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MAES - Lab - Experiment 3

This lab manual outlines an experiment to implement traffic runway lights using timer functions with Arduino. It explains the importance of timers in electronic circuits, details the experimental setup, and provides code for controlling the traffic lights. Students are required to document their findings and implement the system using an online simulation platform.

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9 views3 pages

MAES - Lab - Experiment 3

This lab manual outlines an experiment to implement traffic runway lights using timer functions with Arduino. It explains the importance of timers in electronic circuits, details the experimental setup, and provides code for controlling the traffic lights. Students are required to document their findings and implement the system using an online simulation platform.

Uploaded by

munimtazwar2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment 3 Lab Manual

American International University- Bangladesh


Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE4103: Microprocessor and Embedded Systems Laboratory

Title: Implementation of traffic runway lights using timer functions.

Introduction: The objective of this experiment is to get familiarized with Timers and use
them for the implementation of a traffic control system.

Theory and Methodology:

Timer: Every electronic component of a sequential logic circuit works on a time base. This
time base helps to keep all the work synchronized. Without a time, base, devices would have
no idea as to when to perform particular actions. Thus, the timer is an important concept in
the field of electronics.

A timer/counter is a piece of hardware built into the Arduino controller. It is like a clock and
can be used to measure time events. A timer is a register whose value increases/decreases
automatically.

In AVR, timers are of two types: 8-bit and 16-bit timers. In an 8-bit timer, the register used is
8-bit wide whereas, in a 16-bit timer, the register width is 16 bits. This means that the 8-bit
timer is capable of counting 2 8=256 steps from 0 to 255. Similarly, a 16-bit timer is capable
of counting 216=65536 steps from 0 to 65535.

Experimental setup:

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)


Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Apparatus:
● Arduino Uno/ Arduino Mega
● LED lights (YELLOW, RED, and GREEN)
● Resistors (220 ohms)

Code implementation of a traffic system with Timer:

#define RED_PIN 8 //define name of pins used


#define YELLOW_PIN 10
#define GREEN_PIN 12

//define the delays for each traffic light color


int red_on = 3000; //3s delay
int red_yellow_on = 1000; //1s delay
int green_on = 3000; //3s delay
int green_blink = 500; //.5s delay
int yellow_on = 1000; //1s delay

int delay_timer (int milliseconds)


{
int count = 0;
while(1)
{
if(TCNT0 >= 16) // Checking if 1 millisecond has passed
{
TCNT0=0;
count++;
if (count == milliseconds) //checking if required milliseconds delay has passed
{
count=0;
break; // exits the loop
}
}
}
return 0;
}

void setup() {
//define pins connected to LEDs as outputs
pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(YELLOW_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);

//set up timer
TCCR0A = 0b00000000;
TCCR0B = 0b00000101; //setting pre-scaler for timer clock
TCNT0=0;
}
© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
Experiment 3 Lab Manual

void loop() {

//to make red LED on


digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);
delay_timer(red_on);

//to turn yellow LED on


digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, HIGH);
delay_timer(red_yellow_on);

//turning off RED_PIN and YELLOW_PIN, and turning on greenLED


digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);
delay_timer(green_on);
digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);

//for turning green Led on and off for 3 times


for(int i = 0; i < 3; i = i+1)
{
delay_timer(green_blink);
digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);
delay_timer(green_blink);
digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
}

//for turning on yellow LED


digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, HIGH);
delay_timer(yellow_on);
digitalWrite(YELLOW_PIN, LOW);
}

Questions for report writing:

1) Include all codes and scripts into the lab report following the writing template
mentioned in appendix A of Laboratory Sheet Experiment 3.
2) Implement this system using an online simulation platform www.tinkercad.com.
3) Configure the system to have delays for outputs according to your ID. Consider the
last three digits from your ID (if your ID is XX-XXABC-X then consider A for the
RED light, B for the YELLOW LED, and C for GREEN LED). Include the program
and results within your lab report.

Reference(s):

1) https://www.arduino.cc/.
2) ATMega328 manual
3) https://www.avrfreaks.net/forum/tut-c-newbies-guide-avr-timers
4) http://maxembedded.com/2011/06/avr-timers-timer0/
© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)

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