Day 3 -

Primary Key, Composite Primary Key, Auto Increment, Unique Key.

DDL and DML commands

DDL(data definition language) - Create, Alter, Drop, Truncate

DML(Data manipulation) - Insert, Update, Delete
DQL(Data query language) - Select

create database 360digitmg;

use 360digitmg;

create table student(

first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null
);

insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_enrolled,course_fee) values

('Madhavi','Kumari',24,null,20000); - it will throw an error that course_enrolled
cannot be null

insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values

('Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
('Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);

select * from student;

drop table student;

CREATE A TABLE WITH AN "ID"COLUMN

create table student(
id int,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null
);

desc student;
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);

select * from student;

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(null,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
select * from student;
drop table student;

create table student(

id int primary key,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null
);

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values

(null,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
--- this will show an error because Primary Key cannot be null.

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values

(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
---this will show an error that primary key cannot be duplicate

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values

(2,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
select * from student;
drop table student;

create table student(

id int,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null,
primary key(id)
);

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values

(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(2,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);

COMPOSITE PRIMARY KEY

create table sales_rep(
rep_fname varchar(20) not null,
rep_lname varchar(20) not null,
salary int not null
);

insert into sales_rep(rep_fname,rep_lname,salary) values('Anil','Sharma',25000),

('Ankit','Verma',30000),('Anil','Sharma',25000);

select * from sales_rep;

drop table sales_rep;

create table sales_rep(

rep_fname varchar(20) not null,
rep_lname varchar(20) not null,
salary int not null,
primary key(rep_fname,rep_lname)
);

insert into sales_rep(rep_fname,rep_lname,salary) values('Anil','Sharma',25000),

('Ankit','Verma',30000),('Anil','Sharma',25000);
--- will throw an error

insert into sales_rep(rep_fname,rep_lname,salary) values('Anil','Sharma',25000),

('Ankit','Verma',30000),('Sunil','Sharma',25000);
select * from sales_rep;

AUTO-INCREMENT
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_enrolled,course_fee) values
(2,'Sandhya','Devi',28,'Data Science',50000);
--- Throw error duplicate entry

drop table student;

create table student(
id int auto_increment,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null,
primary key(id)
);
desc student;

insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_enrolled,course_fee) values

('Sandhya','Devi',28,'Data Science',50000), ('Priya','Darshini',25,'Data
Science',50000);
select * from student;

insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values

('Ravi','Mittal',28,30000), ('Akhil','K',25,30000);

select * from student;

Beginning Auto Increment from a different value (by default it will be 1) -

create table identification(id int auto_increment, name varchar(20), primary
key(id));
alter table identification auto_increment=1001;
insert into identification(name) values('raj'),('ram');
insert into identification(name) values('Ravi'),('Mohan'),('Priya');

Primary Key is used to recognize each record in a distinct manner, it will not
accept nulls and there can be only one Primary Key in a table.
Primary Key could be on multiple columns - Composite Primary Key.
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________

UNIQUE KEY - ALLOW ONLY DISTINCT VALUES TO BE ENTERED IN A FIELD.

A Table can have multiple Unique Keys. Null entries are allowed.

create table email_registration(

f_name varchar(20) not null,
l_name varchar(20) not null,
email varchar(50) not null
);

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhargav','[email protected]');

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai','[email protected]');

select * from email_registration;

--- 2 people with the same email id, whic should not be allowed

drop table email_registration;

create table email_registration(
f_name varchar(20),
l_name varchar(20),
email varchar(50) unique key,
primary key(f_name,l_name)
);

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhargav','[email protected]');

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai',null);
---will be allowed

drop table email_registration;

create table email_registration(
f_name varchar(20) not null,
l_name varchar(20) not null,
email varchar(50) not null unique key,
primary key(f_name,l_name)
);

desc email_registration;

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhargav','[email protected]');

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai','[email protected]');
--- second insert statement will throw an error "duplicate entry)

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai',null);

---wont work as 'null' is given for email, which voilates the not null constraint

insert into email_registration values

('Mohan','Bhajpai','[email protected]');

insert into email_registration values ('Sakshi',null,'[email protected]');

insert into email_registration values ('Sakshi','Rajpoot','[email protected]');

select * from email_registration;

UNIQUE KEY is used to make sure unique values (no duplicates) are entered into a
field.
UNIQUE KEY can take NULL also, and we can have multiple unique keys in a table.
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________

Difference between Primary Key and Unique Key -

1) There can be only 1 Primary key, whereas there can be multiple Unique Keys
2) Primary Key cannot be NULL, whereas Unique Key could be NULL

___________________________________________________________________________________
______________
DDL - Create, Alter, Drop, Truncate
DML - Insert, Update and Delete
DQL - Select

Select Statements-
select * from student; it gives all the columns and all the rows/tuples
select first_name, last_name from student; it gives selected columns and all the
rows/tuples
select first_name, last_name from student where course_fee>40000; it gives the
selected columns and rows meeting the where condition
select first_name, last_name from student where first_name = 'sandhya'; - by
default it is not case sensitive
select first_name, last_name from student where binary first_name = 'sandhya'; -
use the binary option to make it case sensitive
select * from student where first_name like '____'; give the names with exactly 4
characters in it
select * from student where first_name like 'a%'; give the names which have the
character 'a' in the first place

insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_enrolled,course_fee) values

('Sand%ya','Devi',28,'Data Science',50000);
select * from student where first_name like '%\%y%';

Update Statements-
update student set course_fee=35000 where course_enrolled = 'Data Analytics';
update student set course_fee = course_fee-5000;
update student set course_fee = course_fee+(course_fee*0.5) where course_enrolled =
"Data Analytics";

Delete Statements-
delete from student where first_name = 'Ravi'; - delete certian rows which meet
the conditions
delete from student; -deletes all the rows
___________________________________________________________________________________
______
DDL - Drop, Alter, Truncate

Alter Statement-
alter table student add column location varchar(30) not null default 'Hyderabad';
alter table student drop column location;
desc student;
alter table student modify column first_name varchar(50);
desc email_registration;
alter table email_registration drop primary key;
alter table email_registration add primary key(f_name,l_name);
alter table email_registration drop constraint email; --- drop the unique key
constraint
alter table email_registration add constraint unique key(email);

Drop - deletes the entire table along with the structure

Truncate - Drops the table and recreates the structure. We can't give "Where"
clause.
Delete - Deletes the Rows/Tuples in the table, we can give "Where" clause and
delete exactly what needs to be deleted.