JAVASERVER PAGES

Instructor: CUONGPNB1

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Learning Goals

Know about
Java Server
Pages (JSP)
Can use JSP
to build Web
application

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Table of contents
◊ JSP Introduction
◊ JSP Scripting Element
◊ Implicit Objects
◊ Q&A

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 Section 1

JSP INTRODUCTION

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JSP Introduction (1/2)
 What is JSP?
 JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology for developing web pages that
support dynamic content which helps developers insert java code in
HTML.
 As an extension of Servlet technology
 JSPs are essential an HTML page with special JSP tags embedded.
 All JSP programs are stored as a .jsp files
HTML page JSP page

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JSP Introduction (2/2)
 Servlet:
 Java Servlets are programs that run on a Web server and act as a middle
layer between a request coming from a Web browser and databases on
the HTTP server.

 JSP vs Servlet:

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Architecture of a JSP Application
 JSP plays a key role and it is responsible for of processing the
request made by client.
 Client (Web browser) makes a request
 JSP then creates a bean object which then fulfills the request and pass
the response to JSP
 JSP then sends the response back to client

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JSP Process
Steps required for a JSP request:
1. The user goes to web side made using JSP. The web browser makes the request via
the Internet.
2. The JSP request gets sent to the Web server.
3. The Web server recognizes that the file required is special (.jsp), therefore passes the JSP file
to the JSP servlet engine.
4. If the JSP file has been called the first time, the JSP file is parsed, otherwise goto step 7.
5. The next step is to generate a special Servlet from the JSP file. All the HTML required is
converted to println statements.
6. The Servlet source code is compiled into a class.
7. The servlet is instantiated, calling the init and service methods.
8. HTML from the Servlet output is sent via the Internet.
9. HTML results are displayed on the user's web browser.

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Example
First Example

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Practical time
1. Create Dynamic Web Project:

2. Create jsp page in WebContent

folder

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Practical time
Create a simple jsp page:

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Practical time
3. Setup tomcat server:
 Download and unzip Apache Tomcat .
 Open Window | Preferences | Server | Installed Runtimes to create a Tomcat
installed runtime.
 Click on Add... to open the New Server Runtime dialog, then select your runtime
under Apache
4. Run your code

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 Section 2

JSP SCRIPTING ELEMENT

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Scriptlet
 Scriptlet (<% ... %>) - also called “Scripting Elements”
 Enable programmers to insert Java code in JSPs
 Performs request processing
 For example, to print a variable:

Code snippet
<%
String username = "alliant";
out.println(username);
%>

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JSP Tags
 Declaration tag (<%! %>)
 Allow the developer to declare variables or methods.
Code snippet
<%!
private int counter = 0;
private String getAccount(int accountNo);
%>
 Expression tag (<%= %>)
 Allow the developer to embed any Java expression and is
short for out.println()
Code snippet
<%!
<%=new java.util.Date()%>
%>

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Directive tags (1/3)
 Directive[chỉ thị] (<%@ directive... %>
 Give special information about the page to the JSP
container.
 Enable programmers to specify:
 Page settings (page directive):
Ex:<%@page import="java.sql.Statement"%>

 Content to include from other resources (Include directive).

Ex:<%@include file="Connection.jsp"%>

 Tag libraries to be used in the page (Tag library).

Ex:<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

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Directive tags (2/3)
 Content to include from other resources (Include directive).

Code snippet
<%@page import="java.util.Date"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Directive tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@include file="Header.jsp"%>

<hr />
<h2>This is main content</h2>
<h4 style="color: red"><%=new Date()%></h4>
<hr />

<%@include file="Footer.jsp"%>
</body>
</html>

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Directive tags (3/3)
 Tag libraries to be used in the page (Tag library).
 Add jstl lib

 Defining core tags:

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>

Code snippet
<h3 align="left">TRAINEE FULL INFORMATION</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Id</th>
<th>Trainee Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<!-- traineeData: a list of trainee -->
<c:forEach items="${traineeData}" var="trainee">
<tr>
<td>${trainee.getId()}</td>
<td>${trainee.getName()}</td>
<td>${trainee.getSalary()}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
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Action tags (1/2)
 Action (<%action... %>
 JSP Actions lets you perform some action.
 Provide access to common tasks performed in a JSP:
• Including content from other resources.
• Forwarding the user to another page.
• Interacting with JavaBeans.
 Delimited by <jsp:action> and </jsp:action>.

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Action tags (2/2)
Action Description
<jsp:include> Dynamically includes another resource in a JSP. As the JSP executes,
the referenced resource is included and processed.
<jsp:forward> Forwards request processing to another JSP, servlet or static page. This
action terminates the current JSP’s execution.
<jsp:plugin> Allows a plug-in component to be added to a page in the form of a
browser-specific object or embed HTML element. In the case of a
Java applet, this action enables the downloading and installation of the
Java Plug-in, if it is not already installed on the client computer.
<jsp:param> Used with the include, forward and plugin actions to specify
additional name/value pairs of information for use by these actions.
JavaBean Manipulation
<jsp:useBean> Specifies that the JSP uses a JavaBean instance. This action specifies
the scope of the bean and assigns it an ID that scripting components can
use to manipulate the bean.
<jsp:setProperty> Sets a property in the specified JavaBean instance. A special feature of
this action is automatic matching of request parameters to bean
properties of the same name.
<jsp:getProperty> Gets a property in the specified JavaBean instance and converts the
result to a string for output in the response.

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Include tag (1/3)
 Include action tag is used for including another resource to the
current JSP page.
 The included resource can be a static page in HTML, JSP page,
 We can also pass parameters and their values to the resource which we
are including.
 Syntax:
1) Include along with parameters.
<jsp:include page="Relative_URL_Of_Page">
<jsp:param ... />
<jsp:param ... />
…
</jsp:include>
2) Include of another resource without sharing parameters.
<jsp:include page="Relative_URL_of_Page" />

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Include tag (2/3)
Code snippet
<html>
<body>
<div class="main_wrap">
<div class="header">
<jsp:include page="Header.jsp"></jsp:include>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="side-bar">
<jsp:include page=“SideBar.jsp"></jsp:include>
</div>
<div class="content">
<jsp:include page=“Order.jsp"></jsp:include>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
header
</html>

side-bar

content

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Include tag (3/3)
 Directives vs Actions:
1. Directives are used during translation phase (at translate time) while actions are
used during request processing phase (at request time).
JSP Include Directive JSP Include Action

2. If the included file is changed but not the JSP which is including it then the changes
will reflect only when we use include action tag. The changes will not reflect if you
are using include.
3. Syntax difference.
4. When using include action tag we can also pass the parameters to the included page
by using param action tag but in case of include directive it’s not possible.

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Back to menu
Forward tag (1/2)
 Forwards request processing to another JSP, servlet or static
page. This action terminates the current JSP’s execution.
 Request can be forwarded with or without parameter
 Syntax:
1) Forwarding along with parameters.
<jsp:forward page="display.jsp">
<jsp:param ... />
<jsp:param ... />
…
</jsp:forward>
2) Forwarding without parameters.
<jsp:forward page="Relative_URL_of_Page" />

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Forward tag (2/2)
 Without passing parameters
<html>
<head>
<title>Forward tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="center">My main JSP page</p>
<jsp:forward page="OtherPage.jsp"></jsp:forward>
</body>
</html>

 With passing parameters

<html>
<head>
<title>Forward tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="center">My main JSP page</p>
<jsp:forward page="OtherPage.jsp">
<jsp:param name="name" value="Chaitanya" />
<jsp:param name="tutorialname" value="Jsp forward action" />
</jsp:forward>
</body>
</html>

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Usebean tag (1/3)
 A JavaBean is a specially constructed Java class written in the Java. JavaBeans
component design conventions govern the properties of the class and govern the
public methods that give access to the properties.
Code snippet
package ctc.fr.atjb.bean;

public class Account implements Serializable {

private String emailAddress;

private String password;

public String getEmailAddress() {

return emailAddress;
}

public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {

this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
}

public String getPassword() {

return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;
}
}

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Usebean tag (2/3)
Accessing JavaBeans:
 The useBean action declares a JavaBean for use in a JSP.
 The full syntax:
<jsp: useBean id="unique_name_to_identify_bean" class="package_name.class_name" />
<jsp:setProperty name="unique_name_to_identify_bean" property="property_name" />
<jsp:getProperty name="unique_name_to_identify_bean" property="property_name" />
 Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>useBean Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<jsp:useBean id="date" class="java.util.Date" />
<p>The date/time is <%= date %>
</body>
</html>

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Usebean tag (3/3)

Code snippet
<jsp:useBean id="account" class="ctc.fr.atjb.bean.Account">
<jsp:setProperty property="emailAddress" name="account" />
<jsp:setProperty property="password" name="account" />
<h3>
Welcome,
<jsp:getProperty property="emailAddress" name="account" /><br>
</h3>
You have been successfully Logged in...
</jsp:useBean>

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 Section 3

JSP IMPLICIT OBJECTS

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Implicit Objects (1/3)
 These objects are created by JSP Engine during translation phase
(while translating JSP to Servlet)
 All the implicit objects are divided by four variable scopes:
 Application:
• Objects owned by the container application
• Any servlet or JSP can manipulate these objects
 Page:
• Objects that exist only in page in which they are defined
• Each page has its own instance of these objects
 Request:
• Objects exist for duration of client request
• Objects go out of scope when response sent to client
 Session:
• Objects exist for duration of client’s browsing Session
• Objects go out of scope when client terminates Session or when Session
timeout occurs
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Implicit Objects (2/3)
Implicit Object Description
Application Scope
application This javax.servlet.ServletContext object represents the
container in which the JSP executes.
Page Scope
config This javax.servlet.ServletConfig object represents the JSP
configuration options. As with servlets, configuration options can be
specified in a Web application descriptor.
exception This java.lang.Throwable object represents the exception that is
passed to the JSP error page. This object is available only in a JSP error
page.
out This javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter object writes text as part
of the response to a request. This object is used implicitly with JSP
expressions and actions that insert string content in a response.
page This java.lang.Object object represents the this reference for
the current JSP instance.
pageContext This javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext object hides the
implementation details of the underlying servlet and JSP container and
provides JSP programmers with access to the implicit objects discussed
in this table.
JSP implicit objects (part 1 of 2).
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Implicit Objects (3/3)
Implicit Object Description
response This object represents the response to the client. The object normally
is an instance of a class that implements HttpServletResponse
(package javax.servlet.http). If a protocol other than HTTP is
used, this object is an instance of a class that implements
javax.servlet.ServletResponse.
Request Scope
request This object represents the client request. The object normally is an
instance of a class that implements HttpServletRequest
(package javax.servlet.http). If a protocol other than HTTP is
used, this object is an instance of a subclass of
javax.servlet.ServletRequest.
Session Scope
session This javax.servlet.http.HttpSession object represents
the client session information if such a session has been created. This
object is available only in pages that participate in a session.
JSP implicit objects (part 2 of 2).

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Implicit Objects
Request

 The JSP request is an implicit object of type HttpServletRequest i.e. created

for each jsp request by the web container.
 It can be used to get request information such as:
• parameter, header information, remote address, server name, server port, content
type, character encoding etc.
 It can also be used to set, get and remove attributes from the jsp
request scope.
 Methods:
 getParameter(String name): get the value of a request’s parameter;
 getParameterNames(): It returns enumeration of all the parameter names associated to
the
request: Enumeration enum = request.getParameterNames();
 getParameterValues(String name) : It returns the array of parameter values.
String[] allpasswords = request.getParameterValues("password");
 getAttribute(String name) – Used to get the attribute
value. request.getAttribute(“admin”) would give you the value of attribute admin.
 setAttribute(String,Object) – It assigns an object’s value to the attribute.
 getCookies() – It returns an array of cookie objects received from the client.

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Implicit Objects
Request
<h3>STOCK INFORMATION</h3>
<form action="ViewStock.jsp" method="post">
<table cellspacing="5px">
<tr>
<td>Stock Code:</td>
<td><input type="text" size="20px" name="stockCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Stock Name:</td>
<td><input type="text" size="20px" name="stockName"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Description:</td>
<td><textarea rows="3px" cols="30" name="des"></textarea></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="Submit" style="border-radius: 10px; width: 80px">
<input type="reset" value="Clean" style="border-radius: 10px; width: 80px">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

<!--ViewStock.jsp -->
<%
String stockCode = request.getParameter("stockCode");
String stockName = request.getParameter("stockName");
String description = request.getParameter("des");
%>
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Implicit Objects
Response

 In JSP, response is an implicit object of type HttpServletResponse.

 The instance of HttpServletResponse is created by the web container
for each jsp request.
 It can be used to add or manipulate response such as redirect response to
another resource, send error etc.
 Methods:
 void sendRedirect(String address) – It redirects the control to a new JSP
page. For e.g.
• Example: response.sendRedirect("http://beginnersbook.com");
 void addCookie(Cookie cookie) – This method adds a cookie to the
response. The below statements would add 2 Cookies Author and
Siteinfo to the response.
• Example: response.addCookie(Cookie Author); response.addCookie(Cookie Siteinfo);
 void sendError(int status_code, String message) – It is used to send
error response with a code and an error message.
• For example: response.sendError(404, "Page not found error");

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Implicit Objects
Session

 This javax.servlet.http.HttpSession object represents the client session

information if such a session has been created.
 Methods:
 setAttribute(String, object): This method is used to save an object in
session by assigning a unique string to the object.
 getAttribute(String name): The object stored by setAttribute method is
fetched from session using getAttribute method.
 removeAttribute(String name): The objects which are stored in session
can be removed from session using this method. Pass the unique string
identifier as removeAttribute’s method.
 getAttributeNames: It returns all the objects stored in session. Basically,
it results in an enumeration of objects.

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Database Connectivity
 Review:
 Provides a programming interface that is used to request a connection between the
application and database
 JDBC API executes SQL statements (in the Java code to retrieve data) and sends the
results through a single API
 Five steps to work with database:
 Load driver:
Class.forName
("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
 Create Connection object
String connectionUrl ="jdbc:sqlserver:
//1FWADIEUNT1-LT:1433; databaseName=MY_DB”;
Connection con= DriverManager.getConnection(
connectionUrl, “userid”, “pwd” );
 Create Statement: Statement stat = con.createStatement() ;
 Execute Query:
ResultSet resultset = stat.executeQuery(“Select * from table_name”);
 Process Results: next() method of the ResultSet object is used to process the
results
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Practical time
 Sử dụng JSP Scripting Element, JavaBean, Implicit Objects xử lý
màn hình Login và Màn hình đăng ký đã thiết kế trong bài
trước:

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Summary
◊ JSP Introduction
◊ JSP Scripting Element
◊ Implicit Objects

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 Thank you

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