, □,

Flnd th<J f'l1W.tlon of th<J 1itflgellt toth<J

~1
curve y = (x, -11( , -2 1 ;,t the po!nts v,Wc tfw cuN<!
cuts lh<! J<-.ixls

Solution
Th8 <lql.l.illon ofth<! curv<> ls y =(x ' - l )(x -2 )

It cuts x-a,:Js at Y" 0 . So, puttlr,g y'" 0 in (i) . ,,,,.

~ (x' -l)lx-2) =0
⇒ (x-lfjx-2)(x' ... x ... 1)=0

⇒ x - 1 =0, x-2 = 0 [Qx' +x..-1 =OJ

• ~ - =tt!; !nts oi intomoctlofl of wl'\'lllil with xallis .>re .

(1 , 0)ar.:1 (20). Now

Y=(x' - l)(x - 2)

⇒ tx- = 3x'(x-2 l +( x' ti

To.I ,;,qua~ of th~ tangen1s at(l. Ol ar.:! (2 0)

Jre respecti,,,~

y -0 = -J(x-11 and y -0 = 7\x -2)

⇒ y+Jx 3 = 0 and 7x- y - 14 = 0

02 ~

(i) Find the slope of the tangent to the Cll'Ve

y=x 3 st thepoint x - If .
(ii) Find the equations of tangents to the C1JVe

Y =
1 / 11 1 at the points of its lntersectlon IYi th

y =__!_
tne hypefbola 1+ x
(iii) Find the equation o f normal to the cuve
4xl - 3:,;y<'+ 6)(2- 5xy - 8y2+ 9x + 14 = Oat

the poi nt ( - 2. 3)

Solution
(i) i =lx~
We have.

at X=~-i=J.[~) =1.
There!'creslope of tangMt et (x-1/-)- 1
I
(ii For points of intersection. solve Y " ~

1
and Y • ~

1 1
~ ha'le. ~ - ,:--;
⇒ 1 • x" 1 • x' (x = - 1)
⇒ X( X- 1) = 0
⇒ x= O andx = 1

points of in ~ are P(O, l ) and 0(1fJ·

Now, slope of tangenl at P(O. 1) to the

cuve Y= 1 ...\ 1

and slope ol ~ at ~ti J

ldy ) [ - 2• 1 1
= ~ / " ~ {~11= - 2
EQU11tion s cl tangents are
y- 1: 0j x -0)

-~
m y-i ~(-i}x-1)
⇒ 2Y - 1 =- x + 1
= IX•2y -21
(iii) Differentilte the ~en equatiofl w.r,t. x. we g et

12X 1 - 3yl- 6xy~ • 12x 5y - 5x t

- 16y ? • 9 = 0

at the point P(-2. 3). we have

⇒ - 2( ? ),, - 9=0 ⇒1 ? 1,, = -912

Slope o1 normal at P(-2. 31 = 219
Eq ualicn cl oormal at P,

y-3•¾(h 2)
⇒ 9y -27 ,a 2J(•4

= 12x-9y . :31- 0 I

03

The curves with equation y = 2x 2 - x and y2 = x

intersect al (0, 0) and another point Q . Find th e
angle between the curvesat a .

Solution
Solving equations y : 2x2 - x and y2 : x we get,
X = (2x' - X'f-
= x =4x4 - 4 xJ +x2
⇒ x(4x3 - 4x 2 + x - 1) =0
⇒ x = 0 or 4x 3 -4x2 • x -1 •0
=- x=0 °'
(4x 2 +1 )(x-1) = 0
⇒ x = Oor x = 1 (real roots). Thus Q is (1. 1)
Now ~le between curves
M
a
(4,-1), -(f,-)
= Ian-• 11+ (4x - 1)o( "b):
 04

If the normal to the curve x 213 + y 213 = a213 makes

an angle <I> v.1th the axis of x. show that its equation
is
y COS$ - x sin<j> = a cos2<j>

~ Report the question

Solution

Equation of the curve is x 213 + y 213 = a 213

differentiating w.r.t. x. we get Ix-x +I y-X dy =C

3 3 dx

l
Slope of the normal at point of contact. say,

(a. P) to the curve is [ ~ X *r =(

( ) (a, ! )

Since normal makes an angle <I> with the x-axis.

we have slope of the normal = tanq,
a.113 a 113 l-l 113
=>--iil = tan <j> =>-- = - -
P sin$ cos <j>
Ja 213 + p 2i3
~=~
a sin<j> cos <j> J sin2 <j> + cos 2 <j>

= ~ = 8 113 (:. 8 213 + p 213 = 8 213)

1
=> a = asin3<j>. p = acos3<j>
Then equation of normal at (a. P) is
given by y-acos3 <j>= sin<j> (x-asin 3 <j> )
COS<j>
=> y cos<j> - a cos4<j> = x sin<j> - a sin4<j>
=> y COS$ - x sin<j> = a(cos4<j> - sin4<j>)
= a(cos2<j> - sin2<j>) (cos2<j> + sin2<j>)
=> I y cos <j> - xsin <j> = acos2<j> I

05 Ill
The curve y = ax3 + bx 2 + ex + 5 touches the x-
axis at P(-2. 0) and cuts the y-axis at a point Q
where its gradient is 3. Find a. b, c.

[f?l Report the question

Solution
Given curve is y = ax3 + bx2 + ex + 5. differentiatin,

with respect to x. we get dy = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c

dx
It is given that at P(-2. 0). x-axis is tangent to
the curve. i.e .. slope of curve at P(-2. O) is zero.

dy ) = 0
( dx P

=> 12a - 4b + c = 0 ... (1)

Since P lies on the curve.
0 = -8a + 4b - 2c +5
=> 8a - 4b+2c=5 ... (2)
It cuts y-axis at Q therefore at Q ,
x = 0 and y = 5
.-. Q is (0. 5)

It is given that gradient of curve at Q = 3

=> ( ddy ) = 3 => C= 3 ... (3)

X 0

Solving (1 ). (2) and (3). we

I
get a = -~. b = -¾,c = 3 I
 06

Find all tangents to the curve

y = cos(x + y), -2rr s x s 2rr, that are parallel to

the Ii ne x + 2y = O.

~ Report the question

Solution
Differentiating the given curve w.r.t. x , 'Ne

get dy = -sin(x + y J 1 + dy }
dx 'l dx
dy sin(x + y)
⇒ -=
dx 1+sin(x + y)

But the tangents are parallel to y = -; x . This gives

1 sin(x + y)
- - =
2 1 + sin(x + y)

⇒ sin(x + y) =1
⇒ cos(x + y) =0
⇒ y= 0 (from y = cos(x + y))
Now sin(x + 0) =1
⇒ sinx = 1
X 3rc
⇒ X =
2,- 2 (since x must satisfy -2rc s x s. 2rr).

Therefore points of contact are ( %·O)

and ( -
3
2
rc , 0).Hence equations of tangents:

07

Check the orthogonality of the curves y2 = x & x2 = y.

~ Report the question

Solution
 08 1111

Find the approximate value of square root of 25.2.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let f(x) = ✓x

ill(
Now. «x + ill<) - f(x) = f'(x) . ill< =
2
..r;
we may wlite. 25.2 = 25 + 0.2
Taking x = 25 and m< = 0.2. we have
0 .2
ff25.2) - !(25) = 2✓ 25

or ff25.2) - ✓25 = ~i = 0 .02 ⇒ !(25.2) = 5.02

or ,/(25.2) = 5 .02

09 1111

The volume of a cube is increasing at a

rate of 9cm3/ s. How fast is the surface
area increasing when the length of an
edge is 10cm?

~ Report the question

Solution
Let x be the length of side. V be the volume and S be
the surface area of the cube. Then
V= x3 and S = 6x2 . where x is a function of time I.

dV = 9cm' / s = _cl__(x' ) = 3x' dx

dt dt dt

dx 3
⇒ 2
dt x

36
dS = _cl__ (6x ') = 12 x(-;-) =
~ ~ X X

dS] = 3.6 cm2/ s.

dt •·••=

10 1111

x and y are the sides of two squares

such that y = x - x2 . Find the rate of
change of the area of the second square
with respect to the first square.

~ Report the question

Solution
Given x and y are sides of two squares. Thus the area of
two squares are x2 and y2
dy
2
Wehavetoobtaln d(y') = ydx = Y~
d( x') 2x x · dx ········ (I)
where the given curve is. y = x - x2

⇒ ~
dx = 1 - 2x ........ (U)

Thus. :i~:i = ~(1 - 2x) [from (i) and (ii))

d(y') (x - x' Xl - 2x)

or
d(x' ) = X

⇒ d((y )) = (2x 2 - 3x + l)
d x'
The rate of change of the area of second square with respect
to first square Is (2x2 - 3x + 1)
 11 1111

If the relation between subnormal SN

and subtangent ST at any point S on
the curve
by2 = (x + a)3 is p(SN) = q(Sn2. then

find value of E.
q
in terms of b and a.

( ~Reportthe quesOon )

Solution
by2 = (x + a)3

2
b 2ytx" = 3 (x +a )

GiVen that p(SN) = q(S1) 2

dy y'
1'1 dx =q (~)'

!'.= _ Y_ = y8b'y' = ~ b:(x + a): = ~ b

q (tx")' 27 (x +a )" 27 b (x + a) 27

12 1111

Find the possible values of 'a' such that

2
the inequaUty 3 - x > Ix - a I has
atleast one negative solution.

( ~ Reportthe question )

Solution

3 - x2 > 1x-a l
Case (I) if a < 0 and y = x - a Is tangent of y = 3 - x2

~- 2x = 1 ~ X = _2_ ~ P(- 2_ 2-.!.)

2 2· 4

Since y = x - a passes the ( 1. 11)

-
24
a= X - y

= - (¥- + ½) =- ¥(minimum value of a)

Case (ll)

a > 0 and y = - x + a passes through (0. 3).

then a = 3 (maximum value of a)

13 1111

Find the angle of intersection of curves. y = 11sin x I+I cos x 11

and x2 + y2 = 5 where [.) denotes greatest Integral function.

( ~ Reportthe question )

Solution

We know that. 1 $I sin x i + Jcos xJ ,; ✓2

y = II sin xl+ lcos x ii= 1
Let P and Q be the points of intersection of given curves.
Clearly the given curves meet at points where y = 1 so.
we get
x2 + 1 =5
X = ± 2
Now. P(2. 1) and Q(-2. 1)
Now. x2 + y2 = 5
Differentiating the above equation w.r.t. x.
dy
we get2x + 2ydx = 0
~dx =--"-
(~) = -2 and ( ~)
dx
-2
_ _ -
dx (z. i ) 1 2 11

Clearly the slope of line y = 1 Is zero and the slope of

the tangents at P and Q are (- 2) and (2) respectively.
Thus. the angle of Intersection is tan- 1(2)
 14 1111

Determine the intervals of monotonicity fOf the

following functions:
(i) f(X) = 2x 2 - In X
(ii) f(x) = 4x 3 - 12x 2 + 18x + 20
(iii) f(X) = e" + 5X(IV)
f(x) = cos(rr/x)

~ Report the question

Solution
Note :
The solution of these problems reduces to finding
the intervals in v.tlich the derivatives keep the same
sign. If the function f(x ) has continuous derivative in
the interval (a,b) and has in it a finite number
ofstationarypointsx, , x 2 , ... x 0 (a < x, < x 2 < .... <
= =
x 0 < b). i.e . f '(x,) o (k 1. 2, ... , n), then f '(x) has
same sign in eachof subintervals(a, x1 ), (x 1, x2 )
... . (x.,._1 , x0 ) , (x 0 , b).
(i) The function is defined for x > 0.

Now differentiate w.r.t. x we get f'(x ) = 4x - ~ .

X
The function monotonically increases if

f'(x) 2: O => 4x- ~ 2: O => x 2: ! and function

X 2
monotonically deaeases if

f'(x) ,; 0 => 4x - ~ ,; 0 => 0 < x ,; !,

Thus interval of
X 2

monotonicity is ( o. ~) and ( ~- .,)

(ii) f(x) is defined everywhere. Now differentiate
w. r.t. x we get f '(x) = 12x2 - 24x + 18
using above note: f '(x) = 0 => 12x2 - 24x + 18 = 0
=> 2x2 - 4x + 3 =0 ⇒ x = imaginary
=> f '(x) > 0 .., x => f(x) is increasing for all x
=> interval of increasing (- "'· «>)
(iii) f(x) is defined for all x and f '(x) = e" + 5

Now f '(x) > 0 => e" + 5 > 0 => e' > - 5 => x can
be any real nlSTlber
Therefore f'(x) > 0 .., x eR. Thus function increases
over entire number scale (- "'· «>).
(rv) The function f(x ) = cos( 7tlx) is oontinuous
and differentiable throughout, except at the point
x = 0, now,

f '(x) = ~ 2 sin( .'.:)

x X

Sign of f'(x) is same as of sin[ ~ ) . Then

Case I : sin(~ ) > O

if 2kn < .'.: < (21< + 1)n(k = 0,± 1, ± 2, ..)

X

Case II : si{~) < 0 if (2k + 1)n < ~ < (21< + 2) 7t

. .increases .in ( -1-, - 1 )

Hence function
2k + 1 2k

. ( -1- . -1- ) (k e /)
and deaeases ,n
2k + 2 2k + 1

15 1111

Prove that the function f (x) = log (x ' + .Jx• + 1 ) is

entirely increasing.

~ Report the question

Solution
Now.

f(x) = log(x ' + .Jx• + 1)

=>f '(x)
1
( 3x 2 + ~
1= ~ >C
x'+ ~ l 2~ ) ~
⇒ f(x) is increasing.
 16 1111

Find the intervals of monotonicity of the function

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
Let y = f(x) = x2 - log. lxl
2
f( x)={x - iog. (-x). x <0
x2 - log. (x) . x > 0

l
2X _ _ l (-1). X < 0
⇒ f'(x)= (-x)
1
2x--. x > 0
X

.-. f '(x) = 2x-.!__ : forall x(x;,:O)

X
+ +

1 0 1
-✓2 ✓2

f'(x) = zx2 - 1 ⇒ f '(x)= (✓2x-1){✓2x+l)

X X

So f'(x) >O when x e(-Jz-.o)v(Jz-.CI))

and f'(x) < O when x e(-CI).- }z)v(o.Jz-)

f(x) is increasing when x }z .0)v ( }z .Cl))

E( -

and decreasing when x E ( - Cl). - }z)v ( O. }z)

17

Prove the foUCMling

(i) y = e• + sinx ls increasing in x e R'
(ii) y = 2x - sin x - tan x is decreasing in x e (0. 1t/ 2)

~ Report the question

Solution
(i) f(x) = e• + slnx. x e R. ⇒ f'(x) = e• + cosx
Clearly f'(x) > 0 V x e R' (as e• > 1. xeR'
and - 1 :,; cosx :,; 1. x e R')
Hence f{x) is increasing.
(ii) f(x) = 2x - sin x - tan x x e (0. 1t/ 2)
⇒ f'(x) = 2 - cos x - sec2x
⇒ f'(x) = cos2x - cos x - (cos2x + sec2x - 2)
= cos2 x - cos x - (cos x - sec x)2
f'(x) < 0. X E (0. 1t/ 2)
cos2 X < cos X, X E (0. 1t/ 2)
Hence f(x) Is decreasing in (0. 1t/ 2)
 18 11111

1 X
Show that f(x) = sin- ,.-------, - enx is decreasing in
vl + x 2

x e [ ,/3 ·✓3] . Also find Its range.

~ Report the question

Solution
X
f(x) = Sin-I ,.-------, - {nx = tan- 1X - {nx
vl + x 2
1 1 _(i + x2 - x)
⇒
f'(x)=l + x 2 --;z = x(l+ x 2 )

f'(X) < Q \f X E [ ,/3.✓3]

⇒ f(x) isdecreasing f(x)lmu = 1(1) =f+½en3

& f(x)I .
mn
= 1(✓3) =2:.3 _ !_(n3
2
71 1 71 1 ]
Rangeoff(x)= [ ---en3 . -+-en3
3 2 6 2

19 11111

Find the critical polnt(s) & stationary polnt(s) of the function

f(x) = (x - 2)'"(2x + 1)

~ Report the question

Solution
f(x) = (x - 2)21"(2x + 1)

2 113
f'(x) = (x - 2)213 . 2 + (2x + 1)
3 (x - 2)

2 1
= 2(x - 2)213 + - (2x + l ) - - - -
11 3
3 (x - 2)

2 ] 1 2(5x - 5)
= [ 2(x - 2)+-(2x+l)
3
-(
x- 2
)1 1 3 =
3(x - 2)
11 3

f(x) does not exist at x = 2 and f'(x) = 0 at x = 1

x = L 2 are critical points and x = 1 Is stationary
point.

20 11111

For x E( i) 0. prove that sin x < x < tan x

~ Report the question

Solution
L et f(x) = x - sinx ⇒ f'(x) = 1 - cosx

f'(x) > 0 for x e ( 0. i-)

⇒ f(x) is M.L ⇒ f(x) > f(O)
⇒ x - sinx > 0 ⇒ x > sinx
Similarly consider another function g(x) = x - tanx
⇒ g'(x) = 1 - sec2 x

g'(x) < 0 for x E ( 0 . f) ⇒ g(x)ls M.D.

H ence g(x) < g(O)

X - tanx < 0 ⇒ x < tan x
sinx < x < tan x H ence proved
 21 1111

3 3
X -I X
For x E (0. 1) prove that x - < tan x <x - &
3 6
tan -'
hence or otheiwlse find ltm [ - -
xJ
Jt~ o X

~ Report the question

Solution
3

Let «x) =x - ~ - tan-' x

3

1 x'
⇒ f'(x) = 1 - x' - 1 + x' = - 1 + x'

f'(x) < 0 for x E (0. 1)

⇒ f(x)ls M.D.
⇒ f(x) < f(0)

⇒ x- £3 - tan-'x < 0
x'
⇒ X - - < taff 1X .. ...... (i)
3

x'
Similarly g(x) =x - - tan-' x
6
x 2
1 x2 (1 - x2 )
g'(x) = 1 - 2 - 1 + x2 = 2(1 + x2 )
g'(x) > 0 for x E (0. 1) ⇒ g(x) Is M .I.
3

x - ~ -tan 1x > 0
6
⇒ X- £6 > tan·'x ......... (11)
3 3
X X
from (I) and (ii). we get x - < tan-'x < x -
3 6
Hence Proved

l - ~ < tan - x < l - ~ ⇒ lim tan - x = l

1 1

Now.
3 X 6 , ....o X

but Um [tan - • x J = 0
,....o X

22 1111

Prove that for any two numbers

----- > e
4

~ Report the question

Solution
y e"

3x + x., · 3e
R:.::.L....:.1 -''-+ -
•'')
(
4 4

X •

3x ♦ x,
1
4
e

X,
3x +x ,
1
l X,

Assume f(x) = e' and let x, & x2

be two points on the curve y = e' .
Let R be another point which divides
line segment PQ in ratio 1 : 3.

3e' 1 + e''
y coordinate of point R is - - - - and
4
~
y coordinate of point S is e ~ Since
f(x) = e' is always concave up, hence point R
will always be above point S.

⇒
4
 23 1111

3
In any MBC prove that sinA + sinB + sinC , ✓3 .
2

~ Report the question

Solution

1 (~·~l
I

(A

~l!.
3 3
slnx

Co-ordinates of centroid G are

( A + : + C , sin A + si; B + sin C)
from figure we have
PM > GM

Sin
A+
. (- B+ C)
sin A + sin B + sin C
- - - 2: - - - - - - - -
3 3

Sin
. ( 7t ) 2: -
-
sin A + sin B + sin C
-------
3 3

sinA + sinB + sinC <

3✓3
⇒
2
equality holds when mangle is equilateral.

24 1111

3 2
Verify Rolle's theorem for the function f(x) = x - 3x + 2x

In the Interval [0. 21.

~ Report the question

Solution
Here we obsetve that
(a) f(x) Is polynomial and since polynomial are
alwa~ continuous. as well as differentiable. Hence
f(x) is continuous In the (0.2) and differentiable In the (0. 2).
&

(b) f(0) = 0. f(2) = 2" - 3. (21' + 2(21 = 0

f(0) = f(2)
Thus . aU the condition of Rolle's theorem are satisfied.
So, there must exists some c E (0. 2) such that r(c) = 0
1
f(c) = 3c2 - 6c + 2 = 0 => c= l ± ,/3

1
where both c = 1 ± ✓3 E (0. 2) thus Rolle's theorem is vertfied.

25 1111

Show that between any two roots of e • - cosx = 0

there eXists at least one root of sin x - e • = 0 .

~ Report the question

Solution
If x = a and x = b are two distinct roots of e • - cosx = 0
then e • - cosa = 0 and e' - cosb = 0 (1)
and let f(x) = e • - cosx
We observe that
(I) .·. e • and cos x are continuous as well as differentiable
In (a. bl then f(x) Is also continuous In [a. bl & differentiable
In (a.b).
(II) f(a) =•-• - cos a = 0}
and f(b ) = e-' - cos b = 0
(from (l )l
i.e. f(a) = f(b) = 0
Thus f satisfies all the three conditions of Rolle's theorem
in (a, b). H ence there is at least one value of x In (a. b), say
c such that f'(c) = 0.
Now r(c)=O => -e ' + sine = 0 => sine - e ' = 0
c is a root of the equation sin x - e • = 0.
H ence between any two roots of the ~uatlon
e...,. - cosx =0 there Is at least one root of the equation
sinx - e • = 0 .
 26 1111

Find c of the Lagrange's mean value

themm for the fi.rlctior1 f(x) = 3x2 + 5x
+ 7 in the interval [1. 3].

~ Report the question

Solution
Given ffx) = 3x' + 5x + 7 ..... (i)

ffl) = 3 + 5 + 7 = 15 and f(3) = 27 + 15 + 7 = 49

Again f'(x) = 6x + 5
Here a= l. b= 3
Now from Lagrange's mean value theorem

f' f(b) - f(a)

(c) = ~

6c + 5 = H3 l - f(l) = 49 - l 5 = 17 or c = 2
3 -1 2 .

27 1111

If functions f(x) and g(x) are continuous

in [a. b] and differentiable in (a, b), show
that there will be at least one point c.
a < c < b such that
f(a ) f (b)I
= (b- a) lf(a ) f '(c)I
lg(a ) g(b) g(a ) g '(c)

~ Report the question

Solution
f(a) f( x)I
Let F(x) = g(a) g(x) = f(a) g(x) - g(a) ffx) .... .(1)
l
F '(x) = f(a) g'(x) - g(a) f'(x) .. .... (ii)
Since f(x) and g(x) are continuous in ja,
b) and differentiable In (a. b). therefore,
from (I) and (II) it follows that F(x) Is
continuous In [a. b[ and differentiable In
(a. b)
Also from (I). F(a) = f(a)g(a) - g(a)f(a) = 0
And F(b) = f(a) g(b) - g(a) f(b)
Now by mean value theorem for F(x) In ja, bl. there will

be at least one point c. a < c , b

F(b) - F(a)
such that F '(c) = ~

ffa) g'(c) -g(a) f'(c) = f(a)g(b) ~ =(:)f(b)-0

or f(a)g(b) - g(a)f(b) = (b - a)( f(a)g'(c) - g(a)f'(c)l

or l f(a) f(b)l=(b - a) lf(a) f'(c)I

g(a) g(b) g(a) g le)

28 1111

If g(x) = f(x) + f(l - x) and f' '(x) < 0: 0 ~ x ~ I. show that g(x)

Increasing In x E (0, 1/2) and decreasing In x E (1/ 2, I I

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
f"(x) <0 ⇒ f'(x) is decreasing function.

Now. g(x) = f(x) + f(l - x)

g'(x) = f'(x) - f'(l - x) ......... (i)

Case I : If x 2 (1 - x) ⇒x 2 1/2

f'(x) :s; f'(l - x)

⇒ f'(x) - f'(l - x) :, 0

⇒ g'(x) :, O

g(x) decreases in x E [½-1]

Case n: If x :s; (1 - x) ⇒x :s; 1/2
f'(x) 2 f'(l - x)

⇒ f'(x) - f'(l - x) 2 0

⇒ g'(x) 2 0

g(x) increases in x E [O. 1/2)

 29 1111

Prove that if 2a/

< 15a, all roots of x 5

- a 0 x4 + 3ax3 + bx2 + ex + d = 0 can't

be real. It is given that a0 , a , b, c, d E
R

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
Let ffx) = x~ - a0x4 + 3ax3 + bx2 + ex + d
3 2
f'(x) = Sx" -4a0X + 9ax + 2bx + c

f"(x) = 20x' - 12a,x' + 18ax + 2b

f'"(x) = 60x' - 24a, x + 18a = 6{1 Ox' - 4a,x + 3a)

Now. discriminant = 16a,' - 4. 10. 3a = 8(2a,' - 15a) < 0

as 2a,' - 15a < 0 Is given.

Hence the roots of f"'(x) = 0 can not be real.

f"(x) have one real root and f'(x) = 0 have at most two
real roots so f(x) = 0 have at most
three real roots.

Therefore all the roots of f(x) = 0 will not be real

30 1111

Show by using mean value theorem that

p-~ < tan·'p - 1an· 1a < p-a, where p > a > 0.

l +P l +a

~ Report the question

Solution
Take «x) = tan· 'x

1
⇒ f'(x) = ~ . By mean value theorem for f(x) in

la. Pl

f(p) - f(a) = f'(c) = ___l_,

p- a l +c
wherea <c< p ........ (i)

1 1
Now. c > a ⇒
~ < ~

1 flPl -f(al
from (I). ~ < ~ , ~

~ < f(p) - f(a) < ~2

1 + p' 1 +a

P- a p-a
Hence. ~ < tan- p - tan a < ~
1 1

31 1111

11100 11 101
Compare which of the two is greater (100) or {101)

~ Report the question

Solution

.~
100 101
1
Assume f(x) = x ' .. and let us examine monotonic nature

of f(x) . (x > 0)

f'(x) = x 11" . 1-xt,nx )

(

f'(x) ' 0 ⇒ X E (0, e)

and f'(x) < 0 ⇒ x e (e. a:,)

Hence f(x) Is M.D. for x ;, e

and since 100 < 101

⇒ «100) > !(101)

⇒ (100)" "" > (101) '1'"

 32 1111

For \;/ x E [0 . 1] . let the second

derivative f"(x) of a function «x) exist and
satisfyIf"(x) I ~ 1. If f(0) = f(l) then
show that If'(x) I < 1 for all x in [0, 1].

~ Report the question

Solution

33 1111

1
Let f(x) = x + - x * 0. Discuss the local maximum and local
X

~ Report the quest ion

Solution

1 x2 - 1 (x - l)( x + 1)
Here. f'(x) = 1 - 7 = ---;,- x2

+ +
-1 1
Using number line rule. f(x) will have local
maximum at x = - 1 and local minimum at x = 1
local maximum value of f(x) = - 2 at x = - 1
and local minimum value of f(x) = 2 at x = 1

34 1111

Using the first derivative, find the extrema of

the following functions:

(i) f(x) = ~x 4 - x 3 -9x 2 + 7

4

(ii) f(x) = V(x-1) 2 + V(x + 1)2

~ Report the question

Solution
(i) The function is defined and differentiable for all
real numbers. Now,
f'(x) = 3x3 -3x2 - 1Bx = 3x(x + 2)(x -3)
Therefore critical points are given by x = 0, -2, 3
we have

f '(x) -ve -2 +ve 0 -ve 3 +ve

Since there is no critical points to the left of the point
x = -2 the derivative at all points x < -2 has one and
the same sign, namely. negative and in interval (-2, 0),
derivative is +ve, therefore x = -2 is point of minimum.
Analogously, at points x = 0, f(x) has maximum and
at point x = 3, it has minimum .

- 161
i.e. f(-2) = -9, f(3) = - - , f(0) = 7
4
(ii) Given function is f(x) = (x - 1)213+ (x + 1)213

Now f'(x) = I (x -1)-

3
11 3
+ I (x+
3
1r 11
'

2 (X + 1)113 + (X -1)113
3 (x -1) 113 ·(x + 1)113
Now f'(x) = 0 ⇒ (x + 1)113 + (x - 1)113
= 0 (x" 1. -1 )
⇒ X +1 =- (X - 1)

⇒ 2x =0 ⇒ x =0

Further more derivative goes to infinity at the points

X = ± 1.
Thus critical points are-1 , 0, 1, at x = ±1 , f (x)
has minima and x = 0 it has maximum

- ve -1 +ve 0 - ve +ve