my_string = "This is a string"

my_string2 = 'This is also a string'

my_string = 'And this? It's the wrong string'

my_string = "And this? It's the correct string"

 +

my_string = "Awesome day" my_string1 = "Awesome day"

len(my_string) my_string2 = "for biking"

11 print(my_string1+" "+my_string2)

Awesome day for biking

str(123)

'123'

my_string = "Awesome day" my_string = "Awesome day"

print(my_string[0:3])

print(my_string[3])
Awe

print(my_string[:5])
print(my_string[5:])
print(my_string[-1])

Aweso
y
me day
my_string = "Awesome day"
print(my_string[0:6:2])

Aeo

print(my_string[::-1])

yad emosewA

my_string = "tHis Is a niCe StriNg"

print(my_string.lower())

this is a nice string

print(my_string.upper())

THIS IS A NICE STRING

my_string = "tHis Is a niCe StriNg" my_string = "This string will be split"

my_string.split(sep=" ", maxsplit=2)

print(my_string.capitalize())
['This', 'string', 'will be split']

This is a nice string

my_string.rsplit(sep=" ", maxsplit=2)

['This string will', 'be', 'split']

my_string = "This string will be split\nin two"

my_string = "This string will be split\nin two"
print(my_string)

This string will be split

my_string.splitlines()
in two

['This string will be split', 'in two']

 .strip()

my_string = " This string will be stripped\n"

my_string.strip()
my_list = ["this", "would", "be", "a", "string"]
print(" ".join(my_list))
'This string will be stripped'

this would be a string

my_string = " This string will be stripped\n"

my_string.rstrip()

' This string will be stripped'

my_string.lstrip()

'This string will be stripped\n'

 my_string = "Where's Waldo?"
my_string.find("Waldo")

my_string.find("Wenda")

-1

.find()

my_string = "Where's Waldo?" my_string = "Where's Waldo?"

my_string.index("Waldo")

my_string.find("Waldo", 0, 6)
8

-1
my_string.index("Wenda")

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

ValueError: substring not found
 .find()

my_string = "Where's Waldo?" my_string = "How many fruits do you have in your fruit basket?"
my_string.count("fruit")

try:
my_string.index("Wenda") 2
except ValueError:
print("Not found")
my_string.count("fruit", 0, 16)

"Not found"
1

my_string = "The red house is between the blue house and the old house"
print(my_string.replace("house", "car"))

The red car is between the blue car and the old car

print(my_string.replace("house", "car", 2))

The red car is between the blue car and the old house
custom_string = "String formatting"
print(f"{custom_string} is a powerful technique")

String formatting is a powerful technique

 my_string = "{} rely on {} datasets"
method = "Supervised algorithms"
condition = "labeled"
str.format()

print(my_string.format(method, condition))

print("Machine learning provides {} the ability to learn {}".format("systems", "automatically")) Supervised algorithms rely on labeled datasets

Machine learning provides systems the ability to learn automatically

print("{} has a friend called {} and a sister called {}".format("Betty", "Linda", "Daisy")) tool="Unsupervised algorithms"
goal="patterns"
print("{title} try to find {aim} in the dataset".format(title=tool, aim=goal))
Betty has a friend called Linda and a sister called Daisy

Unsupervised algorithms try to find patterns in the dataset

print("{2} has a friend called {0} and a sister called {1}".format("Betty", "Linda", "Daisy"))

Daisy has a friend called Betty and a sister called Linda

my_methods = {"tool": "Unsupervised algorithms", "goal": "patterns"} {index:specifier}

print("Only {0:f}% of the {1} produced worldwide is {2}!".format(0.5155675, "data", "analyzed"))

print('{data[tool]} try to find {data[goal]} in the dataset'.format(data=my_methods))

Only 0.515568% of the data produced worldwide is analyzed!

Unsupervised algorithms try to find patterns in the dataset

print("Only {0:.2f}% of the {1} produced worldwide is {2}!".format(0.5155675, "data", "analyzed"))

Only 0.52% of the data produced worldwide is analyzed!

from datetime import datetime

print(datetime.now())

datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 11, 20, 19, 22, 58582)

print("Today's date is {:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M}".format(datetime.now()))

Today's date is 2019-04-11 20:20

 f

way = "code"
method = "learning Python faster"
print(f"Practicing how to {way} is the best method for {method}")

Practicing how to code is the best method for learning Python faster

!s e

!r d

!a f

name = "Python" number = 90.41890417471841

print(f"Python is called {name!r} due to a comedy series") print(f"In the last 2 years, {number:.2f}% of the data was produced worldwide!")

Python is called 'Python' due to a comedy series In the last 2 years, 90.42% of the data was produced worldwide!
 family = {"dad": "John", "siblings": "Peter"}

datetime
print("Is your dad called {family[dad]}?".format(family=family))

Is your dad called John?

from datetime import datetime
my_today = datetime.now()

print(f"Today's date is {my_today:%B %d, %Y}") family["dad"]

print(f"Is your dad called {family[dad]}?")

Today's date is April 14, 2019

NameError: name 'dad' is not defined

\ family = {"dad": "John", "siblings": "Peter"}

print("My dad is called "John"")

SyntaxError: invalid syntax print(f"Is your dad called {family[\"dad\"]}?")

SyntaxError: f-string expression part cannot include a backslash

my_string = "My dad is called \"John\""

My dad is called "John" print(f"Is your dad called {family['dad']}?")

Is your dad called John?

 def my_function(a, b):
return a + b
my_number = 4
my_multiplier = 7
print(f"If you sum up 10 and 20 the result is {my_function(10, 20)}")

print(f'{my_number} multiplied by {my_multiplier} is {my_number * my_multiplier}')

If you sum up 10 and 20 the result is 30

4 multiplied by 7 is 28
 from string import Template
my_string = Template('Data science has been called $identifier')
my_string.substitute(identifier="sexiest job of the 21st century")

'Data science has been called sexiest job of the 21st century'

$identifier ${identifier}

from string import Template

my_string = Template('I find Python very ${noun}ing but my sister has lost $noun')
job = "Data science"
my_string.substitute(noun="interest")
name = "sexiest job of the 21st century"
my_string = Template('$title has been called $description')
my_string.substitute(title=job, description=name) 'I find Python very interesting but my sister has lost interest'

'Data science has been called sexiest job of the 21st century'
 $$

favorite = dict(flavor="chocolate")
my_string = Template('I love $flavor $cake very much')
my_string = Template('I paid for the Python course only $$ $price, amazing!') my_string.substitute(favorite)
my_string.substitute(price="12.50")

Traceback (most recent call last):

'I paid for the Python course only $ 12.50, amazing!' KeyError: 'cake'

favorite = dict(flavor="chocolate")
my_string = Template('I love $flavor $cake very much')

try: favorite = dict(flavor="chocolate")

my_string.substitute(favorite) my_string = Template('I love $flavor $cake very much')
except KeyError: my_string.safe_substitute(favorite)
print("missing information")

'I love chocolate $cake very much'

missing information
str.format()
st \d \s \w {3,10}

\d \s \w {3,10} \d \s \w {3,10}
\d \s \w {3,10}

import re

re.findall(r"#movies", "Love #movies! I had fun yesterday going to the #movies")

['#movies', '#movies']
import re import re

re.sub(r"yellow", "nice", "I have a yellow car and a yellow house in a yellow neighborhood")
re.split(r"!", "Nice Place to eat! I'll come back! Excellent meat!")

'I have a nice car and a nice house in a nice neighborhood'

['Nice Place to eat', " I'll come back", ' Excellent meat', '']

re.findall(r"User\d", "The winners are: User9, UserN, User8") re.findall(r"User\w", "The winners are: User9, UserN, User8")

['User9', 'User8'] ['User9', 'UserN', 'User8']

re.findall(r"User\D", "The winners are: User9, UserN, User8") re.findall(r"\W\d", "This skirt is on sale, only $5 today!")

['UserN'] ['$5']
re.findall(r"Data\sScience", "I enjoy learning Data Science")

['Data Science']

re.sub(r"ice\Scream", "ice cream", "I really like ice-cream")

'I really like ice cream'

import re import re
password = "password1234" password = "password1234"

re.search(r"\w\w\w\w\w\w\w\w\d\d\d\d", password) re.search(r"\w{8}\d{4}", password)

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 12), match='password1234'> <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 12), match='password1234'>
 + +

text = "Date of start: 4-3. Date of registration: 10-04." text = "Date of start: 4-3. Date of registration: 10-04."

re.findall(r" ", text) re.findall(r"\d+- ", text)

+ *

text = "Date of start: 4-3. Date of registration: 10-04." my_string = "The concert was amazing! @ameli!a @joh&&n @mary90"
re.findall(r"@\w+\W*\w+", my_string)

re.findall(r"\d+-\d+", text)
['@ameli!a', '@joh&&n', '@mary90']

['4-3', '10-04']
 ? {n, m}

text = "The color of this image is amazing. However, the colour blue could be brighter." phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424"
re.findall(r"colou?r", text)

re.findall(r" ", phone_number)

['color', 'colour']

{n, m} {n, m}

phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424" phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424"

re.findall(r"\d{1,2}- ", phone_number) re.findall(r"\d{1,2}-\d{3}- ", phone_number)

 {n, m}
r"apple+" +

phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424"

re.findall(r"\d{1,2}-\d{3}-\d{2,3}-\d{4,}", phone_number)

['1-966-847-3131', '54-908-42-42424']
 .

re.search(r"\d{4}", "4506 people attend the show") re.match(r"\d{4}", "4506 people attend the show")

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 4), match='4506'> <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 4), match='4506'>
my_links = "Just check out this link: www.amazingpics.com. It has amazing photos!"
re.findall(r"www com", my_links)

re.search(r"\d+", "Yesterday, I saw 3 shows") re.match(r"\d+","Yesterday, I saw 3 shows")

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(17, 18), match='3'> None

. ^

my_string = "the 80s music was much better that the 90s"

re.findall(r"the\s\d+s", my_string)

['the 80s', 'the 90s']

my_links = "Just check out this link: www.amazingpics.com. It has amazing photos!"
re.findall(r"www.+com", my_links)

['www.amazingpics.com']
re.findall(r"^the\s\d+s", my_string)

['the 80s']
 $ \

my_string = "the 80s music hits were much better that the 90s" my_string = "I love the music of Mr.Go. However, the sound was too loud."

re.findall(r"the\s\d+s$", my_string) print(re.split(r".\s", my_string))

['the 90s'] ['', 'lov', 'th', 'musi', 'o', 'Mr.Go', 'However', 'th', 'soun', 'wa', 'to', 'loud.']

print(re.split(r"\.\s", my_string))

['I love the music of Mr.Go', 'However, the sound was too loud.']

| [ ]

my_string = "Elephants are the world's largest land animal! I would love to see an elephant one day" my_string = "Yesterday I spent my afternoon with my friends: MaryJohn2 Clary3"

re.findall(r"Elephant|elephant", my_string) re.findall(r"[a-zA-Z]+\d", my_string)

['Elephant', 'elephant'] ['MaryJohn2', 'Clary3']

 [ ] [ ]
^
my_string = "My&name&is#John Smith. I%live$in#London."

re.sub(r"[#$%&]", " ", my_string)

my_links = "Bad website: www.99.com. Favorite site: www.hola.com"
re.findall(r"www[^0-9]+com", my_links)
'My name is John Smith. I live in London.'

['www.hola.com']
 import re
* + ? {num, num} re.match(r"\d+", "12345bcada")

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 5), match='12345'>

import re ?
re.match(r".*hello", "xhelloxxxxxx")
import re
re.match(r"\d+?", "12345bcada")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 6), match='xhello'>

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 1), match='1'>

import re
re.match(r".*?hello", "xhelloxxxxxx")

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 6), match='xhello'>

re.findall(r'[A-Za-z]+\s\w+\s\d+\s\w+', text)

['Clary has 2 friends', 'Susan has 3 brothers', 'John has 4 sisters']

re.findall(r'([A-Za-z]+)\s\w+\s\d+\s\w+', text)

['Clary', 'Susan', 'John']

re.findall(r'([A-Za-z]+)\s\w+\s(\d+)\s(\w+)', text)

[('Clary', '2', 'friends'),

('Susan', '3', 'brothers'),
('John', '4', 'sisters')]

r"apple+" +
pets = re.findall(r'([A-Za-z]+)\s\w+\s(\d+)\s(\w+)', "Clary has 2 dogs but John has 3 cats")
pets[0][0]

'Clary'

re.search(r"(\d[A-Za-z])+", "My user name is 3e4r5fg")

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(16, 22), match='3e4r5f'>

 (\d+) (\d)+

my_string = "My lucky numbers are 8755 and 33"

re.findall(r"(\d)+", my_string)

['5', '3']

re.findall(r"(\d+)", my_string)

['8755', '33']

my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want a cat, a dog or a bird."
re.findall(r"cat|dog|bird", my_string)

['cat', 'dog', 'bird']

 |

my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want 2 cats, 1 dog or a bird."
re.findall(r"\d+\scat|dog|bird", my_string)

my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want 2 cats, 1 dog or a bird."
['2 cat', 'dog', 'bird']
re.findall(r"\d+\s(cat|dog|bird)", my_string)

['cat', 'dog']

?: (?:regex)

my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want 2 cats, 1 dog or a bird."
re.findall(r"(\d)+\s(cat|dog|bird)", my_string)

[('2', 'cat'), ('1', 'dog')]

 my_date = "Today is 23rd May 2019. Tomorrow is 24th May 19."
re.findall(r"(\d+)(?:th|rd)", my_date)

['23', '24']
my_string = "John Smith: 34-34-34-042-980, Rebeca Smith: 10-10-10-434-425"
re.findall(r"(?:\d{2}-){3}(\d{3}-\d{3})", my_string)

['042-980', '434-425']
text = "Python 3.0 was released on 12-03-2008."

information = re.search('(\d{1,2})-(\d{2})-(\d{4})', text)

information.group(3)

'2008'

information.group(0)

'12-03-2008'
text = "Austin, 78701"
cities = re.search(r"(?P<city>[A-Za-z]+).*?(?P<zipcode>\d{5})", text)
cities.group("city")

'Austin'

cities.group("zipcode")

'78701'

sentence = "I wish you a happy happy birthday!" sentence = "I wish you a happy happy birthday!"
re.findall(r"(\w+)\s ", sentence) re.findall(r"(\w+)\s\1", sentence)

['happy']
sentence = "I wish you a happy happy birthday!"
re.sub(r"(\w+)\s\1", r"\1", sentence)

'I wish you a happy birthday!'

sentence = "Your new code number is 23434. Please, enter 23434 to open the door."
re.findall(r"(?P<code>\d{5}).*?(?P=code)", sentence)

['23434']

sentence = "This app is not working! It's repeating the last word word."
re.sub(r"(?P<word>\w+)\s(?P=word)", r"\g<word>", sentence)

'This app is not working! It's repeating the last word.'

my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error" my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error"
re.findall(r"\w+\.txt ", my_text) re.findall(r"\w+\.txt(?=\stransferred)", my_text)

['tweets.txt', 'mypass.txt']

my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error" my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error"
re.findall(r"\w+\.txt ", my_text) re.findall(r"\w+\.txt(?!\stransferred)", my_text)

['keywords.txt']
 my_text = "Member: Angus Young, Member: Chris Slade, Past: Malcolm Young, Past: Cliff Williams."
re.findall(r" \w+\s\w+", my_text)

my_text = "Member: Angus Young, Member: Chris Slade, Past: Malcolm Young, Past: Cliff Williams." my_text = "My white cat sat at the table. However, my brown dog was lying on the couch."
re.findall(r"(?<=Member:\s)\w+\s\w+", my_text) re.findall(r"(?<!brown\s)(cat|dog)", my_text)

['Angus Young', 'Chris Slade'] ['cat']