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Design and Analysis of Algorithms (1)

The document presents an overview of algorithmic analysis, focusing on measuring and optimizing the efficiency and performance of algorithms through complexity measures. It discusses various time and space complexities, common sorting and searching algorithms, and advanced techniques like divide and conquer and dynamic programming. The conclusion highlights future trends in algorithmic design, including the impact of artificial intelligence and quantum computing.

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shyamal sarkar
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18 views11 pages

Design and Analysis of Algorithms (1)

The document presents an overview of algorithmic analysis, focusing on measuring and optimizing the efficiency and performance of algorithms through complexity measures. It discusses various time and space complexities, common sorting and searching algorithms, and advanced techniques like divide and conquer and dynamic programming. The conclusion highlights future trends in algorithmic design, including the impact of artificial intelligence and quantum computing.

Uploaded by

shyamal sarkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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St.

Mary's Technical
Campus Kolkata
Name: Md Danish Mahboob

Course: B.Tech CSE

Roll No.: 28600124001

Registration No.: 242860120005

Subject: Design and Analysis of Algorithms

Subject Code: PCC-CS404


Analysis of Algorithms:
Complexity, Efficiency, and
Performance
This presentation will delve into the fundamental concepts of
algorithmic analysis, exploring how we can measure and optimize the
efficiency and performance of algorithms. We will examine various
complexity measures, explore common algorithmic techniques, and
discuss strategies for performance optimization.
Introduction to Algorithmic Analysis: Core
Principles and Significance
Core Principles Significance

Algorithmic analysis is the study of how efficiently Effective algorithmic analysis is crucial for efficient
algorithms solve problems, considering factors like time program development. It helps us choose the best
and memory usage. We evaluate algorithms based on algorithms for specific problems, optimize code
their computational complexity, which reflects their performance, and predict how algorithms will scale as
resource demands as the input size grows. the input size increases.
Computational Complexity: Big O, Big Theta,
and Big Omega Notations
Big O notation represents the Big Theta notation specifies Big Omega notation
1 2 3
upper bound of an algorithm's the tight bound, indicating that represents the lower bound,
growth rate, providing a worst- the algorithm's growth rate is providing a best-case scenario
case scenario estimate. both an upper and lower estimate of the algorithm's
bound. growth rate.
Time Complexity: Measuring Algorithmic
Efficiency and Execution Performance
Constant Time
1
Algorithms with constant time complexity perform the same number of operations
regardless of input size. This is denoted as O(1).

Logarithmic Time
2
Algorithms with logarithmic time complexity have a runtime that increases logarithmically
with input size. This is denoted as O(log n).

Linear Time
3
Algorithms with linear time complexity have a runtime that increases directly with input
size. This is denoted as O(n).

Quadratic Time
4
Algorithms with quadratic time complexity have a runtime that increases quadratically with
input size. This is denoted as O(n^2).
Space Complexity: Memory Usage and
Resource Allocation Strategies
Auxiliary Space Space Optimization

Auxiliary space refers to the extra memory used by an Various techniques can optimize space complexity, such
algorithm beyond the input size. It's important to as using efficient data structures, avoiding redundant
minimize auxiliary space for efficient resource utilization. data storage, and recycling memory when possible.
Comparative Analysis of Common
Sorting and Searching Algorithms
Bubble Sort O(n^2) O(1) Small datasets,
educational
purposes

Merge Sort O(n log n) O(n) Large datasets,


stable sorting,
external sorting

Quick Sort O(n log n) O(log n) General purpose


sorting, in-place
sorting

Linear Search O(n) O(1) Unsorted data,


small datasets

Binary Search O(log n) O(1) Sorted data,


efficient
searching
Asymptotic Analysis: Theoretical Foundations
and Practical Applications
Theoretical Practical

Asymptotic analysis focuses on the behavior of Asymptotic analysis is widely used in algorithm design,
algorithms as the input size approaches infinity. It helps performance optimization, and comparing the efficiency
us understand how algorithms scale and predict their of different algorithms. It provides insights into the time
performance for large datasets. and space complexity of algorithms.
Advanced Algorithmic
Techniques: Divide and
Conquer, Dynamic Programming

Divide and Conquer


This technique involves breaking down a problem into smaller sub-
problems, solving these sub-problems recursively, and combining the
solutions to obtain the final result. Examples include Merge Sort and Quick
Sort.

Dynamic Programming
Dynamic programming solves problems by breaking them into overlapping
sub-problems and storing the solutions to these sub-problems to avoid
recomputation. This approach optimizes efficiency and avoids redundant
calculations. Examples include the Fibonacci sequence and the knapsack
problem.
Performance Optimization Strategies and Best
Practices

Choose efficient algorithms and data Optimize memory usage by avoiding Refactor code for clarity and
structures that minimize time and redundant storage and employing readability, optimizing loops, function
space complexity. techniques like caching and data calls, and data access patterns.
compression.
Conclusion: Future Trends
in Algorithmic Design and
Computational Research
The field of algorithmic design is continuously evolving, with
research focusing on developing more efficient algorithms for
increasingly complex problems. Emerging trends include the use of
artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and distributed
computing to address computational challenges in various domains.

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