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Effectiveness of Social Media Platforms in Raising Awareness

About Mpox Prevention Strategies

A Quantitative Research

Presented to the Senior High School Department of

Dominican College of Santa Rosa

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2

By:

Crusina, Terrence B.

Manding, John Daniel C.

Maraña, Keenan Cedric G.

Moralidad, Arjay L.

Patiag, Kyle Niño D.

Piedragosa, Jaymiel Cyrus M.

Rance, Aeron Dian Q.

Servo, Hannah Zyrelle B.

2025
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter includes and upholds key elements such as the introduction, background of

the study, statement of the problem, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, hypothesis,

scope and delimitation, and significance of the study, all of which are essential in presenting

the overall ideology of our research.

Introduction

Technology is now woven into our daily lives, changing the ways we connect, learn,

and stay informed. Today, the internet is not just a tool—it is the heartbeat of global

communication, with every individual’s life intertwined with it. Social media, as Ridzuan

(2022) points out, has become a powerful way to share knowledge worldwide, which replaces

older and slower methods. Beyond just connecting people, these platforms now play a major

role in spreading crucial information, especially to young people, influencing how they think

and act. Now more than ever, these platforms connect people worldwide and are essential for

sharing important information, especially health-related messages that impact everyone.

One pressing example of this is Mpox, a global health concern that social media is

helping to address. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Mpox is a contagious

virus that causes painful rashes, fevers, and swollen lymph nodes, and in some cases, it can

even become life-threatening. As Mpox spreads so easily, it is crucial for people to understand

the virus to prevent outbreaks. Social media platforms like TikTok, Twitter, and Facebook

have become crucial in raising awareness, that share details on early symptoms, how it spreads,
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and steps to stay safe. These platforms not only make information accessible but also enable

health organizations to provide timely updates, keeping people informed and helping prevent

the virus spread globally.

Background of the Study

Having experienced and suffered from previous epidemics, particularly the most recent

COVID-19 pandemic, the world has seen the profound impact of insufficient public awareness

in preventing the rapid spread of viruses. COVID-19 was a harsh reminder of how unprepared

society can be when faced with global health threats. More recently, another virus, Mpox, has

emerged as a significant concern in the global setting. Mpox is a zoonotic and infectious

disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which presents with symptoms such as painful rashes,

fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. As Kaseya (2024) states, “Let me be clear—this is not just an

African issue.” Mpox is a global threat, a menace that knows no boundaries, race, or creed. It is

a widespread public health emergency that can be mitigated by raising awareness about its

urgency and the dangers it poses.

Today, social media has changed communication in this fast-paced digital world. From

now until 2024, platforms like TikTok, Twitter, and Facebook have become integral tools to

communicate. Apart from being the space of interaction, these are critical channels for the

dissemination of important health information. The ease of access to these platforms has

allowed individuals, especially the youth, to inform themselves about current issues, including

emerging threats to health. In this regard, public health authorities are increasingly using social

media as a means of spreading awareness about contagious diseases such as Mpox.

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While social media has become the most commonly used channel to inform citizens

about global health crises, it raises questions about its efficacy in spreading public health

awareness, especially during critical times for policy and practice as well as policy

implementation. While the application of social media has been widely examined for health

communication, promotion, and surveillance purposes, there is still a lack of insight about how

its efficacy might differ across various public health goals. This research attempts to

understand how social media can create awareness about the prevention of Mpox. Therefore,

this study will examine how social media platforms such as TikTok, Twitter, and Facebook

contribute towards knowledge enhancement and preventive measures taken during epidemic

diseases.
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Theoretical Framework

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

The theoretical foundation for this study is based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory

(DOI) by Everett Rogers (2003) to understand how awareness and knowledge of Mpox

symptoms spread among individuals through social media.

The Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains how new ideas, practices, or products gain

traction and are communicated over time among members of a social system (Garcia-Aviles,

2020; Takahashi, 2024). It is particularly relevant for this study, as the awareness of Mpox

symptoms and transmission is a relatively new health concern that relies heavily on effective

information sharing. Social media serves as an ideal platform for the diffusion process because

it allows for rapid, widespread information sharing.

According to the theory, the diffusion process moves through five stages: knowledge,

persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation (Garcia-Aviles, 2020). In the context

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of Mpox awareness, the Diffusion of Innovation Theory begins with [1] the knowledge stage,

where individuals first learn about Mpox symptoms and prevention. [2] Persuasion stage

follows as people form attitudes toward preventive actions—which was often influenced by

relatable content on social media. During [3] the decision stage, individuals decide whether to

adopt preventive behaviors. [4] In the implementation stage, these preventive actions are put

into practice and may include sharing knowledge within one’s community. Lastly, [5]

confirmation stage occurs as people seek reassurance for their choices.

The researchers apply Diffusion of Innovation Theory in order to show how social

media helps spread health information and encourages people to take action against Mpox.

This theory supports the idea that sharing clear information can lead to faster and wider

adoption of preventive actions. Through social media, health messages can reach many people,

which leads to higher levels of awareness.

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Conceptual Framework

To give a clear perspective of this study, the conceptual framework was presented in the

form of research paradigm compose of independent and dependent variables.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Awareness of Mpox
Social Media Platforms Prevention Strategies
1.1 Reliability
2.1 Knowledge of Mpox
1.2 Accessibility symptoms

1.3 Source of Information 2.2 Understanding of

Transmission
1.4 Type of social media
(Facebook, Instagram, 2.3 Attitude Towards Prevention
Tiktok, X)

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the study, which consists of two

variables: social media platforms as the independent variable and awareness as the dependent

variable. In this framework, social media platforms represent a crucial medium for

disseminating information and raising awareness, particularly in the context of health issues

like Mpox prevention. Awareness, as the dependent variable, refers to the level of knowledge

and understanding that individuals have regarding Mpox prevention strategies, influenced by

the information they encounter on social media.

This framework illustrates the relationship of the variables in the study, especially show

these social media platforms influence awareness among the individuals.

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Statement of the Problem

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of social media platforms in raising

awareness among individuals about mpox prevention strategies. Specifically, this study

sought to answer the following question:

1. To what extent do individuals perceive social media platforms in terms of:

1.1 Reliability

1.2 Accessibility

1.3 Source of Information

1.4 Type of social media (Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, X)

2. What is the awareness level of these individuals about Mpox prevention strategies in

terms of:

2.1 Knowledge of Mpox symptoms

2.2 Understanding of Transmission

2.3 Attitude Towards Prevention

3. Do social media platforms have significant effect in raising awareness among

individuals about Mpox prevention strategies?

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Hypothesis

In the light of the aforementioned objectives of the study, the null hypothesis was posited

at 0.05 significance level.

Social media platforms have no significant effect in raising awareness among individuals

about mpox prevention strategies.

Significance of the Study

“Social media platforms have the power to either empower or mislead.” — even our

group ourselves agrees upon this statement. The spread of misinformation on Mpox through

social media becomes a growing concern, especially as students and community members rely

heavily on these platforms for information. Therefore, this research will serve as a pathway to

determine the effectiveness of social media platforms in providing accurate information on

Mpox prevention.

Community Members. This study will offer community members insights into how

social media influences their understanding of Mpox prevention strategies, which they can use

to keep their community safe from the virus.

Future Researchers. Future researchers studying similar topics may find this study

helpful as a reference or basis for their own research, facilitating their pursuit of knowledge in

this field.
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Internet Users. This study will assess the influence of social media platforms in raising

awareness, helping internet users recognize their crucial role in spreading information. It will

encourage them to maximize their use of the internet in sharing factual information about the

virus.

Parents and Guardians. Parents and guardians may use this study to encourage and

guide their children in using technology to stay informed about current events, especially in

raising awareness about Mpox.

Readers. This study may contribute to readers' knowledge by providing new information

that can help them understand the impact of social media on awareness of the Mpox virus.

Researchers. This study will provide researchers with valuable information to help them

gain insights into how social media platforms contribute to raising awareness about Mpox

prevention in the community.

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Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the identification of social media on awareness towards prevention

strategies of Mpox, excluding direct health impacts of the disease. It aims to explore and

describe how social media influences the awareness of both youths and adults regarding

Mpox prevention. The primary subjects of this research consists of 100 respondents from

Brgy. Balibago, Santa Rosa, Laguna—which provides a focused examination of the residents'

engagement with social media platforms in raising awareness of health-related issues.

Moreover, the researchers specifically focused on participants who actively use social

media platforms, excluding those who do not frequently engage with these platforms, as their

experiences would fall outside the scope of this research.

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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptual and operational definition respectively to

further understand the research study:

Accessibility

Accessibility is the practice of making information, activities, and/or environments

sensible, meaningful, and usable for as many people as possible. (SeeWriteHear, 2024).

Accessibility is defined as the ease with which individuals can obtain and engage with

information about Mpox prevention on social media, taking into account any barriers that may

hinder their access.

Adoption

Adoption is the decision-making process to make full use of an innovation as the best

course of action available. (Basu.org,2020) "Adoption" is specifically defined as the

acceptance and use of Mpox prevention information by individuals through social media

platforms.

Awareness

Knowledge that something exists, or understanding of a situation or subject at the present

time based on information or experience: (Cambridge Dictionary). Awareness of Mpox

prevention is defined as individuals' understanding of strategies that can minimize the risk of

spreading the disease.

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Diffusion

The process by which particles of one substance spread out through the particles of

another substance (BBC, 2025). Diffusion operationally refers to the spread of information or

knowledge about Mpox prevention across social media platforms.

Prevention

Prevention (a.k.a. preventive health) is any action taken to keep people healthy, and

prevent or avoid risk of poor health, illness, injury and early death (Australian Prevention

Partnership Centre 2021). Prevention involves measures taken to stop the spread of Mpox,

which this research aims -to assess in relation to social media platforms.

Reliability

Reliability tells us if a psychology assessment gives us consistent results. When

something has high reliability, it helps us trust the results. (Verywell Mind, 2023). Reliability

is defined as the degree to which the information shared on social media platforms regarding

Mpox prevention is consistent and trustworthy.

Social Media

Forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and

microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information

(Merriam-Webster, 2025). Social media is defined as a platform where people interact, create,

share, and exchange information, particularly through virtual networks like Facebook,

Instagram, or Twitter. It plays a crucial role in the spread of health information in this study.
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Source of Information

The degree to which social influence, advertising, published reviews, and exposure to a

technology influence the development of an individuals normative beliefs (Brown &

Venkatesh, 2005; Rogers, 2003). In this study, it refers to any digital medium, such as social

media platforms, websites, or online articles, that provides relevant data and knowledge on

Mpox and its prevention.

Symptoms

A symptom is an effect noticed and experienced only by the person who has the

condition. The key difference between signs and symptoms is who observes the effect

(MedicalNewsToday, 2023). Symptoms in the context of this research, are the signs

experienced by individuals that may indicate the presence of Mpox.

Transmission

A passage or transfer, as of a disease from one individual to another or of neutral

impulses from one neuron to another (Learn biology Online, 2021). Transmission refers to the

process by which Mpox is passed from one person to another, either through direct contact or

other means.
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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This chapter presents the related literature and research that have influenced and

contributed to the conceptualization of this study. It includes various works, such as books,

journals, articles, and other sources, which are examined to highlight and support the claims

of this research.

Review of Related Literature

Reliability

The reliability of information shared on social media is uncertain—just as no one can be

sure how trustworthy the content on these platforms is, as it varies depending on the source.

The University of Edinburgh (2023) describes how social media has led to an "infodemic,"

where both true and false information spread widely, sometimes making it hard to tell what is

real. It is believed that most of the misleading stories and exaggerated claims draw the

public's attention much more powerfully than facts (Dizikes, 2018; Iglesias, 2023)—so there

is no point in denying that this can actually cause confusion and spread misinformation

among users. Likewise— researchers from BMJ Global Health reported that TikTok videos

about Mpox often contain incomplete and inaccurate details (Dall, 2023; Shi et al., 2023).

They caution that relying on TikTok or any social media platform for health information can

be risky, as many of these videos, which are thought to be reliable, are actually poor-quality

and biased. This results in an infodemic on social media which can mislead many individuals,
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specifically the younger generation, who rely on it to find updates regarding health; hence, it

is important to address the inaccuracies prevalent in the information they encounter. This

exposure makes them take much misinformation and other unfounded facts literally, which

has dangerous outcomes for public health amid outbreaks.

Accessibility

Social media platforms have the power to reach people worldwide (Arise, 2024)—

meaning that information shared here can be seen by almost anyone with internet access. Due

to this extensive reach, social media has evolved from merely being a communication tool to

becoming an important tool for health promotion. Health organizations and professionals now

utilize these platforms to disseminate information regarding disease prevention, healthy

lifestyles, and treatment options (Roy and Malloy, 2023). Consequently, health-related

information on social media is widely accessible, which facilitates easy access for individuals

across the globe.

Despite the many benefits that social media offers, barriers still exist that hinder some

individuals from accessing vital health information. For example, those living in rural areas

often have limited internet access, which can prevent them from getting timely health updates

(Michelle, 2024). Additionally, some users may lack the necessary skills to navigate social

media effectively which makes it difficult for them to find important health resources

(Russell, 2024). Language differences also pose a challenge (Cusp, 2023), as we can

sometimes observe that not all health information is available in multiple languages—

therefore, there is no point in denying that it limits accessibility for non-native speakers.
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“Using clear and simple language benefits everyone, not just users with cognitive disabilities,

by making information easier to understand and navigate. Shorter sentences, avoidance of

jargon, and the use of common words reduce cognitive load and improve comprehension for

all users.” (Michelle, 2024). These barriers create gaps in access to health information,

particularly for vulnerable populations who may need it the most. It is essential to address

these challenges to ensure that everyone can benefit from the wealth of information available

online. “The true power of social media can only be realised when it is accessible to

everyone, including individuals with disabilities and those in rural areas.” (Russell, 2024).

While social media has made health information more accessible, not everyone can

benefit equally from this availability. Dossiaky (2023) highlights that various barriers still

prevent some individuals from accessing accurate health content. Therefore, it is important to

tackle these challenges to make sure everyone can access health information, specifically

regarding Mpox.

Source of Information

With technology moving fast, we now have access to more information than ever—from

traditional books we tend to rely on for verified knowledge to endless sources we can easily

access online. Digital Content Next (2023) points out that social media has become essential

for many people, whether for staying in touch, finding out what is happening around us, or

merely for entertainment. But the thing here is—while social media connects us, it also brings

risks, such as the spread of false information and hate speech. That is the reason why it is

important for everyone to understand the potential downsides of relying too heavily on these
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platforms. When used without care, social media can fuel misunderstandings and even divide

communities (Carter & Shields, 2021).

User preferences for obtaining news and updates have shifted significantly in recent years

(MMR Research Associates, 2022), with many people gravitating towards social media

platforms for their information needs. A survey conducted by the Digital Global News Report

(2024) found that a substantial percentage of respondents now rely on platforms like

Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as their main sources of news regarding Mpox. This trend

shows how social media is becoming more important in shaping what people think and how

information is spread. Because of this, it is essential for users to check if the content they see

is trustworthy. The quick access to information on these platforms makes them popular, yet it

also raises concerns about the quality and accuracy of the information shared.

Despite these risks, social media offers significant benefits, especially in the field of

healthcare. Roy and Malloy (2023) mention that social media provides healthcare

professionals with creative ways to connect with the public, using engaging visuals like

videos, infographics, and other media formats. These engaging formats make the information

more interesting and easier to understand for everyone, including those who may struggle

with reading. According to a study from the National Library of Medicine (2023), such

visuals can greatly enhance health understanding, especially for individuals who find text-

based information challenging to follow. By utilizing these formats, health information

becomes more accessible to diverse audiences, including those who might not easily grasp

traditional resources.
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Power of Social Media

Primarily, through the power of social media, awareness of Mpox spreads within the

communities (Ren et al., 2023). It allows people to share important information and personal

stories, which helps others understand what this disease looks like and how it feels. By

connecting with health experts and organizations, users can easily access trustworthy advice

and a sense of control over this move. Platforms, like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, can

enable this vital information to spread quickly (Dollarhide, 2024)—which aims to create a

sense of community and shared responsibility in keeping everyone safe. There are different

social media platforms that individuals can use to disseminate Mpox information: Facebook,

Instagram, Tiktok, etc.

Facebook

Facebook is a popular social media platform that allows users to connect, share

information, and communicate with friends and communities around the world (Gratton,

2024). This platform allows users to post updates, articles, and videos related to Mpox—

which makes it easier for others, such as their friends and followers, to learn about the disease

and its symptoms. Furthermore—Duquesne University mentioned that health organizations

now utilize social media platforms, like Facebook, to share reliable updates and prevention

tips that reach a broad audience—as it has 3.05 billion daily active users (Team, 2024).
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Instagram

Instagram, a visual-based social media platform, has become an essential tool for sharing

health information. Researches have shown that visually engaging content, such as

infographics and videos, can effectively convey health information and grab people’s

attention (Kushwaha, 2024). Platforms like Instagram are particularly effective in reaching

younger audiences, who tend to like visual content more than written text. Additionally, the

use of hashtags and Instagram stories help spread health messages even further (Abdullayeva,

2024)—which makes it easy for users to find and share information about Mpox. As such,

Instagram use is not merely information dissemination but is also part of the social perception

and behavior of any health subject—like Mpox.

TikTok

TikTok is currently the most downloaded app worldwide, boasting a billion monthly

active users. Recently, the platform extended its video duration to 10 minutes, enhancing its

ability to share information in a way similar to other platforms like YouTube (Ji-Xu et al.,

2022). This allows for entertaining and creative videos that not only capture attention but also

educate viewers about important topics like Mpox. According to a 2023 study by BMJ Global

Health, most creators were categorized as doctors, science communicators, institutions,

nurses, other healthcare workers, and everyday people. By leveraging health- related content

on TikTok, it can make health messages more relatable and memorable that encourage

viewers to share this information and raise awareness about Mpox within their communities

(Shi et al., 2023; Dall, 2023).

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X (Twitter)

Twitter, now called X, has become a vital tool for sharing information during the Mpox

outbreak. Following the World Health Organization's declaration of a public health

emergency in July 2022, many studies showed how researchers and health organizations used

Twitter to quickly share updates about Mpox, including details on symptoms and vaccination

guidelines (Zhang et al., 2024). Ahn et al. (2024) found that tweets with accurate health

information were often shared and retweeted, which helped spread the information further.

This quick access to updates allowed people to stay informed about Mpox symptoms,

prevention tips, and where to get vaccinated. Twitter's ability to foster discussions and engage

the community made it even more effective in raising awareness and understanding of health

issues.

Knowledge of Mpox Symptoms

Awareness of Mpox symptoms plays a vital role in achieving early diagnosis and

effective intervention. The World Health Organization (2024) identifies key symptoms of

Mpox—such as fever, rash, headache, and swollen lymph nodes—to help the public recognize

potential signs of infection. Understanding these symptoms can help individuals recognize

when they might be infected and seek medical attention promptly.

A journal from the National Library of Medicine reports that many individuals confuse

Mpox symptoms with those of other illnesses, such as chickenpox or measles—to the point

that it became the reason why there is a delay in seeking appropriate medical care.

“Monkeypox disease presentation is often confused with other febrile rash illness.” (Hughes
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et al., 2020). This confusion sheds light on the need for clear educational materials that can

effectively communicate the specific symptoms associated with Mpox.

The use of social media platforms has emerged as a powerful tool for increasing

awareness of Mpox symptoms. Social media provides a space for individuals to share their

personal experiences with Mpox symptoms. This peer-to-peer sharing can be powerful; as one

participant noted in findings from the BMJ Public Health (2023), “You’d see people with

symptoms. You’d see people actually talking about their own experiences.” Such narratives

help demystify the disease and make the information more relatable, which can truly help

enabling others to recognize symptoms they may encounter.

A better understanding of Mpox symptoms significantly influences individuals' decisions

to seek medical care. When people know what signs to watch for, they are more likely to

recognize when they might be sick and seek help sooner. “Knowing what is happening to you,

and what is likely to happen next, can give you back some sense of control over your body.”

(Science Museum, 2019). This can improve their chances of getting effective treatment and

reduce the risk of spreading the Mpox virus to others— which basically contributes to the

overall safety of the community as a whole.

Understanding of Transmission

Understanding Mpox symptoms goes hand-in-hand with knowing how the disease

spreads between people. The World Health Organization (2024) pinpoints that Mpox can be

transmitted through close contact with individuals who are infected, contaminated materials,

or with infected animals. The said organization also identifies that Mpox can be transmitted
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through having sexual contact, whether vaginal or anal, with someone who has been

diagnosed by Mpox. Mpox spreads easily through close contact, so one can reasonably

conclude that it is a highly contagious disease. Recognizing this fact would be a great help to

know the importance of being cautious, especially in situations where close contact is

common. Knowing these risks will allow people to take the necessary steps to protect

themselves and others, which serves as a foundation for making informed choices that help

limit the virus's spread and keep communities safer.

Building on the understanding of how symptoms influence health-seeking behavior, it is

essential to recognize the role of social media in public health promotion, particularly in

sharing information about Mpox and its transmission processes. BMJ Public Health (2023)

emphasized the significant role of social media in the mpox outbreak as platforms to

disseminate relevant information. This implies that citizens were able to receive and access

updates from different organizations—like WHO—regarding the spread of mpox. Even so,

we cannot escape the reality that social media is prone to misinformation, especially regarding

health-related issues like Mpox transmission. Misinformation about how Mpox spreads is

rampant online, with many individuals falsely asserting that the virus is exclusively

transmitted among men who have sex with men. Some even go so far as to claim that the

Biden/Harris Administration is deliberately infecting people with the virus as a means of

imposing tyrannical social control measures (Murney, 2024). Dr. Ostrosky clarifies that

“sexual contact is sexual contact,” noting that the virus can be transmitted efficiently through

both homosexual and heterosexual activities. (Murney, 2024). This misinformation not only

distorts public understanding but also stigmatizes certain groups (Decean et al. 2022) —
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which could make it harder for people to take the right steps to prevent the spread of the virus.

Misinformation about mpox has included myths related to its transmission, often unfairly

associating it with specific communities, particularly LGBTQIAPN+ groups (Edinger et al.

2023) — which supports the idea that it could perpetuate stigma. Thus — by increasing

awareness of how Mpox spreads, social media gives people the tools they need to take

important steps to protect themselves and their communities. This greater understanding helps

improve public health efforts to fight the disease. In the end, when individuals are informed,

they can make better choices that benefit everyone around them. When individuals are

informed, they can make better choices that benefit everyone around them (ScienceDaily,

2020).

Attitude Towards Prevention

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that can spread from animals to

humans and between people. Symptoms include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes —

which calls attention to the importance of educating people about these signs and the

preventive measures they can take. Recent publications indicate that individuals' attitudes can

significantly influence their health behaviors. When individuals have a positive attitude

toward prevention strategies—like getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and keeping a

safe distance from others—they are more likely to follow these measures. Believing that

prevention methods work can motivate people to take important steps to protect themselves

and those around them. This statement is strongly backed by the findings from Kautiainen et

al. (2019), where it is evident that underestimating risks and having a “negative attitude

toward health promotion can prevent people from making healthier choices.” Thus —
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confidence in the effectiveness of prevention methods can motivate individuals to take

significant measures to protect themselves and others.

Several factors influence attitudes towards Mpox prevention, including knowledge,

perceived vulnerability, and social environment (Abdelrahman et al., 2024; Howard et al.,

2024). It has been observed that understanding how Mpox spreads and what the symptoms are

can help people feel more positive about preventing the disease. For this reason, 'low levels of

knowledge can lead to fear and misunderstanding, which can negatively affect attitudes and

increase the likelihood of risky behaviors' (Alves, 2023). How individuals perceive their

vulnerability to Mpox significantly also influences their attitudes toward prevention. People

who feel they are at higher risk—such as those living in communal settings or having close

contact with infected individuals—are more likely to engage in preventive behaviors. This

assertion is substantiated by evidence: “Persons living in congregate settings, like correctional

and detention facilities, are at increased risk for infectious diseases, including Mpox. The

transmission of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has been associated with communal housing

and activities common in these facilities, such as sharing clothing, linens, and personal

items.” (Howard et al., 2024). Lastly — it is said that social surroundings also influence

attitudes toward Mpox prevention. When communities support one another and address

stigma, individuals feel more comfortable seeking information and taking preventive

measures. Promoting open discussions about Mpox and providing accessible resources can

encourage people to take action without fear of judgment (Howard et al. 2024).
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Review of Related Study

Reliability

The reliability of health information found on social media is undeniably a concern due to

the inconsistent quality of the content shared across various platforms. Research describes

social media as a double-edged sword in health communication, as it can offer both

advantages and disadvantages (Edinger, 2024; Garcia-Iglesias, 2023). While it allows

individuals to quickly access information about health issues like Mpox, it also facilitates the

spread of a significant amount of false information. The aforementioned study indicates that

misleading posts often garner more attention than accurate facts, leading to confusion and

misunderstanding among the public. “Within a few weeks of the first reported mpox cases, an

avalanche of mostly false, misleading, irrelevant, and damaging information started to

circulate on social media” (Edinger et al., 2024). This rampant spread of misinformation

poses a considerable risk to public health, as individuals may make decisions based on

inaccurate and incomplete information. Additionally — “Official institutions, including the

WHO, acted promptly, providing case reports and accurate information within weeks, but

were overshadowed by rapidly spreading social media chatter.” (Edinger et al., 2024). The

allure of sensationalized content often overshadows factual reporting—which further

complicates the public's ability to discern reliable sources.

On a brighter note, there are studies that suggest that social media, despite its reliability

challenges, has become a useful tool for disseminating information — however, it is up to the

readers to consider the accuracy of the content they view online. It is evident from the
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findings of a study conducted by Garcia-Iglesias et al. (2023), who noted that "participants

described how social media had played a key role in their experiences of responding to

Mpox," with many consistently mentioning Twitter as the most relevant platform—as they

conclude the benefits of using social media platforms: [1] disseminating relevant information,

[2] allowing for collaboration and advocacy, [3] and tackling stigma. Within the same said

study, the researchers conclude that the use of social media platforms provides several

benefits: [1] disseminating relevant information enables users to stay informed about health

issues like Mpox — which is critical for timely awareness and response; [2] collaboration and

advocacy are fostered as individuals and organizations come together to share resources,

strategies, and support in their efforts to combat the virus; and [3] tackling stigma becomes

more manageable as open discussions take place, which helps in creating a more informed

and compassionate community.

At the same time, social media has also facilitated the emergence of an 'infodemic,' which

the World Health Organization (2023) defines as "too much information including false or

misleading information in digital and physical environments during a disease outbreak." This

duality reflects the inherent challenges posed by social media: while it can enhance

communication and connection among individuals, it can also lead to the rapid spread of

misinformation. Recognizing the dual nature of social media—its potential for both harm and

benefit—can help individuals to make informed decisions.

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Accessibility

In an era where a single post can go viral in seconds, the accessibility of information on

social media has transformed how we connect, communicate, and learn about critical health

issues. Social media platforms have become powerful tools, reaching people worldwide and

simultaneously serving as a medium for health promotion and

public awareness. A research study highlights that as the world becomes increasingly

digitalized, the way we communicate scientific information evolves, directly impacting

human health and disease (Barton, 2023).

Just as helpful the availability of information on social media is, there are certain

limitations and barriers concerning this matter. One of the major concerns is the exclusionary

nature of certain social media networks. As a research study highlights; “Networks that exist

on social media are very biased and they are leaving behind those who don’t speak English,

who don’t have access to the internet or do not have access to those networks, and that tends

to be people who need most support, because they’re the most vulnerable…” (May et. al.,

2023). This implies that those people whose native is not the universal language and people

who do not have internet access tend to be uninformed and are left behind the latest updates

regarding the disease. In line with these challenges — a respondent from a research study

noted; “Not having a massive audience on Twitter, like [a large flagship sexual health clinic

in the UK] has made it difficult to put out our own messages. We did put some things on

social media but it is quite hard to reach people so we mostly retweeted stuff other people put

out.” (Garcia-Iglesias et. al., 2023) — emphasizing the fact that not everyone uses such
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platforms where Mpox and other health information is available. In addition — another

barrier that can be considered is the tendency of the user to adapt stigmatized language such

that they term the Monkeypox disease as “gay disease” or “monkey disease” (El Dine et. al.,

2024) — leading to misinformation which may delay the alarming state of the virus to other

citizens due to disciminatory language. These kinds of barriers go against the concept of

Mpox information being accessible to everyone as these limitations hinders people’s chance

to think of prevention strategies that they may use to deal with the virus. This matter must be

addressed because the availability of information on social media was incorporated to the

advantage of people, especially for those who are vulnerable to the disease and so it should be

accessible enough for the benefit of everyone.

Engagement and access are crucial in ensuring that information on social media is

actually helpful for people in a way that consideration for different situations may help in

modifying its accessibility. Social mobility, poverty, and wider social and structural

determinants of health and their immediate effect on healthcare are essential things to

consider (Paparani et. al., 2022). And the digital world should be taking note that; “Social

media’s potential is fully realized only when it is accessible to everyone, including people

with disabilities, being stigmatized, and those in remote or rural communities.” (Russell,

2024).

Source of Information

Our world is currently in a technological era, marked by rapid advancements in the field

of technology. As a result, we now have greater access to information than ever before
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(Conrad et al. 2020). While we still rely on traditional sources like newspapers for trusted

knowledge, we can now find similar information readily available on social media

platforms—which highlights the rise of social media as a new source of news. According to a

Pew Research Center (2024) study, “Some social media sites – despite having relatively small

overall audiences – stand out as destinations for news among many of their users.” This

shows that social media sites can provide valuable news that connects with users’ interests.

“Facebook and YouTube outpace all other social media sites as places where Americans

regularly get news. About a third of U.S. adults say they regularly get news on each of these

two sites.”

According to an article from BMJ Public Health, it shows that individuals prefer specific

formats for receiving information about Mpox, particularly visual content that is engaging and

easy to understand. Many people opt to consume knowledge through watching videos on

platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook Reels rather than reading large amounts of

text (Shi et al., 2024). A study by Roy and Malloy (2023) found that these formats are favored

because they simplify complex health information and make it more accessible, especially for

those who have difficulty reading—as they can simply listen to consume the information. The

National Library of Medicine (2023) further confirms that visual aids, such as infographics

found on X and Instagram, can enhance understanding and retention of health topics. In fact,

the official website of the United States government—Communication and Social Media

Resources (2024)—also utilizes infographics for this same purpose. “These resources are

often available in English, Spanish, and other languages” — which actually improves its

accessibility across different countries with different languages.

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Lastly—it is said that the ability to correctly remember where one obtained information is

crucial for assessing its reliability and for locating it later. The way news is shared on social

media can create confusion regarding sources. For instance, approximately 70% of the time,

individuals mistakenly identified certain televised advertisements that resembled news reports

as actual news. A study published in March 2020 entitled “Cognitive Research: Principles and

Implications” explored how various generations recall the content and sources of information

from social media compared to traditional news outlets. The results indicated that both

younger and older individuals remembered content from social media more effectively than

that from traditional news sources (Bourne et al., 2020). Additionally, the aforementioned

study also revealed that when the content and format of a news headline do not align,

participants are less likely to recall where they encountered the information. Older

adults were particularly inclined to believe that a news headline originated from a traditional

source rather than from a social media post. Consequently, it is common for individuals to

forget where they found specific information, particularly when it was accessed via social

media. These findings imply that the blurring of lines between traditional news outlets and

social media platforms may impact people's memories regarding the sources of the

information they consume.

The Power of Social Media

Social media has demonstrated its effectiveness as a powerful tool during the Mpox

outbreak—greatly influencing information dissemination, public engagement, and health

promotion. Social media platforms were crucial for the swift sharing of information regarding

mpox, including symptoms, vaccination availability, and preventive measures. This rapid
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dissemination helped keep communities informed during a critical public health crisis

utilizing various platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (now X), and TikTok—as

highlighted in the research entitled “Social Media as a Public Health Tool During the UK

Mpox Outbreak” (2023).

Facebook

Facebook played a significant role in disseminating health information during the Mpox

outbreak. According to Bragazzi et al. (2024), “Tweets and Facebook posts are used to

discover the popular discussions regarding Mpox.” This means that people turned to

Facebook not just for news, but also to join conversations about the virus. Health

organizations created dedicated pages and groups where they shared updates on Mpox

symptoms, vaccination options, and safety tips. What made Facebook especially effective was

its community feel. The platform’s ability to create event pages and promote vaccination

drives allowed health authorities to reach a broader audience—as Facebook being the most

popular social network in the world, with 3.05 billion monthly active users (Team, 2024;

McLachlan, 2024)—where they can observe the interactive nature of

Facebook, which allows them to ask questions and share experiences about what they

experienced with Mpox or what they actually knew regarding it.

Instagram

Among the various social media platforms, Instagram stands out as one of globally

popular choices, with 2.4 billion users worldwide. During the Mpox outbreak, Instagram
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became an important tool for sharing information visually, which tended to help health

organizations to communicate key messages in a way that was easy for people to understand

(Kushwaha, 2024; Thakur, 2024). The same study—that was entitled “Mpox Narrative on

Instagram” in Cornell University—points out that health organizations effectively used

Instagram Stories and posts to share eye-catching infographics and short videos about Mpox

symptoms and prevention strategies. The visually appealing nature of the content made

complex information more digestible, particularly for younger audiences. Health

organizations also implemented strategic hashtag campaigns, which makes it easier for users

to find relevant content and engage with the community, further amplifying their reach and

impact.

X (Twitter)

X, formerly known as twitter, became an important platform during the mpox outbreak,

especially after the World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency in July

2022. Zhang et al. (2024), from his research entitled “Characteristics,

Influence, Prevention, and Control Measures of the Mpox Infodemic: Scoping Review of

Infodemiology Studies”, noted that X was the most popular social media app used by

researchers, with 52% relying on it for information about mpox. This platform allowed users

to quickly share updates as the number of searches about mpox increased following important

announcements from the WHO. However, misinformation also spread on X, including

negative and harmful content aimed at the LGBTQ+ community. This shows how crucial it is
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to share accurate and clear information to help combat false narratives and protect those at

risk from the mpox infodemic.

On Twitter, discussions about mpox were much broader. A study by Ortiz-Martínez et al.

(2022) looked at the top 100 tweets from late May 2022 and found that more than half

contained false information. Additionally, 20% of the tweets were humorous or not serious.

The most common type of misinformation suggested that the mpox outbreak was a

conspiracy. This shows how important it is to fact-check the information shared on social

media, especially during health crises. Despite these challenges, Twitter was instrumental in

sharing timely and reliable information during the outbreak. The World Health Organization

(WHO), for instance, used Twitter to update the public on case definitions, vaccination

guidelines, and preventive measures, which helps to counter misinformation with credible and

easily accessible updates.

Tiktok

Given TikTok's rise as a prominent source of health information—boasting over 1 billion

users in 2022—public health officials have a significant opportunity to utilize this platform

for effective communication (Ji-Xu, 2022). TikTok, which was once primarily known for

entertainment, quickly became a vital tool for raising awareness about Mpox. The platform's

short videos allowed health experts to share crucial details about Mpox symptoms, safety tips,

and vaccination benefits in a way that captured users’ attention. For instance, healthcare-

focused accounts like @mydoctorsg and @truaku.tv (2024) have successfully created videos

that focus on Mpox awareness and prevention strategies—wherein they utilize hashtags such
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as #mpoxawareness and #mpoxprevention to reach a wider audience. This approach not only

promotes important health information but also engages the community in discussions about

Mpox, which effectively demonstrates the platform's effectiveness in disseminating critical

messages about public health. Moreover, TikTok’s interactive features, such as 'duets' and

'stitches,' encouraged users to engage with the content, share their stories, and ask questions,

which results in a collaborative environment for learning. This interaction helped clear up

misunderstandings and reduce stigma surrounding Mpox (CO—by US Chamber of

Commerce, 2023; SocialBlaze, 2023).

Knowledge of Mpox Symptoms

Understanding Mpox symptoms is crucial for enabling early detection and intervention,

both of which play a critical role in managing the disease effectively and preventing its spread

within the community. Common indicators of Mpox infection—such as fever, skin rashes,

persistent headaches, and swollen lymph nodes—which serve as primary signs that can assist

individuals in recognizing the early stages of the disease. This aligns with the findings from

the research titled "Clinical Manifestations of Human Mpox Infection" — the pooled

prevalence of clinical features of Mpox includes rash (85.7%), fever (62.3%),

lymphadenopathy (58.6%), headache (34.6%), etc. (Shin et al., 2023). This data was gathered

from twenty-six relevant articles covering 19 countries across five continents, analyzing

information on 5,472 Mpox patients with 18 clinical features. Recognizing these early

warning signs is crucial, as it encourages individuals to promptly seek medical attention—

which not only aids in managing their health but also plays a vital role in controlling the

spread of the virus. “Disseminating clear information about the signs and symptoms of the
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disease among the general population is essential, as these measures will effectively

contribute to mitigating the impact of Mpox” (León- Figueroa et al., 2024). However, there is

often confusion surrounding these symptoms, as they can resemble those of other illnesses—

such as chickenpox or measles. This similarity frequently leads to delays in seeking

appropriate care, as individuals may misinterpret their symptoms and dismiss them as less

serious. “The general mpox symptoms are similar to chickenpox and measles, thus leading to

a possible misdiagnosis.” (Rabaan et al. 2023). Thus — to address this issue, social media has

become a prominent tool in raising awareness about Mpox symptoms (Gallo et al., 2024).

These platforms not only provide fast access to information but also allow people to share

personal experiences, which creates a sense of connection and trust among users. Many

individuals find it beneficial to witness others discussing the symptoms they have

encountered, as this interaction renders the information more relatable and applicable to their

own situations. One participant in the research conducted by Garcia-Iglesias (2023) remarked,

“You’d see people with symptoms. You’d see people actually talking about their own

experiences”. Such narratives can help demystify the disease and encourage individuals to

seek medical attention sooner if they notice similar symptoms in themselves. This peer-based

sharing of experiences can actually encourage individuals to be more vigilant regarding

potential symptoms. By observing firsthand accounts, individuals may become more

reflective about their own health and better equipped to recognize signs they might have

previously overlooked. Furthermore, the immediacy of social media allows for real-time

updates on Mpox cases and the latest health recommendations (Wilson et al. 2021), which can

motivate individuals to take timely action. Exposure to a variety of personal narratives

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enhances understanding of the diverse manifestations of symptoms, which highlights the

importance of seeking medical advice when they notice anything unusual. Moreover, social

media's role in health awareness goes beyond symptom recognition; it also helps to reduce

misinformation and stigma related to Mpox. Platforms like Twitter, TikTok, and Facebook

allow both health organizations and individuals to share accurate information widely that

fosters a more informed public.

Understanding of Transmission

Understanding the symptoms of Mpox is essential for early detection and intervention,

which can significantly influence how the disease is managed. Awareness of the disease’s

transmission is equally important, as Mpox spreads through close contact with infected

individuals, contaminated materials, and infected animals. This also includes sexual contact,

whether vaginal or anal, with someone diagnosed with Mpox. Based on the research titled

"Mpox Respiratory Transmission: The State of the Evidence" by Styczynski et al. (2023) —

transmission of MPXV can occur through various routes and sources of infection. Due to its

similarities to the variola virus (smallpox) and historical observations, it is widely believed

that MPXV can be acquired through percutaneous exposure, such as contact with broken skin;

direct contact with mucous membranes in the mouth, vagina, or rectum; and inhalation of

infectious particles into the respiratory tract. Sources of infection include infected humans or

animals, as well as contaminated fomites—objects or materials that carry infectious agents.

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A figure illustrating these routes and sources of infection is provided below.

Figure 2. Transmission of mpox based on study from Beeson (2023)

Because of its highly contagious nature, recognizing these risks is critical for individuals,

especially in situations that involve close interactions. By understanding how Mpox spreads,

people can take proactive measures to protect themselves and their communities (Zhang et al.,

2023)—thereby reducing the virus's transmission and enhancing overall safety. The impact of

social media on public health awareness cannot be overstated, as it serves as a powerful

conduit for information exchange during health crises like the Mpox outbreak. For instance,
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initiatives launched by health authorities on social media aim to educate the public about

Mpox transmission routes. However, the dynamic nature of social media also presents

challenges, as misinformation can spread just as quickly as accurate information. Such

misinformation can complicate public understanding, with some narratives inaccurately

suggesting that transmission occurs solely among specific groups, such as men who have sex

with men (Zhang et al. 2023; Huang, 2024). In response, some users—particularly those from

the LGBTQ+ community, especially gay individuals who have faced stigmatization—have

taken to social media to defend themselves and express their perspectives on Mpox and the

misinformation surrounding it. Users share personal experiences and challenge the narratives

that unfairly associate the virus with their community. Such posts, as analyzed in the study by

Bauermeister (2024) titled Mpox Discourse on Twitter from Sexual Minority Men and

Gender Diverse (SMMGD) Individuals, reflect the efforts of community members to confront

misinformation surrounding Mpox. For instance, messages like "Dear straight people, mpox is

not an STD, and it does not only affect gay men" and "MONKEYPOX IS NOT A GAY

DISEASE.” “Anyone can get monkeypox. Anyone can transmit. You do not have to have

sex to transmit it" — emphasize that Mpox can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation.

This misinformation can cause confusion, which undeniably needs to be addressed so that

people can access accurate information and members of the community can stop receiving

such discrimination. By clarifying the true nature of Mpox transmission and countering

harmful stereotypes, people can foster a more informed and supportive environment that helps

protect everyone's health and well-being.

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Attitude Towards Prevention

People's attitudes play a significant role in shaping their health behaviors. When

individuals have a positive outlook on prevention methods—like getting vaccinated, keeping

good hygiene practices, and staying a safe distance from others—they are more likely to

follow these guidelines. For instance, if someone believes that vaccines are effective and

important, they may be more inclined to get vaccinated themselves and encourage others to do

the same. An article from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) notes that

individuals who suspect they have mpox symptoms or have been exposed to the virus are

likely to reach out to public STI clinics, health departments, or community-based

organizations for information and access to vaccines, testing, and other services. In addition to

seeking medical assistance, people with mpox may also want to notify their contacts to alert

them of potential exposure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024). This proactive

communication can help others take necessary precautions to protect themselves and prevent

further transmission of the virus.

The research conducted by Abdolreza et al. (2024) reveals that healthcare workers

(HCWs) exhibited positive attitudes toward mpox. Such positive attitudes are essential for

effective disease control and prevention, as they significantly influence the willingness of

HCWs to participate in crucial activities like surveillance, reporting, and implementing

preventive measures. When healthcare professionals feel confident and optimistic about the

management of mpox, they are more likely to actively engage in practices that help mitigate

the spread of the disease—thereby enhancing the overall response to the epidemic. “Positive

attitudes are crucial for effective disease control and prevention efforts, as they drive the
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willingness of HCWs to engage in surveillance, reporting and implementation of preventive

measures." (Jahrom et al., 2023). Although it is necessary to have a good attitude and

knowledge, it seems that the fear created in society and HCWs regarding the creation of a new

deadly pandemic after the experience of COVID- 19 has created a higher good attitude

(Jahrom et al., 2023).

According to research— that was entitled "Mpox knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and

intended behaviour”—guided by various theories related to psychological factors influencing

health behaviors, the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is particularly relevant. This

theory suggests that individuals’ intentions to engage in protective behaviors are influenced

by their assessment of the threat, which includes their perceived susceptibility to and severity

of diseases like mpox (Brainard et al., 2022) — as well as their coping responses. These

coping responses encompass their beliefs about the effectiveness of actions such as testing,

self-isolation, contact tracing, and vaccination, along with their confidence in their ability to

carry out these actions effectively (Brainard et al., 2022). “Intention to engage in protective

behaviours in the general population was also associated with psychological factors such as

greater worry about mpox, perceived risk of mpox to others (but there was little evidence of

an association with perceived risk to oneself), perceived susceptibility and severity of mpox,

and greater knowledge about transmission.” (Brainard et al., 2022). Thus — a good attitude

about preventing mpox can help people follow safe practices and reduce the spread of the

virus.
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Synthesis of the Study

The potential causal relationship between the independent variable (social media) and the

dependent variable (awareness level) highlights how crucial both elements are in addressing

public health concerns. As outlined, the effectiveness of social media in spreading

information relies heavily on the accuracy and reliability of the content shared. If users fail to

verify the sources of information they encounter on platforms like Facebook and TikTok, it

can lead to misunderstandings about Mpox symptoms, which can delay timely medical care.

This connection indicates that merely having access to information is not enough; the quality

of that information is equally important in preventing negative health outcomes. Moreover,

the integration of awareness regarding Mpox symptoms and transmission further emphasizes

the significance of social media in fostering informed health behaviors. The interaction

between understanding symptoms—like fever and rash—and knowing how Mpox spreads can

encourage individuals to adopt preventive measures. However, the presence of

misinformation can weaken these efforts, particularly within marginalized communities,

reinforcing the need for accurate educational resources. Thus — examining these

interconnected variables not only sheds light on their individual importance but also enriches

our understanding of public health dynamics. This approach contributes to a more

comprehensive framework for improving community health through informed decision-

making.
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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of the: research design, population and sampling technique,

respondents of the study, research instrument and its validation, procedures of data gathering,

and statistical treatment that are indeed essential to the research for the study that is taking

place.

Research Design

The researchers utilized a Correlational-Quantitative Approach. The research design is

based on survey research to collect data that aligns with the objectives of the study. Survey

research is defined as “collecting information from a sample of individuals based on their

responses to specific questions” (Porr, 2024). This study focuses on understanding the

relationship between social media usage and awareness of Mpox prevention strategies among

residents.

Survey research was utilized and motivated in this study by the following factors: flexible

and powerful tool that enables researchers to gather information from a large sample of

individuals, understand their awareness levels, and analyze how social media influences these

levels. It provides useful insights into how often people see Mpox-related information on

social media and how this connects to their awareness of prevention strategies. Additionally,

survey studies are reliable—which makes them a good choice for examining the relationship

between these factors.

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Population and Sampling Technique

In this study, interpreting the respondents' answers means looking closely at the

information they shared to understand their awareness and attitudes toward Mpox prevention

strategies. The respondents, who are residents of Brgy. Balibago, Santa Rosa, Laguna, have

different experiences, backgrounds, and personal traits, so their responses need careful

analysis. The researchers used the Simple Random Sampling Technique, where every resident

had an equal chance of being selected. This method ensures that the sample represents the

population fairly, which allows the study to gain a clear and unbiased understanding of the

community's awareness and attitudes toward Mpox prevention. By using this approach, the

researchers can analyze general trends and insights on how residents receive and respond to

Mpox prevention information.

The respondents of this study are 100 residents from Brgy. Balibago, Santa Rosa, Laguna.

They were chosen using the Simple Random Sampling Technique, meaning everyone had an

equal chance of being selected. Even though the study included 50 youth (13-19 years old)

and 50 adults (20 years and above), the data was not divided into groups during the statistical

analysis, based on the statistician’s recommendation. This method ensures a fair and accurate

understanding of how residents, regardless of age, are aware of Mpox prevention.

This research will take use of questionnaires as the main tool for data collection. The

questionnaire will include a Likert Scale—a widely used psychometric tool in survey

research—in the answering section, where respondents can indicate their level of agreement

or disagreement with statements related to Mpox prevention awareness.

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In this study, the researchers used a questionnaire with a Likert Scale to collect data on the

respondents' awareness and attitudes toward Mpox prevention, with a focus on examining

correlations between variables.

Data Gathering Procedure

Data gathering for this study on Mpox prevention awareness among residents of Brgy.

Balibago, Santa Rosa, Laguna, was conducted in several steps. First, the researchers created

survey questionnaires for respondents to complete, including questions focused on their

knowledge, attitudes, and sources of information regarding Mpox prevention.

The survey was distributed through door-to-door visits which was considered by

researchers based on the target respondents’ accessibility and preferences.

Once the respondents had completed the survey, the researchers collected and compiled

the data and turned it into a report. This report was used to identify trends in the community's

awareness of Mpox prevention strategies and the effectiveness of social media in spreading

health information. The findings can help inform local health initiatives and suggest better

ways to spread information and raise awareness based on the community’s needs.
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Statistical Treatment

The researchers gathered and collected the necessary data on the level of awareness of

Mpox prevention among the residents of Brgy. Balibago through social media platforms.

They then organized and compiled this data. The survey results helped determine the factors

in social media usage that impact the residents' awareness of Mpox prevention. Responses

from the respondents were statistically analyzed using the following treatment formulas:

1. Mean

Where:

𝑥̅ = Mean

x = Scores in distribution

n = Total number of items

2. Standard Deviation

Where:

𝜎 = population standard deviation

𝑁 = The size of the population

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𝑥𝑖 = Each value from the population

𝜇 = The population mean

3. Simple Regression Analysis

Where:

𝑌𝑖 = Dependent Variable

𝑓 = Function

𝑋𝑖 = Independent Variable

𝛽 = Unknown Parameters

𝑒𝑖 = Error Terms
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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The collected data were examined and interpreted in this chapter for a better

understanding of the study. Tables were used to supplement the discussion and noteworthy

findings on major topics.

The framework of the analysis and interpretation of data gathered were guided by the

problems stated in Chapter 1.

Table 1. Extent of Individuals Perceived Social Media Platforms in terms of Reliability

Statement Mean SD Remarks

1. I often believe information that I see 3.87 1.03

Agree
from social media.
2. I trust the information that I see on social
3.82 1.00 Agree
media.
3. The announcements I see from social
3.91 1.04 Agree
media platforms are often true.
4. I am confident in the accuracy of
information shared on social media 3.94 0.94 Agree
platforms.
5. Social media platforms are good tools
to fight the spread of misinformation. 3.81 1.00 Agree

Weighted Mean = 3.87

Standard Deviation = 1.00
Verbal Interpretation: Great Extent
Scale Range Remarks
5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
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Table 1 shows the extent of individuals perceived social media platforms in terms of

reliability. Among the statements above, “I am confident in the accuracy of information shared

on social media platforms.” yielded the highest mean score (𝑀 = 3.94, 𝑆𝐷 = 0.94) and was

remarked as Agree. This is followed by “The announcements I see from social media platforms

are often true.” with a mean score (𝑀 = 3.91, 𝑆𝐷 = 1.04) and was also remarked as Agree.

Although observed agree among the respondents, the statement “Social media platforms

are good tools to fight the spread of misinformation.” received the lowest mean score of

responses with (𝑀 = 3.81, 𝑆𝐷 = 1.00).

Overall, the extent of individuals perceived social media platforms in terms of reliability

attained a remark of Agree with a mean score of 3.87, a standard deviation of 1.00 and was

Great Extent among the respondents.

The findings suggest that individuals generally perceive social media as a reliable

source of information, with an overall mean score of 3.87 and a remark of "Agree." This

indicates that respondents trust the content they encounter on social media platforms to a great

extent. However, despite this perceived reliability, there is some skepticism about the

effectiveness of social media in combating misinformation. The lowest-rated statement, "Social

media platforms are good tools to fight the spread of misinformation" (M = 3.81, SD = 1.00),

indicates that while individuals trust the information they consume, they still acknowledge the

persistent issue of misinformation. This suggests that while social media provides access to

credible news and updates, it also allows for the rapid spread of false information—which

makes it a double-edged sword in terms of reliability (Torres, 2024).

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Table 2. Extent of Individuals Perceived Social Media Platforms in terms of Accessibility

Statement Mean SD Remarks

1. It is easier for me to open and use

social media platforms on a daily basis. 4.29 0.80 Strongly Agree

2. It is faster to open and see information on 4.21 0.82

Strongly Agree
social media.
3. Social media platforms are easy to 4.17 0.82
Agree
use.
4. I find information in social media more 4.20 0.90
Agree
understandable.
5. Social media platforms require little to no 4.12 0.89
Agree
effort to get used to.
Weighted Mean = 4.20
Standard Deviation = 0.84
Verbal Interpretation: Great Extent
Scale Range Remarks
5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Table 2 shows the extent of individuals perceived on social media platforms in terms of

accessibility. It reveals that the statement “It is easier for me to open and use social media

platforms on a daily basis.” garnered the highest mean score with (M = 4.29, SD = 0.80) and

was remarked as Strongly Agree. Followed by the statement “It is

faster to open and see information on social media.” which yielded a mean score of (M = 4.21,

SD = 0.82) and was remarked as Strongly Agree.

In contrast, the statement “Social media platforms require little to no effort to get used

to.” which had the lowest mean score of (M = 4.12, SD = 0.89) with remarks of Agree.

Collectively, the extent of individuals perceived social media platforms in terms of

accessibility was remarked as Agree with a mean score of 4.20 and a standard deviation of 0.84

and interpreted as Great Extent.

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The data presented above demonstrates that the vast majority of individuals have

significant access to various social media platforms, as evidenced by the mean score of 4.29

and a standard deviation of 0.89. This suggests that social media platforms are widely

accessible to individuals, with the findings categorized as “Strongly Agree.” However,

accessibility does not necessarily imply efficient use. The statement “Social media platforms

require little to no effort to get used to” received the lowest rating (M=4.12, SD=0.89),

indicating that while individuals can easily access information on these platforms, they

encounter challenges in how to share and effectively use the content. DeGroote (2020)

highlights that social media, like other technologies, often functions as a health intervention or

exposure. Therefore, its design, planning, and evaluation must be well thought out, particularly

within the context of studies addressing the pandemic. This area of social media research

warrants further exploration.

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Table 3. Extent of Individuals Perceived Social Media Platforms in terms of Source of

Information
Statement Mean SD Remarks

1. Social media platforms keep me

updated with timely and factual 3.62 1.16 Agree
information.
2. I often search information in social 3.50 1.10
media before searching it on any other Agree
search engines.
3. Social media is my main source of 3.49 1.12 Agree
information.
4. I find social media platforms useful 3.59 1.08 Agree
for staying informed about current
events.
5.Social media is the reason for my 3.61 1.03 Agree
awareness regarding current issues.

Weighted Mean = 3.56

Standard Deviation = 1.10
Verbal Interpretation: Great Extent
Scale Range Remarks
5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Table 3 presents the extent of individual's perceived social media platforms in terms of

source of information. With a mean score of (M = 3.62, SD = 1.16), the statement “Social

media platforms keep me updated with timely and factual information.” received the highest

among the five statements and was remarked as Agree. This is followed by the statement

“Social media is the reason for my awareness regarding current issues.” which gathered a mean

score of (M = 3.61, SD = 1.03) and remarked Agree.

Placing last, with the mean score of (M = 3.49, SD = 1.12) remarked as Agree was the

statement “Social media is my main source of information.”

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Overall, the extent of individuals perceived social media platforms in terms of source of

information got a mean score of 3.56 and a standard deviation of 1.10 gaining a remark of

Agree and the statements interpreted as Great Extent.

The highest mean produced was 3.62 with the statement of “Social media platforms

keep me updated with timely and factual information” and a standard deviation of 1.16 with the

remarks of Agree. This result indicates that social media platforms are useful in

communicating information to different people from different places efficiently and rapidly.

It links with the study conducted by Conrad et al. (2020) that we have greater access to

information in the new generation due to the evolving use of technology.

The lowest mean was 3.49 with a standard deviation of 1.12 is for the statement “Social media

is my main source of information” and is remarked as Agree. This result relates with the survey

conducted by Global News Report (2024) which states that a substantial percentage of

respondents now rely on social media platforms as their main sources of news about Mpox.

It is evident that the results relate to the study from MMR Research Associates

(2022) that “... many people gravitate towards social media platforms for their information

needs.” wherein most of our respondents use social media platforms as their primary source of

information.

The computed weighted mean of 3.56 and a standard deviation of 1.10 fall within the

"Agree" category based on the given scale. This result suggests that respondents perceive

social media as a crucial tool for obtaining information. While social media is widely used as a

primary source of news and updates, the standard deviation values indicate some variability in

responses, suggesting that not all respondents rely equally on social media for information.
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Table 4. Extent of Individuals Perceived Social Media Platforms in terms of Types of

Social-Media
Statement Mean SD Remarks

1. I enjoy using different types of social

media platforms for staying
connected with friends and family. 1.12 Agree
3.91

2. I use various types of social media

depending on my preference and their 3.84 1.06 Agree
appropriate use.
3. I use all of my social media
platforms primarily for 4.06 0.97 Agree
entertainment and leisure.
4. These are the social media platforms I
use primarily for communicating;
3.90 1.05 Agree
Facebook, Twitter (X), Messenger, and
Instagram.
5.These are the social media platforms I
use primarily for entertainment and Agree
4.07 0.93
watching videos; Facebook, Youtube
and Tiktok

Weighted Mean = 3.96 Standard Deviation = 1.03 Verbal Interpretation: Great Extent

Scale Range Remarks

5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Table 4 shows the level of extent of individuals perceived on social media platforms.

The statement “These are the social media platforms I use primarily for entertainment and

watching videos; Facebook, Youtube and Tiktok” gained the highest mean score of (M = 4.07,

SD = 0.93) and was remarked as Agree. This followed by the statement “I use all of my social

media platforms primarily for entertainment and leisure” which was remarked as Agree and

gained the second highest mean score of (M = 4.06, SD = 0.97).

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Also observed among the respondents is the statement, “I use various types of social media

depending on my preference and their appropriate use.” received the lowest mean score of (M

= 3.84, SD = 1.06).

Garnering an overall mean of 3.96 and a standard deviation of 1.03, the extent of

individuals perceived on social media platforms was verbally interpreted as Great Extent.

The highest mean obtained was 4.07 with a standard deviation of 0.93 for the statement “These

are the social media platforms I use primarily for entertainment and watching videos;

Facebook, Youtube, and Tiktok,” and is classified as agree. This suggests and relates to the

literary study of Dollarhide (2024), which states that social media platforms like Facebook,

Instagram, and Tiktok can enable vital information to spread quickly due to the fact that people

consider them as essential tools for staying connected with others. Other intentions of using

social media and even such leisure purposes may also help in acquiring crucial information and

contribute in keeping everyone safe amidst existing danger in the world. The lowest mean

obtained for this indicator was 3.84 with a standard deviation of 1.06 for the statement “I use

various types of social media based on my preference and their appropriate use,” and was noted

as agreed. Different social media platforms disseminate information in various ways which

complement the preferences of their audience in a way that they could easily comprehend the

information available. Facebook (Bragazzi et al., 2024) People turned to Facebook not just

for news, but also to join conversations about the virus. Youtube (Alweis et al., 2022) is a

popular website where the public can access and gain information from videos. Tiktok (Ji-Xu,

2022) public health officials have a significant opportunity to utilize this platform for effective

communication.
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Based on the overall results, utilizing various platforms such as Facebook, Instagram,

Twitter (now X), and TikTok—as highlighted in the research entitled “Social Media as a Public

Health Tool During the UK Mpox Outbreak” (2023)—during a critical public health crisis

resulted to an interpretation of Great Extent, agreeing that social media platforms are indeed

crucial for sharing essential information about emerging global health issues.

Table 5. Awareness Level of Individuals about Mpox Prevention Strategies in terms of

Knowledge of Mpox Symptoms
Statement Mean SD Remarks

1.I am familiar with the common symptoms

3.46 1.13 Agree
of Mpox.
2. I know how to recognize the signs Moderately
3.35 1.17
and symptoms of Mpox. Agree
3. I understand that Mpox symptoms can Moderately
3.39 1.23
include rashes. Agree
4. I am aware that a person with
3.66 1.04 Agree
mpox might have flu-like symptoms.
5. I know that fever is a common symptom
3.53 1.07 Agree
of mpox.
Weighted Mean = 3.48
Standard Deviation = 1.13
Verbal Interpretation: High
Scale Range Remarks
5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Table 5 presents the awareness level of individuals about mpox prevention strategies in

terms of knowledge of Mpox symptoms. The statement “I am aware that a

person with mpox might have flu-like symptoms.” was remarked Agree and has a mean score

of (M = 3.66, SD = 1.04). This is followed by the statement “I know that fever is a common

symptom of mpox.” with a mean score (M = 3.53, SD = 1.07), which was remarked Agree.
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Receiving the lowest mean score (M = 3.35, SD = 1.17) was the statement “I know how

to recognize the signs and symptoms of Mpox.” which was remarked as Moderately Agree.

Generally, with respect to the awareness level of individuals about mpox prevention

strategies in terms of knowledge of Mpox symptoms achieved a mean score of 3.48 and a

standard deviation of 1.13. It was remarked with Agree, and the statements were interpreted as

High.

The highest mean acquired in this indicator was 3.66 with a standard deviation of 1.04

and is noted as Agree for the statement “I am aware that a person with Mpox might have flu-

like symptoms.” The study of World Health Organization (2024) identifies the key symptoms

of Mpox as fever, rash, headache, and swollen lymph nodes—which intends to help the public

recognize potential signs of infection. Based on the results, the level of awareness of the

respondents were reflected with which it was interpreted as agreed, which concludes that they

were familiar with the symptoms of Mpox.

The lowest mean acquired was 3.35 with a standard deviation of 1.17 and is noted as

Moderately Agree for the statement “I know how to recognize the signs and

symptoms of Mpox. This result is associated with the study of Rabaan et al. (2023), wherein he

stated “The general Mpox symptoms are similar to chickenpox and measles, thus leading to a

possible misdiagnosis.” This implies that although some people are aware about the signs and

symptoms of Mpox, many might still confuse them as other illnesses. This is due to the fact

that the results containing high rate of standard deviation, suggesting that while some

respondents can identify Mpox symptoms, others may have limited knowledge or uncertainty

in recognizing them.
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The findings suggest that while individuals generally have high awareness of Mpox

symptoms, there is a need for improvement in recognizing specific signs such as rashes and

other visible indicators of the disease. "Disseminating clear information about the signs and

symptoms of the disease among the general population is essential, as these measures will

effectively contribute to mitigating the impact of Mpox" (León-Figueroa et al., 2024). It can

further enhance awareness and contribute to more effective Mpox prevention strategies.Table

6. Awareness Level of Individuals about Mpox Prevention Strategies in terms of

Understanding of Transmission

Statement Mean SD Remarks

1. I am aware of the primary means of

3.80 1.03 Agree
transmission for mpox
2. I am aware that Mpox can be
transmitted before symptoms appear. 3.67 1.12 Agree

3. I can identify situations where Mpox

transmission might occur. 3.53 1.11 Agree

4. I am fully aware that the risk of

Mpox transmission can be increased 3.63
1.13 Agree
with prolonged close contact.

5. I am aware that Mpox can be

transmitted through skin-to-skin, 3.57
1.11 Agree
mouth-to-skin, and mouth-to-mouth
contact

Weighted Mean = 3.64 Standard Deviation = 1.10 Verbal Interpretation: High

Scale Range Remarks

5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
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Table 6, shows the awareness level of individuals about Mpox prevention strategies in

terms of understanding of transmission. The statement “I am aware of the primary means of

transmission for mpox.” got the highest mean score of (M = 3.80, SD =

1.03) and was remarked as Agree. Similarly, the statement “I am aware that Mpox can be

transmitted before symptoms appear.” was also remarked as Agree and has the second highest

mean score of (M = 3.67, SD = 1.12).

Although observed agree among the respondents, the statement with the lowest mean

score of (M = 3.53, SD = 1.11) was the statement, “I can identify situations where Mpox

transmission might occur.

Together, the statements under the awareness level of individuals about Mpox

prevention strategies in terms of understanding of transmission garnered a mean score

of 3.64 and a standard deviation of 1.10 receiving a remark of Agree, and interpreted as High

among the respondents.

The data presented above suggests the level of awareness individuals have regarding

the transmission that may occur when exposed to the virus. The findings suggest that the

majority of individuals are most aware of the primary transmissions for Mpox, with a mean

score of 3.80 and a standard deviation of 1.03. This result indicates that most participants

"Agree" with the statement, pointing to a general understanding of the transmission but also

suggesting that there is room for further improvement. While the knowledge of transmission is

relatively high, participants appear less informed about how to confirm the presence of Mpox

symptoms where transmission might occur. The statement “I can identify situations where

Mpox transmission might occur.” received the lowest rating (M = 3.53, SD = 1.11). Ajayi et al.
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(2024) noted that, "Despite high awareness of Mpox infection among healthcare workers,

significant knowledge gaps remain." They recommend that targeted interventions, such as

continuous medical education and simulation exercises on re-emerging infectious diseases like

Mpox, could help improve healthcare workers’ knowledge.

Table 7. Awareness Level of Individuals about Mpox Prevention Strategies in terms of

Attitude Towards Prevention

Statement Mean SD Remarks

1. I am aware of how to keep myself safe

4.28 0.78 Strongly Agree
from getting the Mpox.
2. I am aware of the mpox treatment
4.23 0.86 Strongly Agree
options that are available.
3. Talking to people about Mpox doesn't
4.19 0.83 Agree
bother me.
4. I'm worried that my neighborhood
4.22 0.89 Strongly Agree
might have an outbreak of the mpox
5. I believe the media will be of great
help in spreading useful information 4.46 0.77 Strongly Agree
about Mpox.

Weighted Mean = 4.28 Standard Deviation = 0.83 Verbal Interpretation: Very High

Scale Range Remarks

5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Table 7 presents the awareness level of individuals about mpox prevention strategies in

terms of attitude towards prevention. The statement “I believe the media will be of great help in

spreading useful information about Mpox.” was remarked Strongly Agree and has a mean

score of (M = 4.46, SD = 0.77). This is followed by the statement

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“I am aware of how to keep myself safe from getting the Mpox.” with a mean score (M = 4.28,

SD = 0.78), which was remarked Strongly Agree.

Meanwhile, receiving the lowest mean score (M = 4.19, SD = 0.83) was the statement

“Talking to people about Mpox doesn't bother me.” which was remarked as Agree.

Generally, with respect to the awareness level of individuals about mpox prevention strategies

in terms of attitude towards prevention received a mean score of

4.28 and a standard deviation of 0.83 with remarks of Strongly Agree and interpreted as Very

High.

The highest attained mean was 4.46 with a standard deviation of 0.77 and is noted as

Strongly Agree for the statement “I believe the media would be of great help in spreading

useful information about Mpox.” This result correlates with the study conducted by

Madhumathi Ph.D et al. (2021), which states that social media is a powerful tool for creating

awareness, education, training, and community engagement on infection prevention and

control.

The lowest attained mean was 4.19 with a standard deviation of 0.83 and is noted as

Agree for the statement “Talking to people about Mpox doesn’t bother me.” This result entails

the literary study of Howard et al. (2024), which states that promoting open discussions about

Mpox can encourage people to take action without fear of judgement. Engaging openly

with the community about the Mpox virus provides people with a sense of security and

consideration to the situation of other people without feeling uneasy about the discussion.

The study confirms that individuals have a very high level of awareness regarding

Mpox prevention strategies, particularly in their attitudes toward prevention. Kautiainen et al.
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(2019) states that it is evident that underestimating risks and having a "negative attitude toward

health promotion can prevent people from making healthier choices." Thus—confidence in the

effectiveness of prevention methods can motivate individuals to take significant measures to

protect themselves and others. This indicates a strong belief among respondents that media

plays a crucial role in disseminating accurate health information.

Table 8. Significant Effect of Social media platforms in raising awareness among

individuals about mpox prevention strategies

Social Media Awareness Level of R-square F- P- ANALYSIS

Platforms Individuals about ADJUSTED VALUE VALUE
Mpox
Prevention
Strategies

Knowledge of
0.950 1897.73 0.000 Significant
Mpox Symptoms
Understanding of
0.958 2278.20 0.000 Significant
Transmission
Attitude towards
0.964 2674.12 0.000 Significant
Prevention
Reliability Knowledge of
0.948 1820.08 0.000 Significant
Mpox Symptoms
Understanding of
0.967 2880.69 0.000 Significant
Transmission
Attitude towards
0.980 4879.59 0.000 Significant
Prevention
Accessibility
Knowledge of
0.945 1716.16 0.000 Significant
Mpox Symptoms
Understanding of
0.967 2928.04 0.000 Significant
Transmission
Attitude towards
Source of 0.965 2702.08 0.000 Significant
Prevention
Information
Knowledge of
0.931 1341.26 0.000 Significant
Mpox Symptoms
Understanding of
0.948 1803.04 0.000 Significant
Transmission
Type of Social Attitude towards
0.968 3041.79 0.000 Significant
Media Prevention
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Note. *Statistically significant with α=0.05

In determining the significant effect of social media platforms in raising awareness

among individuals about mpox prevention strategies, the data showed that it is statistically

treated using regression.

The results revealed that the effect of social media platforms in terms of reliability on

knowledge of Mpox symptoms has an adjusted r-squared value of 0.950, f-value of 1897.73,

and a p-value 0.000, which is interpreted as significant; in terms reliability on understanding of

transmission, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.958, f-value of 2278.20, and a p-value of 0.000,

which is interpreted as significant; and in terms reliability on attitude towards prevention, the

adjusted r-squared value is 0.964, f-value of 2674.12, and a p-value of 0.000, which is

interpreted as significant.

Then, the effect of social media platforms in terms of accessibility on knowledge of

Mpox symptoms has an adjusted r-squared value of 0.948, f-value of 1820.08, and a p-value

0.000, which is interpreted as significant; in terms accessibility on understanding of

transmission, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.967, f-value of 2880.69, and a p-value of 0.000,

which is interpreted as significant; and in terms accessibility on attitude towards prevention,

the adjusted r-squared value is 0.980, f-value of 4879.59, and a p-value of

0.000, which is interpreted as significant.

Moreover, the effect of social media platforms in terms of source of information on

knowledge of Mpox symptoms has an adjusted r-squared value of 0.945, f-value of 1716.16,

and a p-value 0.000, which is interpreted as significant; in terms source of information on

understanding of transmission, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.967, fvalue of 2928.04, and a
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p-value of 0.000, which is interpreted as significant; and in terms source of information on

attitude towards prevention, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.965, f-value of 2702.08, and a p-

value of 0.000, which is interpreted as significant.

Lastly, the effect of social media platforms in terms of type of social media on

knowledge of Mpox symptoms has an adjusted r-squared value of 0.931, f-value of 1341.26,

and a p-value 0.000, which is interpreted as significant; in terms source of information on

understanding of transmission, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.948, fvalue of 1803.04, and a

p-value of 0.000, which is interpreted as significant; and in terms source of information on

attitude towards prevention, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.968, f-value of 3041.79, and a p-

value of 0.000, which is interpreted as significant.

Based on the result, the p-values of reliability, accessibility, source of information, and

type of social media on knowledge of mpox symptoms, understanding of transmission and

attitude towards prevention are all less than the alpha value of 0.05, which all suggest

“Significant”. Therefore, the null hypothesis stating “Social media

platforms have no significant effect in raising awareness among individuals about mpox

prevention strategies.” is not true and rejected.

These findings are further supported by various studies that emphasize the role of social

media in Mpox awareness. Russell (2024) found that social media helps raise awareness about

diseases like Mpox by making information easy to access. Similarly, Pew Research Center

(2024) study emphasized that social media is a major source of information, particularly in

high-risk communities where the spread of diseases can happen rapidly. Meanwhile, Garcia-
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Iglesias et al. (2023) explained that platforms like Twitter and Facebook help share health tips

quickly, which is important for preventing diseases.

In addition, Abdolreza et al. (2024) found that social media affects how people think and act

when it comes to health prevention. Their study supports the idea that social media has a strong

impact on how much people know about Mpox symptoms, how it spreads, and how to prevent

it. These studies help prove that social media really does help raise awareness about Mpox

prevention, which is why the null hypothesis is rejected.

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Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter deals with the summary of the findings and conclusions based on the

gathered data. It also presents the recommendations, needed for the solution of the problem.

Summary

This study was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of Social Media Platforms in

Raising Awareness About Mpox Prevention Strategies, with the aim of determining their

significant effect. With the statement of the problem presented below:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of social media platforms in

raising awareness about Mpox prevention strategies. Specifically, it aims to answer the

following questions:

1. To what extent do individuals perceive social media platforms in terms of:

• Reliability

• Accessibility

• Source of Information

• Type of Social Media (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X)

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2. What is the awareness level of these individuals about Mpox prevention strategies in terms

of:

• Knowledge of Mpox Symptoms

• Understanding of Transmission

• Attitude Towards Prevention

3. Do social media platforms have a significant effect in raising awareness among individuals

about Mpox prevention strategies?

The study involved 100 citizens from Brgy. Balibago, Santa Rosa, Laguna. The

participants were selected through simple random sampling, ensuring that everyone in Brgy.

Balibago had an equal chance of being part of the study.

This research utilized a Correlational-Quantitative Approach, collecting quantitative

data through survey questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents. The analysis was supported

by a thorough review of related literature and studies.

For quantitative data analysis, the following statistical tools were used: Weighted Mean,

Standard Deviation, and other relevant measures.

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Findings:

1. Extent of Individual Perception of Social Media Platforms

• The statistical treatment revealed that social media platforms scored Very High in

terms of:

o Reliability (M=3.87, SD=1.00)

o Accessibility (M=4.20, SD=0.84)

o Source of Information (M=3.56, SD=1.10)

o Power of Social Media (M=3.96, SD=1.03)

• Among the different platforms, Facebook was the most frequently used for acquiring

information, followed by TikTok, Instagram, and X (formerly Twitter).

2. Awareness Level About Mpox Prevention Strategies

• The findings indicated that awareness levels were Very High in terms of:

o Knowledge of Mpox Symptoms (M=3.48, SD=1.13)

o Understanding of Transmission (M=3.64, SD=1.10)

o Attitude Towards Prevention (M=4.28, SD=0.83)

• Effectiveness of Social Media Platforms in Raising Awareness About Mpox

Prevention Strategies: The study’s findings suggest that there is a significant effect of Social

Media Platforms in raising awareness about Mpox Prevention Strategies. This implies that the

use of social media plays an essential role in disseminating health-related information,

influencing public perception, and promoting preventive measures against Mpox.

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Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Social media platforms are widely perceived as reliable, accessible, and useful

sources of information. Different platforms—including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and X—

contribute to the dissemination of health-related knowledge.

2. The level of awareness regarding Mpox prevention is high, as individuals

demonstrate an understanding of its symptoms, modes of transmission, and the importance of

preventive measures.

3. Social media platforms play a significant role in raising awareness about Mpox

prevention—which shows their effectiveness as a medium for health education and information

dissemination.

4. The hypothesis stating that social media platforms have no significant effect on

raising awareness about Mpox prevention strategies was rejected. The study's results indicate

that these platforms significantly influence individuals' knowledge and awareness of Mpox

prevention.
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Recommendations

School Administration

1. Organize detailed workshops and training sessions where teachers and students learn

how to check if health information online is true.

2. Add lessons on digital literacy and health awareness to everyday classes so students

can learn to spot trustworthy sources and recognize misinformation.

3. Invite local health experts to speak at school events that offers clear explanations

about Mpox prevention and answering questions in simple terms, so students gain direct

insights from professionals.

Community

1. Team up with local health professionals to host community meetings where accurate

Mpox prevention tips are shared.

2. Use local social media pages, community boards, and newsletters to post easy-to-

read messages about Mpox prevention.

3. Set up regular community discussion groups where residents can talk about new

Mpox prevention measures and share their experiences, which helps everyone stay informed

and work together for better health.

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Future Researchers

1. Study the effect of different online formats—like videos, pictures, and simple text

posts—on how well people understand Mpox prevention. This will help identify the best ways

to share health information.

2. Include participants from various regions and backgrounds in research projects so

that the study results reflect a wide range of experiences and opinions about Mpox prevention.

3. Investigate how false health information spreads on social media and develop

straightforward methods to reduce its impact, ensuring that accurate health messages are more

widely received.

Internet Users

1. Always check that health information comes from trusted sources like the WHO or

DOH before sharing it online.

2. Read and understand health posts carefully, and only share content that you know is

accurate and clear.

3. If you come across health posts that seem misleading or false, take the time to report

them on social media platforms.

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