Internet of Things

Module 5.2

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 Introduction
• Internet of Things (loT) comprises things that have unique identities and
are connected to the Internet.
• While many existing devices, such as networked computers or 4G
enabled mobile phones already have some form of unique identities
and are also connected to the Internes
• The focus on IoT is in the configuration, control and networking via the
Internet of devices or "things" that are traditionally not associated with the
Internet.
• These include thermostats, utility meters, a bluetooth-connected headset,
irrigation pumps and sensors or control circuits for an electric car's engine.
• Internet of Things is a new revolution in the capabilities of the endpoints
that are connected to the Internet,
• and is being driven by the advancements in capabilities (in combination
with lower costs) in sensor networks, mobile devices, wireless
communications, networking and cloud technologies.
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 Definition of IoT
A dynamic global network infrastructure with self-
configuring capabilities based on standard and
interoperable communication protocols where physical and
virtual "things" have identities, physical attributes, and virtual
personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly
integrated into the information network, often communicate
data associated with users and their environments.

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 Characteristics of IoT
• Dynamic & Self-Adapting:
• IoT devices and systems may have the capability to dynamically adapt with
the changing contexts and take actions based on their operating
conditions, user's context, or sensed environment.
• For example, consider a surveillance system comprising of a number of
surveillance cameras.
• The surveillance cameras can adapt their modes (to normal or infra-red
night modes) based on whether it is day or night.
• Cameras could switch from lower resolution to higher resolution modes
when any motion is detected and alert nearby cameras to do the same.
• In this example. the surveillance system is adapting itself based on the
context and changing (e.g.. dynamic) conditions.
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 Characteristics of IoT
• Self-Configuring:
• loT devices may have self-configuring capability, allowing a large
number of devices to work together to provide certain functionality
(such as weather monitoring).
• These devices have the ability configure themselves (in association
with the loT infrastructure), setup the networking, and fetch latest
software upgrades with minimal manual or user intervention.

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 Characteristics of IoT
• Interoperable Communication Protocols:
• loT devices may support a number of interoperable communication
protocols and can communicate with other devices and also with the
infrastructure.
• We describe some of the commonly used communication protocols
and models in later sections.

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 Characteristics of IoT
• Unique Identity:
• Each loT device has a unique identity and a unique identifier (such as
an IP address or a URI).
• IoT systems may have intelligent interfaces which adapt based on the
context, allow communicating with users and the environmental
contexts.
• loT device interfaces allow users to query the devices, monitor their
status, and control them remotely, in association with the control,
configuration and management infrastructure.

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 Characteristics of IoT
• Integrated into Information Network:
• loT devices are usually integrated into the information network that allows
them to communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems.
• loT devices can be dynamically discovered in the network. by other
devices and/or the network, and have the capability to deseribe themselves
(and their characteristics) to other devices or user applieations.
• For example, a weather monitoring node can describe its monitoring
capabilities to another connected node so that they can communicate and
exchange data. Integration into the information network helps in making loT
systems "smarter" due to the collective intelligence of the individual devices
in collaboration with the infrastructure.
• Thus, the data from a large number of connected weather monitoring loT
nodes can be aggregated and analyzed to predict the weather.

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 IoT Functional Blocks

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 IoT Functional Blocks
• Device: An loT system comprises of devices that provide sensing, actuation,
monitoring and control functions. You learned about loT devices in section 1.2.
• Communication: The communication block handles the communication for the
loT system. You learned about various protocols used for communication by loT
systems in section 1.2.
• Services: An loT system uses various types of loT services such as services for
device monitoring, device control services, data publishing services and services
for device discovery. .
• Management: Management functional block provides various functions to govern
the loT system.
• Security: Security functional block secures the loT system and by providing
functions such as authentication, authorization, message and content integrity,
and data security.
• Application: loT applications provide an interface that the users can use to
control and monitor various aspects of the loT system. Applications also allow
users to view the system status and view or analyze the processed data.
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 Applications of IoT

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 Thank You

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