zero of f(x) be a and b
= =
f(a) O f(b). If possible, suppose g(x) has no
f(x )
zero. Define <p(x) = g( x)

<p(x) satisfies conditions in Rolle's theorem,

=> $'(c) = 0 for at least one c e (a, b)
=> f '(c) g(c)-f(c) g'(c) = 0
Which is a contradiction to given condition
f(x) g'(x) = f'(x) g(x)
Hence our supposition that g(x) has no zero is wrong
=> g(x) has at least one zero.
 106

f is continuous in [a, b) and differentiable in (a,

b) (where a > 0) such that af(a) =

f(b)
b '
Prove that there exist x 0 e (a , b) such that

f(X )
0
f'(X0)= Xo '

~ Report the question

Solution
f(x)
Sol. Let g(x) = - ,x E [a, b]
X
By Rolle's theorem, g'(x0 ) = 0
f '(x 0 )x 0 - 1.f(x 0 )
⇒ =O
x~

f(Xo)
⇒ f'(x )= - -
o Xo

107

If cj,(x) is a differentiable function 'v x e Rand a e

R• such that cj,(0) = cj,(2a), cj,(a) = cj,(3a) and cj,(O) "
cj,(a) then show that there is at least one root of
equation cj,'(x +a)= cj,'(x) in (0, 2a)

~ Report the question

Solution
Sol. Let f'(x) = $'(x + a)-f(x)
=> f(x) = cj,(x + a)- <j,(x) + k
f(0) = <j,(a)-<j,(0) + k
f(2a) = <j,(3a) - <j,(2a) + k
=> f(0) = f(2a)
By Rolle's theorem on (0, 2a], f'(c) = 0 for at least
one c e (0, 2a)
=> $'(x + a)= $'(x) has at least one root in (0, 2a)

108

If f : [O, o, ) ➔ R is the function defined by

x2 -x2
e -e
f (x) = , , , then w hether f(x) is injective
ex + e-x

ornot.

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. Injective

2x( e-' + e--' )( e-' + e-•')

- (e" - e-•' )(2xe•' - 2xe--' )
Sol. f'(x) = -----'-----'-=------'-
(e-' + e--' )'

2x((e' 2
+e-•
2
)'-(e' 2
- e-•
2
n
( e•2 +e-•2f

Bx
= 2 ;, O Xe [0, "')
(e' +e-•')
2

=> f(x) is increasing

=> f(x) is injective.
 109 1111

Find the set of value(s) of 'a' for which the function

ax 3
f (x ) = + (a+ 2) x 2 + (a - 1) x + 2 possess
3
a negative point of inflection .

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. (- ct), - 2) u (0, ct) )
Sol. f"(x) = 2ax + 2(a + 2)

a+2
Point of inflection is x = - - -
a
a+2
- - - <0⇒a E (-Y.>, -2) u (0, ct))
8

11 0 1111

Let f' (sinx ) < O and f" (sin x ) > 0, 'I x E ( O, %)

and g(x ) = f(sin x) + f(cos x) , then find the inter-
vals of monotonicity of g(x).

~ Report the question

Solution

Ans. Increasing when x e ( j ,%) ,decreasing when

Sol. COS XE(0. 1)

=> f'(cos x) < O. f"(cos x) > 0

f '(sin x) f'(cos x) )
g'(X) = sin X cos X ( ~ - ~ .

f '(t )
Consider <!>(!)=
1 , I e (0, 1)
f "(t)t - f'(t)
$'(!) = --t2--

f" (sin x) > 0 => f "(t) > 0

f '(sin x) < 0 => f'(I) < 0
=> $'(!) > 0 t E (0, 1)
<j,(t) is increasing.

For x e ( 0, ¾)cos x > sin x

<!>(cos x) > <!>(sin x)

f'(cosx ) f'(sin x)
--- > - -
cosx sinx
=> g'(x) < 0 => g(x) is decreasing

Simila~y, for x e (4",2") g(x) is increasing

11 1 1111

Prove that e"+ J1 + e 2x 2: (1 +x)+ h+2x+x 2

'I XER

~ Report the question

Solution

Sol. Let <j>(x) =x + •h + x2

X
cj,'(x) = 1 + ✓1+ x2
If X < 0 , -lxl = X

~ - lxl
cj,'(x) = ✓1 + x2

~ -& >O
✓1+x 2
lfx > 0, cj,'(x) > 0
Hence <j>(x) is increasing
As we know e' ;, x + 1 ⇒ <j>(e');, <j>(x + 1)

ex+ ✓1+e 2x ?: X+ 1 + J1+(x + 1)2

 11 2 1111

Find which of the two is larger tn (1 + x) or

1
tan- x
1+ X •

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. en (1 + x)
Sol. Let x > -1
Consider f(x) = (1 + x)€n(1 + x)-tan-1 x

1
f'(x) = en(1 + x) + 1 - - - 2
1+ X

(1+x)2 +3x 2 + x 4
f"(X) - >0
- (1 + X) (1 + X2 )2

⇒ f'(x) is increasing
For x < 0, f'(x) < f'(0)
⇒ f'(x) < O
⇒ f(x) decreasing
⇒ f(X) > f(0)
⇒ f(x)> 0
⇒ (1 + x)en(1 + x) - tan-1 x > 0

tan- 1 x
en(1 +x) > - -
x+1
For x > 0, f'(X) > f'(0)
⇒ f'(x) > 0
⇒ f(x) is increasing
⇒ f(x) > f(0)
⇒ f(X) > 0

tan-1 x
⇒ t n(1 +x) > - -
x+1
Hence larger of these is t n(1 + x).

113 1111

tanx x
Using monotonicity prove that -x- > sin x for

X E (Q, 1t/2)

~ Report the question

Solution
Sol. Consider f(x) = tan x sin x - x2
f'(x) = sin x(1 + sec2x) - 2x
f"(x) = cos x(1 + sec2 x) + sin x 2 sec x sec x tan
x-2
sin 2 x
= cos X + sec X - 2 + 2 cos3 X

sin 2 x
= (,/cosx - ,/secx j + 2 - -
3- > O COS X

:::::> f'(x) is increasing

For x > 0
f'(x) > f'(O)
f'(x) > O
:::::> f(x) is increasing
Fcr X > 0
:::::> f(x)> f(O)
tanx x
:::::> f(x) > O :::::, - - > -
x sinx ·
 114 1111

If a > b > 0, with the aid of Lagrange's mean

value theorem prove the inequality
nb"- 1 (a -b ) < a" - b" < na"- 1 (a - b), if n > 1.
Also prove that the inequalities are in opposite
sense if O < n < 1.

( ~Reportthequeslion )

Solution
Sol. Let f(x) = x", n >1, x E [b, a]
ByLMVT

f(al= ~(b) = f' (c), b < c < a

an-bn = ncn--1 ........ (1)

a-b
b<c<a and n> 1

bn--1 < cn-1 < an-1

nbn--1 < ncn--1 < nan- 1

a 0 -b 0
nbn--1 < - - < nan-- 1 (using (1))
a-b
nbn--1(a-b)
< a" -b" < nan--1(a- b)
Also if O < n < 1, b < c < a
=> bn--1 > cn-1 > an-1
=> nbn--1(a-b) > a"-b" > nan--1(a-b)

115 1111

Show that sinP 0 cosq 0, p, q E N attains local

12
maximumvalue pP q:: when 0 =2nrr+tan- 1
(p + q)2

~ ,n E I. Identify if it is a global maximum ?

( ~Reportthequestion )

Solution
Ans. It is a global maximum .
Sol. Let f(0) = sin• e cos•e . We find maxima , minima
of f(0) on [O , 2rr].

f' (0) = q(sin 8)0--1 (cos 0)• ( t + tan s)( t-tan e)

f(O) = r(~) = f(rr) = r(-¥-) = f(2rr) = 0

_1 ~ ) pP12qq12
f [ tan - =---
q (p + q/ 9 )

f[ u
IP) 1 .,, .,,
tan- fq = (-1)"'• P q£::'!
(p + q)( , l
f ( rr -tan
-1
vciIP) (-1)•p• 12q• 12
= ---
q (p + q/ 9 )

f ( 2rr-tan
-1
vciIP) = -
(-1tp• 12q• 12
--
q (p+q/ 9 ) .

Clearly maximum value of f(S) is p•"q::• .

(p + q)2
Sim ilarl y we find maxima , minima on
[2nrr, 2(n + 1)rr] , n E I .

Maximum occurs at 0 = 2n rr + tan- 1 t .

It is also global maximum

116 1111

Find the set of all values of the parameter 'a' for

which the function
f(x ) = sin2x-8(a + 1) sin x + (4a 2 + Ba -14 ) x
increases for all x e Rand has no critical points
for all X E R

( ~Reportthequeslion )

Solution
Ans. a < - (2 + .Js) or a > .Js

Sol. f'(x) = 4 [cos' x - 2(a + 1)cos x + a2 + 2a - 4j

Let q>(t) = t2 -2(a + 1)t+a2 + 2a-4, -1 ~ t ~ 1
It is sufficient to find values oft when q>(t) = 0 has
noroot in[-1 , 1]
D= 20
Case-I :

q,(-1 )> 0 , a+ 1 < -1 , 0=20 > 0

=> a e (- .,,, - 2 - .Js) u (-2, + .Js, "') and a <-2

=> 8 E (- UJ, - 2 - .Js)

Case-II :

,\ c::::::_:::> I
-1
Figure

q,(1) > 0, a+ 1 > 1, D = 20 > 0

=>a E (- co, -.Js) u (.Js, oo) and a > 0
=> a E (.Js,oo)
 11 7 1111

If ax 2 + (b/x) ;, c for all positive x where a > 0

and b > O then show that 27ab2 ;, 4c3 .

~ Report the question

Solution
Sol . Let f(x) = ax 2 + !'X..

f'(x)=
2a(x3 __!'2a.._) signs of f(x)

x'

f(x) is minimum at x = ~

⇒ 1[~);, c
b )213 a
a
(
2a + (~f ;,c

cubing both sides 27 ab2 ;, 4c2

11 8 1111

Find the values of 'a' for which the function f(x ) =

a
x 3 + (a + 2) x 2 + (a - 1) x + 2 possess a
3
negative point of minimum .

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. (1 . oo)
Sol . f '(x ) = ax 2 + 2 (a+ 2) x + (a - 1)
case-I
a=O
,
f '(x ) = 4x-1
1
•
signsoff'(x)

Minima at x = . Not negative

4
a E q> .... (i )
case -Il
a=O

2
Let g(x) = x 2 + 2 (a + ) x + ~ . g(x) = 0
a a
must have larger root as negative.

g(O) > 0, -
-2(a + 2)
-a-
2
< 0,
•>
-----=------ <•o
Figure
4(a + 2) a-1
~ - 4.1. -;;- > 0

⇒ a E ( 1,a,) .... (ii)

Union of (i ), (ii ) is a E (1, a,)

11 9 1111

Find the polynomial f (x ) of degree 6, which

satisfies;1 (1+ f~~))"' = e 2

and has local

maximum at x = 1 and local minimum at x = O

and x = 2.

~ Report the question

Solution

Ans. f (x) = 2 x' - ¥ f x5 + x6

Sol. f(x ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3x3 + a4x4 + a5 x5 + a6 x6

1
;~ ( 1+ ~:)) = 1 ⇒ a0 = a 1 = a 2 = a 3 = O

Lim
x-+O ( x3 )"'
1~ = e'

!-~ e(a4 +35X• 3eX 2 ) = e2 ::::;> 84 = 2

f(x) = 2x 4 + a5 x 5 + a6 x 6
f'(X ) = X3 ( 8 + 5a 5 x + 6a 6 x2 )
f'(1 ) = 0, f '(2) = 0
12 2
a, =-5 , a• =3
f(x ) = 2x 4 - ~x 5 + .?.x•
5 3
 120 1111

The three sides of a trapezium are equal each

being 6 ems long, find the area of the trapezium
when it is maximum .

~ Report the questi on

Solution
Ans. 27 ✓
3 sq . ems

Sol.

Figure

Area= 36 (1 + cose) sine

= 36.4 . cos 3 (9/2) . sin(e/2)
Maximum occurs when

tan(%) = Ji ⇒ e = -3
lt

121 1111

A sheet of poster has its area 18 m'. The margin

at the top & bottom are 75 ems. and at the sides
50 ems. What are the dimensions of the poster
if the area of the printed space is maximum?

~ Report the question

Solution
Ans. Width2 ✓3m , length3 ✓3 m
Sol. xy = 18
Area of printed space

Inly
18 +~ - (~ +~ )
2 2 X
~ X
Figure
3x 18
Maximum when
2 --
⇒ x=2,13

⇒ y=3,13

122 1111

From a fi xed point A on the circumference of a

circle of radius 'a', let the perpendicular AY fall
on the tangent at a point Pon the circle, prove
that the greatest area which the !!. APY can have

a'
is 3 ✓3 sq. units.
8

~ Report the questi on

Solution

Sol.
_@_ p y
Figure

OA =OP= NY= a
ON= asin8 . AN= acose

1 .
Area = asme (a + acos8)
2

Maximum at tan ( %)= H⇒ 8

2
1t

⇒ Area -_ a 2 . 2 . 1
2
(./3)
2
3