SQL
- CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE player (
name VARCHAR(200),
age INTEGER,
score INTEGER
);
- INSERT VALUES IN TABLE
INSERT INTO
player (name, age, score)
VALUES
("Rakesh", 39, 35),
("Sai", 47, 30);
- SELECT
SELECT name, age
FROM player
WHERE name = "Sai";
- UPDATE
UPDATE
player
SET
score = 100;
- DELETE
DELETE FROM
player
WHERE
name = "Shyam";
- ALTER
ALTER TABLE
player
ADD
jersey_num INT;
COMPARISON OPERATORS
Operator Description
= Equal to
<> Not equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
EXAMPLE :
SELECT
*
FROM
product
WHERE
category <> "Food";
LIKE OPERATOR ---
example:
SELECT
*
FROM
product
WHERE
name LIKE "Bourbon%";
ending %, starting %, _ for letter
example:
SELECT
*
FROM
product
WHERE
brand LIKE "B__e";
output: blue
LOGICAL OPERATORS - AND,OR,NOT
- IN OPERATOR
SELECT
*
FROM
product
WHERE
brand IN ( "Puma", "Levi's", "Mufti", "Lee", "Denim");
-BETWEEN OPERATOR
SELECT
name,
price,
brand
FROM
product
WHERE
price BETWEEN 1000
AND 5000;
- ORDER BY
SELECT
name,
price,
rating
FROM
product
WHERE
name = "Blue Shirt"
ORDER BY
rating DESC,
price ASC;
- DISTINCT (TO REMOVE DUPLICATES)
SELECT
DISTINCT brand
FROM
product
ORDER BY
brand;
- HAVING (after group by we should use having)
SELECT
name,
COUNT(*) AS half_centuries
FROM
player_match_details
WHERE
score >= 50
GROUP BY
name
HAVING
half_centuries > 1;
- strftime usage
SELECT
strftime('%m', release_date) AS month,
COUNT(*) AS total_movies
FROM
movie
WHERE
strftime('%Y', release_date) = '2010'
GROUP BY
month;
AGGREGATIONS:
SUM , AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN
SELECT
course.name AS course_name,
MAX(score) AS highest_score
FROM
course
SET OPERATIONS
INTERSECT - PRESENT IN BOTH A AND B
MINUS - PRESENT IN A AND NOT IN B (EXCEPT)
UNION - EITHER IN A OR B
UNION ALL - ALL A AND B WITHOUT REMOVING DUPLICATES
EXAMPLE:
SELECT
actor_id
FROM
cast
WHERE
movie_id = 6
INTERSECT
SELECT
actor_id
FROM
cast
WHERE
movie_id = 15;
JOINS
RELATIONSHIPS - 1 TO 1
1 TO MANY (OR) MANY TO 1
MANY TO MANY
PRIVATE KEY - Unique identification in particular table
FOREIGN KEY - private key in other table is foreign key in present table
Private key :
student_id integer not null primary key; it should be mentioned like this.
foreign key:
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customer(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
Example:
CREATE TABLE address(
id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
pin_code INTEGER,
door_no VARCHAR(250),
city VARCHAR(250),
customer_id INTEGER,
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customer(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
1. Natural Join
(joins based on common column in both table)
SELECT
review.course_id,
review.content,
review.created_at,
student_course.score
FROM
review NATURAL
JOIN student_course
WHERE
student_course.score > 70;
2. INNER JOIN
(Combines two tables if condition is met)
SELECT student.full_name,
review.content,
review.created_at
FROM student
INNER JOIN review
ON student.id = review.student_id
WHERE review.course_id = 15;
3.LEFT JOIN
(LEFT TABLE WILL COME, THE LEFT AND RIGHT COMMON WILL COME, OTHERS WHICH ARE NOT
COMMON IN RIGHT ARE NULL)
SELECT student.full_name
FROM student
LEFT JOIN student_course
ON student.id = student_course.student_id
WHERE student_course.id IS NULL;
3. RIGHT JOIN
(RIGHT TABLE WILL COME, THE LEFT AND RIGHT COMMON WILL COME, OTHERS WHICH ARE NOT
COMMON IN LEFT ARE NULL)
SELECT course.name,
instructor.full_name
FROM course
RIGHT JOIN instructor
ON course.instructor_id = instructor.instructor_id;
4. FULL JOIN
RESULT OF BOTH RIGHT JOIN + LEFT JOIN
SELECT course.name,
instructor.full_name
FROM course
FULL JOIN instructor
ON course.instructor_id = instructor.instructor_id;
5. CROSS JOIN
(each row from the first table is combined with all rows in the second table.)
Cross Join is also called as CARTESIAN JOIN
SELECT course.name AS course_name,
instructor.full_name AS instructor_name
FROM course
CROSS JOIN instructor;
THESE ALL ARE COMBINING TWO TABLES, TO COMBINE COLUMNS WITHIN THE TABLE WE USE SELF
JOIN.
