The document discusses the dissatisfaction with British rule in India during the 1870s and 1880s, highlighting key events such as the Arms Act and the Ilbert Bill. It outlines the Indian National Congress's aim to represent all Indians and the economic impact of World War I. Additionally, it covers the rise of the Muslim League, the differences between Radical and Moderate Congress leaders, Gandhi's salt law protest, and events leading to the creation of Pakistan.
The document discusses the dissatisfaction with British rule in India during the 1870s and 1880s, highlighting key events such as the Arms Act and the Ilbert Bill. It outlines the Indian National Congress's aim to represent all Indians and the economic impact of World War I. Additionally, it covers the rise of the Muslim League, the differences between Radical and Moderate Congress leaders, Gandhi's salt law protest, and events leading to the creation of Pakistan.
The document discusses the dissatisfaction with British rule in India during the 1870s and 1880s, highlighting key events such as the Arms Act and the Ilbert Bill. It outlines the Indian National Congress's aim to represent all Indians and the economic impact of World War I. Additionally, it covers the rise of the Muslim League, the differences between Radical and Moderate Congress leaders, Gandhi's salt law protest, and events leading to the creation of Pakistan.
The document discusses the dissatisfaction with British rule in India during the 1870s and 1880s, highlighting key events such as the Arms Act and the Ilbert Bill. It outlines the Indian National Congress's aim to represent all Indians and the economic impact of World War I. Additionally, it covers the rise of the Muslim League, the differences between Radical and Moderate Congress leaders, Gandhi's salt law protest, and events leading to the creation of Pakistan.
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Grade 8 History
The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947
Q1. Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s? Ans. The dissatisfaction against British rule was intensified in the 1870s and 1880s. 1. The Arms Act was passed in 1878, which disallowed Indians from having arms. 2. Same year the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted to silence the critics of the government. ● The Act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything “objectionable”. 3. In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. ● The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country.
Q2.Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Ans. a) Indian National Congress wished to speak for all the people of India, irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language, or gender. b) It stated that India, its resources and systems were not of any one class or community of India, but of all the different communities of India. Q3.What economic impact did the First World War have on India? Ans.- World War I altered the economic and political situation in India. 1. Defence expenditure of the Government of India rose manifold. As a consequence taxes on individual incomes and business profits increased several times. 2. Increased military expenditure and demands for war supplies, resulted in a sharp rise in prices, causing great difficulties for the common people. 3. Demand for industrial goods (jute bags, cloth, rails) and a decline of imports from other countries led to the expansion of Indian industry. So, Indian business groups earned a huge profit.
Q4. What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for? Ans.- In 1940 the Muslim League passed a resolution demanding “Independent States” for Muslims in the north-western and eastern areas of the country. The resolution did not mention partition of Pakistan. Q5. Differentiate between the politics of the Radicals and the Moderates? Ans.-
Radicals within the Congress Moderates within the Congress
The radicals opposed the They would not perform any act moderate ‘politics of prayers’ and that would offend the British. ‘resolutions’. They stressed self-reliance as Their entire attitude was of a soft, well as Constructive work. humble approach. Radicals had demanded complete The moderates demanded Swaraj ‘Swaraj outside the British Empire. within the British Empire. The radicals advocated methods Their demands were presented of strikes and boycotts for the through meetings, resolutions or fulfillment of their demands. speeches.
Q6. Why did Gandhi choose to break the salt law?
Ans.- 1.The British introduced a law stating that the Government had control over the manufacture and sale of salt. 2.It also imposed a tax on the sale of salt. Our national leaders felt that it was wrong to impose tax on an essential food commodity. They decided to oppose this tax. 3.In 1930, Gandhiji declared he would lead a march to break the salt law. 4.Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi 5.They broke the law by boiling sea water to produce salt. Q7.Discuss those situations of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan Ans.- a) In 1937 the government announced elections to provincial legislatures. The Congress won in 7 out of 11 provinces. b) The ‘Quit India' Movement started in 1942 and the British did their best to suppress the movement. Finally, the British began accepting the demand for freedom by the Indians. c)The Muslim League started demanding “Independent States” for Muslims.They feared being suppressed by the majority groups in India. d) In the next 1946 elections, the Muslim League succeeded in areas where seats were reserved for Muslims. e)After the failure of the Cabinet Mission Plan, the Muslim League decided on a mass agitation to press for its demand for Pakistan. f) It was announced on 16 August as Direct Action Day.Riots broke out in many places, resulting in several thousands of deaths. g) Numerous women faced untold brutalities, millions of people were forced to run away from their homes.Partition meant that India had changed – a new country Pakistan was born.
Q 8. Name five Moderate and Radical leaders.
Moderate leaders. Radical leaders.
Dadabhai Naoroji, Lala Lajpat Rai,
Romesh Chandra Dutt Bipin Chandra Pal,
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
S.N.Banerjee and Ashwini Kumar Dutt
A.O.Hume. Aurobindo Ghosh.
Important activities to be done -
1. Draw a flow chart to show the following information about the Non- Cooperation Movement. Ans.- 1.During 1921 -22 the Non-Cooperation Movement started. 2. Students left government schools and colleges, and lawyers gave up their practices. 3. Many Indians surrendered their British titles. 4. People publicly burnt foreign goods. 5.The Patidar peasants of Gujarat and the tribals and peasants of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu staged forest satyagrahas and campaigns against the land revenue 6.In Bengal, the Khilafat + Non-Cooperation alliance gave unity and strength to the national movement. 7.In Assam, tea garden workers demanded a big increase in their wages.
2. Activity for H W: Draw a timeline to show the following events of the
national movement: - a) The Partition of Bengal b) The Swadeshi & Boycott Movement c) Split of the Congress at Surat d) The Rowlatt Act e) The Non Co- Operation Movement
3. Activity for H W: Find and paste pictures of 2 moderate and 2 radical leaders of the Congress in your notebook. Paste pictures in your notebook to show the trio – “Lal - Bal – Pal”.
