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Energy2 3

The document discusses the analysis of coal samples, including their mass changes during heating and the calculation of proximate analysis and calorific values. It defines gross and net calorific values, providing formulas for their calculation based on the composition of the coal. Additionally, it presents examples of proximate analysis and calorific value calculations for specific coal compositions.

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6 views10 pages

Energy2 3

The document discusses the analysis of coal samples, including their mass changes during heating and the calculation of proximate analysis and calorific values. It defines gross and net calorific values, providing formulas for their calculation based on the composition of the coal. Additionally, it presents examples of proximate analysis and calorific value calculations for specific coal compositions.

Uploaded by

shaheryar.ali.787
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example

A sample of finely ground coal of mass 0.9945 g was placed in a


crucible of 8.5506 g in an oven, maintained at 375K for 4.0 ks. The
sample was then removed, cooled in a desiccator and reweighted; the
procedure being repeated until a constant total mass of 9.5340 g was
attained.
A second sample, of mass 1.0120 g in a crucible of mass 8.5685 g, was
heated with a lid over a Bunsen burner for 450 s. On cooling and
reweighing, the total mass was 9.1921 g. This sample was then heated
without a lid over a strong Bunsen flame until a constant total mass of
8.6255 g. Calculate the proximate analysis of sample and express the
results on “as sampled” and “dry ash free” basis.
Calorific Value
• It is defined as the quantity of heat liberated by the combustion of unit
quantity of fuel.

• It is of two types

Gross calorific Value: Total amount of heat liberated when one unit of fuel is burnt
completely, and the combustion products are cooled to room temperature.

Net Calorific Value: Total amount of heat liberated when one unit of the fuel is burnt
completely, and the combustion products are allowed to escape.
Calorific Value
Net C.V. = Gross C.V. – Latent heat of water vapors formed

Net C.V. = Gross C.V. – Weight of H2 x 9 x Latent heat of condensation of steam

𝟗 ∗𝟓𝟖𝟕
G.C.V – N.C.V = % of H2 x
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Calorific Value
Modified Dulong Formula

𝟏 𝑶
CG = ( 8080 C + 34500 (H - ) + 2220 S )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟖

Assumptions:
1. Gross C.V. of C, H and S are 8080, 34500 and 2220 kcal/kg respectively
𝑂
2. N2 in the coal has been neglected. If accounted, then replace (H - ) by (O+N-
8
1)/8
3. C.V. of a fuel is the sum of C.V of its constituent elements
Alternate form of Dulong formula
Component Percent
Carbon 71
Hydrogen 5.6
Nitrogen 1.6
Net sulfur 2.7
Ash 6.1
Oxygen 13
Total 100
Calorific Value
Goutal Formula
CG = 82 F + a. V

Cg= gross calorific value, kcal/kg


F = fixed carbon %, V= volatile matter%
a = a constant depending upon the value of volatile matter expressed as percent
d.a.f. (V’), as shown below
V’ a V’ a V’ a
5 145 20 109 35 94
10 130 25 103 38 85
15 117 30 98 40 80
Example
Calculate the gross and net calorific value of a coal which analyses: C 74%, H
6%, N 1%, O 9%, S 0.8%, moisture 2.2% and ash 8%.

Example
The proximate analysis of coal is: Moisture 2.4%, Volatile Matter 29.4%,
Fixed Carbon 58%, Ash 9.7% and Sulphur 0.5%. Its gross calorific value is
7650 Kcal/Kg. Calculate proximate analysis and calorific value on
a) Moisture free basis
b) Dry ash free basis

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