Scribd
Upload
18 views4 pages

GRADE 10 DP - Data and Information

The document outlines the concepts of data and data processing, defining data as raw facts that require organization to become meaningful information. It categorizes data into qualitative (nominal and ordinal) and quantitative (discrete and continuous) types, and discusses data collection sources, distinguishing between primary and secondary data. Additionally, it emphasizes the characteristics of information, which must be relevant, complete, accurate, reliable, timely, available, and suitable.

Uploaded by

Eberechukwu Ntamere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views4 pages

GRADE 10 DP - Data and Information

The document outlines the concepts of data and data processing, defining data as raw facts that require organization to become meaningful information. It categorizes data into qualitative (nominal and ordinal) and quantitative (discrete and continuous) types, and discusses data collection sources, distinguishing between primary and secondary data. Additionally, it emphasizes the characteristics of information, which must be relevant, complete, accurate, reliable, timely, available, and suitable.

Uploaded by

Eberechukwu Ntamere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

GRADE 10 DATA PROCESSING

TOPIC: DATA AND INFORMATION (1)

LESSON OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, I should be able to:
- Define Data and Data Processing
- List and explain the types of data, with examples
- Differentiate between the types of data collection sources
- Define information and state its characteristics

DEFINITION OF DATA
- Data is any basic fact which may be input to some processing system.
- Data are raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed.
- Data refers to words, images, numbers or sounds that are without context.

Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is processed,
organized or given context (meaning).

Data Processing is the collection, organization and manipulation of data to transform it into
meaningful information. The cycle of data processing involves the following stages:
- Data gathering
- Data collation

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT


- Input stage
- Processing stage
- Storage stage
- Output stage

Data processing activities involve the following:


- INPUT: involves collection, verification/validation and coding
- PROCESSING: involves classification, sorting, calculating, converting and storing
- OUTPUT: involve retrieving, converting and communication.

Input Activities:
a. Collection: involves gathering data from various sources and assembling it at one
location.
b. Verification/Validation: after data have been gathered, its accuracy and completeness
must be checked. This is an important step that helps to eliminate the possibility of
Garbage-In-Garbage-out(GIGO).
c. Code: Entering data via a computer terminal and keyboard is one example of coding.

Processing Activities:
a. Classification: Classification involves categorizing data according to certain
characteristics to make it meaningful to the user.
b. Sort: This involves arranging the grouped data element into predetermined sequence
to facilitate processing.
c. Calculation: The arithmetical or logical manipulation of data is referred to as

calculation.
d. Summarize: reducing large amounts of data to concise, usable form is called
summarizing.
e. Store: this involves the storing of data not immediately needed on a storage medium.

TYPES OF DATA

Data is divided into two types:


- Qualitative (Nominal and Ordinal data)
- Quantitative (Discrete and Continuous data)

A. QUALITATIVE DATA:
Qualitative (or Categorical) Data is data that can’t be measured or counted in the
form of numbers, but rather fit into categories.

Nominal Data:
Nominal Data is used to label variables without any order or quantitative value. The
term “nominal” comes from the Latin name “nomen,” which means “name.” These data
don’t have any meaningful order, and their values are distributed into distinct
categories.

Examples of nominal data:


- What language you speak
- Favorite holiday destination
- Opinion on something (agree, disagree, or neutral)
- Eye Color
- Gender

Ordinal Data:
Ordinal data is used to hold numerical values (quantitative value) which cannot be used
for any statistical or mathematical analysis. Unlike nominal data, ordinal data values
have a specific order.

Examples of ordinal data:


- Date of birth
- Survey rating (scale of 1 to 10)
- Education level (primary, secondary, tertiary)
- Letter grades in an exam (A, B

B. QUANTITATIVE DATA:
Quantitative data (or numerical data) represents a numerical value (i.e., how
much, how often, how many) that gives information about the quantities of a
specific thing. Quantitative data is countable and can be used for statistical data
analysis.

Discrete Data
Discrete data can take only discrete values or whole numbers and cannot be expressed
in fraction or decimal. Discrete data is countable and has a finite set of values.

Examples of discrete data:


- Number of students in a class
- Number of chairs in a room
- Age of a person
- Days in a week

Continuous Data
Continuous data is data that exists in form of fractional or decimal numbers. It has an
infinite number of probable values that can be selected within a given specific range.
Continuous data is usually estimated.

Examples of continuous data:


- Height of a person
- Value of pi
- Speed of a vehicle

DATA COLLECTION SOURCES


Generally, there are two sources of data, internal and external, which can be collected
through primary and secondary means.

Primary Data:
- Primary data means first-hand facts collected by an investigator for the first time.
- It is original and more reliable.
- Sources of primary data include interviews, surveys, questionnaires, observation,
experiments, etc.

Secondary Data:
- Secondary data refers to second-hand facts.
- It is obtained from already published or unpublished sources.
- Sources of secondary data include the internet, library, dictionaries,
encyclopedias, etc.

When data is collected from reports and records of an organization itself, they are known as
the internal data. For example, a company publishes its annual report on profit and loss,
total sales, loans, wages, etc. When data is collected from sources outside the organization,
they are known as the external data.

INFORMATION
Simply put, information is the result of processed data.
For information to be meaningful and put to proper use, it must have the following
characteristics:
- Relevance
- Completeness
- Accuracy
- Reliability
- Timeliness
- Availability
- Suitability

You might also like