Spring Dale Public School

Class – XII
Mathematics
Minimum Level Study Material
1. Determine the relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive or not.
(i) Relation R on the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, … , 13, 14} defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0}
(ii) Relation R on the set z of all integers defined as 𝑅 ∶ {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟}
2. Show that the relation R on the set 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 −
𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.
3. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, . . .9} and R be the relation on 𝐴 × 𝐴 defined by (𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑) if 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐,
∀ (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴 . Prore that R is an equivalence relation and also obtained the equivalence class
[(2,5)].
4. Let N de note the set of all-natural numbers and R be the relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑)
 𝑎𝑑(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑑). Check whether R is an equivalence relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁.
5. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set 𝐴 = {0,1,2,3,4,5} giren by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏); 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑎 − 𝑏)},
write the equivalence class [0].
𝑛 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
6. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = { , Show that 𝑓 is a bijection.
𝑛 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
7. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [−5, ∞) giren by 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that 𝑓 is bijection.
𝑥−2
8. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1} .consider the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3
. Show that 𝑓 is
injective and surjective.
9. Consider the function 𝑓: 𝑅 + → [−9, ∞) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 9. Prove that 𝑓 is bijective.
10. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 be a function defined as 𝑓 (𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that it is one-one but not onto.
Modify the function such that it become onto also.
11. Evaluate; tan−1 (tan 4).
√1+cos 𝑥 + √1−cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 3𝜋
12. Prove that: tan−1 [ ] = − ,𝜋 < 𝑥 < .
√1+cos 𝑥 − √1−cos 𝑥 4 2 2
13. Write one branch of cos −1 x other than the principal value branch.
43𝜋
14. Find the principal solution of sin−1 (cos ( 5
)).

15. Solve: tan−1 √3 − cot −1 (−√3).

16. Find the principal solution of following functions;
(i) sin−1 (sin 2𝜋/3) (ii) tan−1 (tan 3𝜋/4)
−1 (cos( ∘ ))
(iii) cos −680 (iv) cos −1 (cos 10)
17. Express each of the following in the simplest form
cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥
(i) tan−1 ( ), −𝜋/4 < 𝑥 < 𝜋4
cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥
√1+cos 𝑥+√1−cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
(ii) tan−1 { } = + , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋/2
√1+cos 𝑥−√1−cos 𝑥 4 2
√1+sin 𝑥+√1−sin 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
(iii) cot −1 { }= − 𝜋
, if 2 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
√1+sin 𝑥−√1−sin 𝑥 2 2
√1+𝑥−√1−𝑥
(iv) tan−1 { } = 𝜋4 − 12 cos −1 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
√ 1+𝑥+ √1−𝑥
−1 √1+𝑥+√1−𝑥
(v) sin { }, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
2

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18. Find the domain of the following functions
(i) cos−1 (𝑥 2 − 4) (ii) sin−1 (2𝑥 − 3)
(iii) sin−1 √𝑥 − 1 (iv) sec −1 (2𝑥 + 1)
2𝑥 + 1 3𝑦 𝑦 2 + 2]
19. Find 𝑥 and 𝑦, if [ 2 ] = [𝑥 + 3
0 𝑦 − 5𝑦 0 −6
20. If a matrix has 8 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What if it has 5 elements?
2 −1
21. Let 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐵 = [5 2] , 𝐶 = [2 5]. Find a matrix 𝐷 such that 𝐶𝐷 − 𝐴𝐵 = 0.
3 4 7 4 3 8
0 −tan 𝛼/2
22. Let 𝐴 = [ ] and I be the identity matrix of order 2. Show that
tan 𝛼/2 0
cos 𝛼 −sin 𝛼
𝐼 + 𝐴 = (𝐼 − 𝐴) [ ].
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
23. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐼, then find the simplified value of (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 + (𝐴 + 𝐼)3 − 7𝐴.
24. Show that the elements on the main diagonal of a skew symmetric matrix are all zero.
0 𝑎 3
25. If the matrix 𝐴 = [2 𝑏 −1] is a skew-symmetric, find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐.
𝑐 1 0
26. A matrix 𝐴 of order 3 × 3 has determinant 5. What is the value of |3𝐴| ?
27. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a 3 × 3 diagond matrix such that 𝑎11 = 1, 𝑎22 = 2 and 𝑎33 = 3, then find |𝐴|.
6 −𝑥 4
28. For what value of 𝑥 is the matrix [ ] singular?
3 −𝑥 1
29. If 𝐴 is a 3 × 3 matrix, then what will be the value of ′𝑘′ if Det(𝐴−1 ) = (Det 𝐴)𝑘 ?
30. If |𝐴| = 2, where 𝐴 is 2 × 2 matrix, find ∣ adj 𝐴 ∣.
31. If 𝐴 is square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then find |adj 𝐴| and |adj(adj 𝐴)|.
2 −3
32. Show that 𝐴 = [ ] satisfies the equation 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 17 = 0. Hence, find 𝐴−1 .
3 4
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
33. Use product of [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 9, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 4,2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −3.
2 3 1
34. If 𝐴 = [ 1 2 2 ], Find 𝐴−1 and hence to solve the system of equations
−3 1 −1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 13, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8.
1 −1 1
35. Given 𝐴 = [2 1 −3], Find A−1 , and use the result to solve the given equations given
1 1 1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, −𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.
𝑑𝑦 1
36. If 𝑥√1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦√1 + 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦, prove that =− .
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑦 sin2 (𝑎+𝑦)
37. If sin 𝑦 = 𝑥sin(𝑎 + 𝑦), prove that = .
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎
𝑑𝑦
38. If sin2 𝑦 + cos 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘, find at 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 𝜋/4.
𝑑𝑥
39. Diff. w.r.t ' 𝑥 '
(i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 (ii) 𝑦 = (log 𝑥)𝑥 + 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝜋
(iii) 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 + sin−1 √𝑥 (iv) 𝑦 = (tan 𝑥)log 𝑥 + cos2 ( )
4

40. Diff. w.r.t 𝑥

𝑥…∞
(i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 (ii) 𝑦 = √tan 𝑥 + √tan 𝑥 + √tan 𝑥 + ⋯ ∞

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 𝑑𝑦
41. Find , when
𝑑𝑥
(i) 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + sin 𝜃) and 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃).
2𝑡 1−𝑡 2
(ii) 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = .
1+𝑡 2 1+𝑡 2
(iii) 𝑥 = √𝑎 sin−1 −1
𝑡 and 𝑦 = √𝑎cos 𝑡 , 𝑎 > 0, −1 < 𝑡 < 1.
(iv) 𝑥 = 𝑎sin 2𝑡(1 + cos 2𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑏cos 2𝑡(1 − cos 2𝑡) at 𝑡 = 𝜋/4.
𝑑𝑦 3𝜃
42. If 𝑥 = 2cos 𝜃 − cos 2𝜃 and 𝑦 = 2sin 𝜃 − sin 2𝜃, prove that = tan ( ).
𝑑𝑥 2
2𝑥
43. Diff. sin−1 (
1+𝑥 2
) w.r.t tan−1 𝑥, −1 < 𝑥 < 1.

44. Diff. (log 𝑥)𝑥 w.r.t log 𝑥.

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
, prove that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑚 2 𝑦 = 0.
−1 𝑥
45. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚sin −𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑚
46. If 𝑦 = {𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1} , show that (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦2 + 𝑥𝑦1 − 𝑚2 𝑦 = 0.
47. If 𝑥 = 𝑎cos 𝜃 + 𝑏sin 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑎sin 𝜃 − 𝑏cos 𝜃, prove that 𝑦 2 𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦1 + 𝑦 = 0.
√1+sin 𝑥+√1−sin 𝑥
48. Differentiate w.r.t 𝑥 ; 𝑦 = tan−1 ( ) ; 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋.
√1+sin 𝑥−√1−sin 𝑥
√1+𝑥 2+√1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
49. If 𝑦 = tan { } , −1 < 𝑥 < 1, 𝑥 ≠ 0, find .
√1+𝑥 2−√1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

50. A particle moves along the curve 6𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which the 𝑦-coordinate
is changing 8 times as fast as the 𝑥-coordinate.
51. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in a circle at a speed of 3.5 cm/sec. At the instant
when the radius of the circular wave is 7.5 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
52. A man 2 m high, walks at a uniform speed of 6 m/min away from a lamp post, 5 m high. Find the rate
at which the length of his shadow increases.
53. Water is running into a conical vessel, 15 cm deep and 5 cm in radius, at the rate of 0.1 cm3 /sec.
when the water is 6 cm deep, find at what rate is
(i) the water level rising
(ii) the water -surface area increasing
(iii) the whetted surface area of the vessel increasing?

54. Find the interval in which the given following functions are increasing and decreasing.
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 15 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑥 − 3)3
2𝑥
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = log(1 + 𝑥) − 2+𝑥 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 22𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 21

55. Find the interval in which the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥, 0 ⩽ 𝑥 ⩽ 2𝜋 is increasing or
decreasing.
56. Maximise: 𝑍 = 15𝑥 + 10𝑦 Subject to: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ⩽ 80; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ⩽ 70; 𝑥, 𝑦 ⩾ 0
57. Minimize: 𝑍 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 Subject to: 𝑥 + 𝑦 ⩾ 8; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 ⩾ 12; 𝑥 ⩾ 3, 𝑦 ⩾ 2
58. Minimize: 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 Subject to: 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ⩾ 3; 𝑥 + 𝑦 ⩾ 2; 𝑥, 𝑦 ⩾ 0
59. Maximize: Z = 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 Subject to: 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 ⩽ 8; 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ⩽ 6; 𝑥 + 𝑦 ⩽ 𝑦, 𝑥 ⩾ 0, 𝑦 ⩾
60. Minimize: 𝑍 = 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 Subject to: 4𝑥 + 𝑦 ⩾ 80; 𝑥 + 5𝑦 ⩾ 115; 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ⩽ 150; 𝑥 ⩾ 0, 𝑦 ⩾ 0

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61. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 𝐴(1,2, −1) and parallel to the line
5𝑥 − 25 = 14 − 7𝑦 = 35 :
62. Find the shortest distance between the lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 whose vector equations are
𝑟⃗ = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) and 𝑟⃗ = (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) + 𝜇(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) where 𝜆 and 𝜇 are
parameters.
𝑥−8 𝑦+9 𝑧−10
63. Find the shortest distance between the lines = = and
3 −16 7
𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
= = .
3 8 −5

64. Find the cartesian and vector equations of a line which passes through the point (1,2,3) and
−𝑥−2 𝑦+3 2𝑧−6
is parallel to the line = = .
1 7 3
1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 𝑧−3 7−7𝑥 𝑦−5 6−𝑧
65. Find 𝜆, so that the lines 𝑙1 : = = and 𝑙2 : = = are at right angle.
3 2𝜆 2 3𝜆 1 5
Also, find the equation of a line passing through the point (3,2, −4) and parallel to line 𝑙1 .
66. Find the vector and cartesian equation of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with equation
𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧+1 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
= = and = = and passes through the point (1,1,1). Also, find the angle
1 2 4 2 3 4
between the given lines.
67. Find the value of ' 𝑘 ' so that the lines 𝑥 = −𝑦 = 𝑘𝑧, and 𝑥 − 2 = 2𝑦 + 1 = −𝑧 + 1 are perpendicular to
each other.
68. Determine the equation of the line passing through the point (1,2, −4) and perpendicular to the two
𝑥−8 𝑦+9 𝑧−10 𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
lines = = and = = .
8 −16 7 3 8 −5
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−4 𝑦−1
69. Show that the lines = = and = = 𝑧 intersect. Find their point of intersection.
2 3 4 5 2
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧+4
70. Find the foot of perpendicular from the point (0,2,3) on the line = = . Also, find the
5 2 3
length of perpendicular and hence find the image of this point in the given line.
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
71. Find the image of the point (1,6,3) in the line = = . Also, write the equation of the line
1 2 3
joining the given point and its image and find the length of the segment joining the given point and
its image.
72. Find the area of the curve bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = |𝑥|.
73. Using integration find the area of the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 3.
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
74. Using integration find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): + ≤ 1 ≤ + }.
9 4 3 2
0
75. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 3| and evaluate: ∫−6|𝑥 + 3|𝑑𝑥.
𝑥2 𝑦2
76. Using integration, find the area of the ellipse + = 1, included between the ordinates 𝑥 = −2
16 4
and 𝑥 = 2.

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77. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2, the x-axis and the
ordinates 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 1.
78. Find a vector of magnitude 4 units perpendicular to each of the vectors 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ and 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ and
hence verify your answer.

79. Given 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ − 𝑘ˆ and 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ , Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both
𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ ⋅ 𝑑⃗ = 3.
80. Three vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ satisfy the condition 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0
⃗⃗. Evaluate the quantity

𝜇 = 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ⋅ 𝑎⃗ ⋅ If |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and |𝑐⃗| = 2.

81. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ, represent two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, find unit
vectors parallel to the diagonals of the parallelogram.
82. If 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , 2𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ, 3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ and 𝑖ˆ − 6𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ respectively, are the position vectors of points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶

and 𝐷, then find the angle between the straight lines 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷. Find whether ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 are collinear
or not.

83. Show that the points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 with position vectors 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , 𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ and 3𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ − 4𝑘ˆ respectively,
are the vertices of a right-angled triangle. Hence, find the area of the triangle.

84. Find the projection of vector (𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗) on vector 𝑎⃗, where 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ and 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑘ˆ.
85. Let 𝑎⃗ = 4𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ and 𝑐⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘ˆ. Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both

𝑐⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑑⃗ ⋅ 𝑎⃗ = 21.

Thanks and Regards

Maths Department

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