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Computer Network_ Lecture 3

Network topology refers to the arrangement of devices and connections in a network, which can be classified into physical and logical topologies. Various types of topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid, each with its own advantages and disadvantages regarding installation costs, performance, and fault tolerance. Understanding these topologies is essential for designing efficient and reliable networks.

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3 views

Computer Network_ Lecture 3

Network topology refers to the arrangement of devices and connections in a network, which can be classified into physical and logical topologies. Various types of topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid, each with its own advantages and disadvantages regarding installation costs, performance, and fault tolerance. Understanding these topologies is essential for designing efficient and reliable networks.

Uploaded by

valadevang071
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Topology

Topology-layout

A network topology describes the layout of the wire and devices as well
as the paths used by data transmissions.

Geometric representation of all the nodes in a network

Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices in a


network
Physical and Logical Topology
Physical topology- placement of various nodes and the
connections between them in a network.
- physical layout of the devices

Logical topology- Deals with the data-flow in the network


Network Topology
Bus Topology
All the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single
cable.
Each computer has a connector to the shared cable.
Computers must synchronize and allow only one computer to
transmit at a time.
Cable segment must end with a terminator
Bus Topology
Advantages:
Less expensive to install
Easy to add stations
Works well for small networks
Node failures does not affect others
Bus Topology
Disadvantages:
Limited cable length
Cable breaks, whole network down
Sharing the same cable slows response rate
Limited number of devices can be attached
Ring Topology
❖ Devices are connected in a ring-like structure.
❖ Each device sends information to its neighboring
device
❖ Data travels in unidirectional or bidirectional manner
❖ Information circulates around the ring until it reaches
its destination
Ring Topology
Sending and receiving data takes place with the help of
token.
- bus topology in a closed loop
Ring Topology
Advantages:
Ring Topology uses less cable compared to Bus Topology

Data packets travel at great speed

Resources are available equally for all devices.


Ring Topology

Easy to manage and cheap to install


No collision
Easier to find faults
No terminators required
Ring Topology
Disadvantages:

A break in the ring will bring the entire network down

Increase in load decreases performance.


Star Topology
Every node is connected to a central node (server) called a hub or switch

All traffic must pass through the hub (main connection point)
Advantages:

A device or cable failure doesn't affect the entire network.

Devices can be added or removed with a single cable connection to the hub.

Faulty devices or cables are easy to identify and fix


Disadvantages
The central hub is critical; if it fails, the entire network stops working

Requires higher installation and maintenance expenses

Network performance depends on the capacity of the central device


Mesh Topology
Each node is connected to every other node in the network

In mesh topology, devices are randomly connected

Establishing connections in mesh topology can be complex and difficult


Expensive

Fault tolerant and Reliable


Hybrid Topology
combination of two or more network topologies

The choice of combining topologies depends on the


network's requirements
High performance
Less number of computers
Geographical locations

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