my_string = "This is a string"
my_string2 = 'This is also a string'
my_string = 'And this? It's the wrong string'
my_string = "And this? It's the correct string"
+
my_string = "Awesome day" my_string1 = "Awesome day"
len(my_string) my_string2 = "for biking"
11 print(my_string1+" "+my_string2)
Awesome day for biking
str(123)
'123'
my_string = "Awesome day" my_string = "Awesome day"
print(my_string[0:3])
print(my_string[3])
Awe
print(my_string[:5])
print(my_string[5:])
print(my_string[-1])
Aweso
y
me day
my_string = "Awesome day"
print(my_string[0:6:2])
Aeo
print(my_string[::-1])
yad emosewA
my_string = "tHis Is a niCe StriNg"
print(my_string.lower())
this is a nice string
print(my_string.upper())
THIS IS A NICE STRING
my_string = "tHis Is a niCe StriNg" my_string = "This string will be split"
my_string.split(sep=" ", maxsplit=2)
print(my_string.capitalize())
['This', 'string', 'will be split']
This is a nice string
my_string.rsplit(sep=" ", maxsplit=2)
['This string will', 'be', 'split']
my_string = "This string will be split\nin two"
my_string = "This string will be split\nin two"
print(my_string)
This string will be split
my_string.splitlines()
in two
['This string will be split', 'in two']
.strip()
my_string = " This string will be stripped\n"
my_string.strip()
my_list = ["this", "would", "be", "a", "string"]
print(" ".join(my_list))
'This string will be stripped'
this would be a string
my_string = " This string will be stripped\n"
my_string.rstrip()
' This string will be stripped'
my_string.lstrip()
'This string will be stripped\n'
my_string = "Where's Waldo?"
my_string.find("Waldo")
my_string.find("Wenda")
-1
.find()
my_string = "Where's Waldo?" my_string = "Where's Waldo?"
my_string.index("Waldo")
my_string.find("Waldo", 0, 6)
8
-1
my_string.index("Wenda")
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: substring not found
.find()
my_string = "Where's Waldo?" my_string = "How many fruits do you have in your fruit basket?"
my_string.count("fruit")
try:
my_string.index("Wenda") 2
except ValueError:
print("Not found")
my_string.count("fruit", 0, 16)
"Not found"
1
my_string = "The red house is between the blue house and the old house"
print(my_string.replace("house", "car"))
The red car is between the blue car and the old car
print(my_string.replace("house", "car", 2))
The red car is between the blue car and the old house
custom_string = "String formatting"
print(f"{custom_string} is a powerful technique")
String formatting is a powerful technique
my_string = "{} rely on {} datasets"
method = "Supervised algorithms"
condition = "labeled"
str.format()
print(my_string.format(method, condition))
print("Machine learning provides {} the ability to learn {}".format("systems", "automatically")) Supervised algorithms rely on labeled datasets
Machine learning provides systems the ability to learn automatically
print("{} has a friend called {} and a sister called {}".format("Betty", "Linda", "Daisy")) tool="Unsupervised algorithms"
goal="patterns"
print("{title} try to find {aim} in the dataset".format(title=tool, aim=goal))
Betty has a friend called Linda and a sister called Daisy
Unsupervised algorithms try to find patterns in the dataset
print("{2} has a friend called {0} and a sister called {1}".format("Betty", "Linda", "Daisy"))
Daisy has a friend called Betty and a sister called Linda
my_methods = {"tool": "Unsupervised algorithms", "goal": "patterns"} {index:specifier}
print("Only {0:f}% of the {1} produced worldwide is {2}!".format(0.5155675, "data", "analyzed"))
print('{data[tool]} try to find {data[goal]} in the dataset'.format(data=my_methods))
Only 0.515568% of the data produced worldwide is analyzed!
Unsupervised algorithms try to find patterns in the dataset
print("Only {0:.2f}% of the {1} produced worldwide is {2}!".format(0.5155675, "data", "analyzed"))
Only 0.52% of the data produced worldwide is analyzed!
from datetime import datetime
print(datetime.now())
datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 11, 20, 19, 22, 58582)
print("Today's date is {:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M}".format(datetime.now()))
Today's date is 2019-04-11 20:20
f
way = "code"
method = "learning Python faster"
print(f"Practicing how to {way} is the best method for {method}")
Practicing how to code is the best method for learning Python faster
!s e
!r d
!a f
name = "Python" number = 90.41890417471841
print(f"Python is called {name!r} due to a comedy series") print(f"In the last 2 years, {number:.2f}% of the data was produced worldwide!")
Python is called 'Python' due to a comedy series In the last 2 years, 90.42% of the data was produced worldwide!
family = {"dad": "John", "siblings": "Peter"}
datetime
print("Is your dad called {family[dad]}?".format(family=family))
Is your dad called John?
from datetime import datetime
my_today = datetime.now()
print(f"Today's date is {my_today:%B %d, %Y}") family["dad"]
print(f"Is your dad called {family[dad]}?")
Today's date is April 14, 2019
NameError: name 'dad' is not defined
\ family = {"dad": "John", "siblings": "Peter"}
print("My dad is called "John"")
SyntaxError: invalid syntax print(f"Is your dad called {family[\"dad\"]}?")
SyntaxError: f-string expression part cannot include a backslash
my_string = "My dad is called \"John\""
My dad is called "John" print(f"Is your dad called {family['dad']}?")
Is your dad called John?
def my_function(a, b):
return a + b
my_number = 4
my_multiplier = 7
print(f"If you sum up 10 and 20 the result is {my_function(10, 20)}")
print(f'{my_number} multiplied by {my_multiplier} is {my_number * my_multiplier}')
If you sum up 10 and 20 the result is 30
4 multiplied by 7 is 28
from string import Template
my_string = Template('Data science has been called $identifier')
my_string.substitute(identifier="sexiest job of the 21st century")
'Data science has been called sexiest job of the 21st century'
$identifier ${identifier}
from string import Template
my_string = Template('I find Python very ${noun}ing but my sister has lost $noun')
job = "Data science"
my_string.substitute(noun="interest")
name = "sexiest job of the 21st century"
my_string = Template('$title has been called $description')
my_string.substitute(title=job, description=name) 'I find Python very interesting but my sister has lost interest'
'Data science has been called sexiest job of the 21st century'
$$
favorite = dict(flavor="chocolate")
my_string = Template('I love $flavor $cake very much')
my_string = Template('I paid for the Python course only $$ $price, amazing!') my_string.substitute(favorite)
my_string.substitute(price="12.50")
Traceback (most recent call last):
'I paid for the Python course only $ 12.50, amazing!' KeyError: 'cake'
favorite = dict(flavor="chocolate")
my_string = Template('I love $flavor $cake very much')
try: favorite = dict(flavor="chocolate")
my_string.substitute(favorite) my_string = Template('I love $flavor $cake very much')
except KeyError: my_string.safe_substitute(favorite)
print("missing information")
'I love chocolate $cake very much'
missing information
str.format()
st \d \s \w {3,10}
\d \s \w {3,10} \d \s \w {3,10}
\d \s \w {3,10}
import re
re.findall(r"#movies", "Love #movies! I had fun yesterday going to the #movies")
['#movies', '#movies']
import re import re
re.sub(r"yellow", "nice", "I have a yellow car and a yellow house in a yellow neighborhood")
re.split(r"!", "Nice Place to eat! I'll come back! Excellent meat!")
'I have a nice car and a nice house in a nice neighborhood'
['Nice Place to eat', " I'll come back", ' Excellent meat', '']
re.findall(r"User\d", "The winners are: User9, UserN, User8") re.findall(r"User\w", "The winners are: User9, UserN, User8")
['User9', 'User8'] ['User9', 'UserN', 'User8']
re.findall(r"User\D", "The winners are: User9, UserN, User8") re.findall(r"\W\d", "This skirt is on sale, only $5 today!")
['UserN'] ['$5']
re.findall(r"Data\sScience", "I enjoy learning Data Science")
['Data Science']
re.sub(r"ice\Scream", "ice cream", "I really like ice-cream")
'I really like ice cream'
import re import re
password = "password1234" password = "password1234"
re.search(r"\w\w\w\w\w\w\w\w\d\d\d\d", password) re.search(r"\w{8}\d{4}", password)
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 12), match='password1234'> <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 12), match='password1234'>
+ +
text = "Date of start: 4-3. Date of registration: 10-04." text = "Date of start: 4-3. Date of registration: 10-04."
re.findall(r" ", text) re.findall(r"\d+- ", text)
+ *
text = "Date of start: 4-3. Date of registration: 10-04." my_string = "The concert was amazing! @ameli!a @joh&&n @mary90"
re.findall(r"@\w+\W*\w+", my_string)
re.findall(r"\d+-\d+", text)
['@ameli!a', '@joh&&n', '@mary90']
['4-3', '10-04']
? {n, m}
text = "The color of this image is amazing. However, the colour blue could be brighter." phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424"
re.findall(r"colou?r", text)
re.findall(r" ", phone_number)
['color', 'colour']
{n, m} {n, m}
phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424" phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424"
re.findall(r"\d{1,2}- ", phone_number) re.findall(r"\d{1,2}-\d{3}- ", phone_number)
{n, m}
r"apple+" +
phone_number = "John: 1-966-847-3131 Michelle: 54-908-42-42424"
re.findall(r"\d{1,2}-\d{3}-\d{2,3}-\d{4,}", phone_number)
['1-966-847-3131', '54-908-42-42424']
.
re.search(r"\d{4}", "4506 people attend the show") re.match(r"\d{4}", "4506 people attend the show")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 4), match='4506'> <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 4), match='4506'>
my_links = "Just check out this link: www.amazingpics.com. It has amazing photos!"
re.findall(r"www com", my_links)
re.search(r"\d+", "Yesterday, I saw 3 shows") re.match(r"\d+","Yesterday, I saw 3 shows")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(17, 18), match='3'> None
. ^
my_string = "the 80s music was much better that the 90s"
re.findall(r"the\s\d+s", my_string)
['the 80s', 'the 90s']
my_links = "Just check out this link: www.amazingpics.com. It has amazing photos!"
re.findall(r"www.+com", my_links)
['www.amazingpics.com']
re.findall(r"^the\s\d+s", my_string)
['the 80s']
$ \
my_string = "the 80s music hits were much better that the 90s" my_string = "I love the music of Mr.Go. However, the sound was too loud."
re.findall(r"the\s\d+s$", my_string) print(re.split(r".\s", my_string))
['the 90s'] ['', 'lov', 'th', 'musi', 'o', 'Mr.Go', 'However', 'th', 'soun', 'wa', 'to', 'loud.']
print(re.split(r"\.\s", my_string))
['I love the music of Mr.Go', 'However, the sound was too loud.']
| [ ]
my_string = "Elephants are the world's largest land animal! I would love to see an elephant one day" my_string = "Yesterday I spent my afternoon with my friends: MaryJohn2 Clary3"
re.findall(r"Elephant|elephant", my_string) re.findall(r"[a-zA-Z]+\d", my_string)
['Elephant', 'elephant'] ['MaryJohn2', 'Clary3']
[ ] [ ]
^
my_string = "My&name&is#John Smith. I%live$in#London."
re.sub(r"[#$%&]", " ", my_string)
my_links = "Bad website: www.99.com. Favorite site: www.hola.com"
re.findall(r"www[^0-9]+com", my_links)
'My name is John Smith. I live in London.'
['www.hola.com']
import re
* + ? {num, num} re.match(r"\d+", "12345bcada")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 5), match='12345'>
import re ?
re.match(r".*hello", "xhelloxxxxxx")
import re
re.match(r"\d+?", "12345bcada")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 6), match='xhello'>
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 1), match='1'>
import re
re.match(r".*?hello", "xhelloxxxxxx")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 6), match='xhello'>
re.findall(r'[A-Za-z]+\s\w+\s\d+\s\w+', text)
['Clary has 2 friends', 'Susan has 3 brothers', 'John has 4 sisters']
re.findall(r'([A-Za-z]+)\s\w+\s\d+\s\w+', text)
['Clary', 'Susan', 'John']
re.findall(r'([A-Za-z]+)\s\w+\s(\d+)\s(\w+)', text)
[('Clary', '2', 'friends'),
('Susan', '3', 'brothers'),
('John', '4', 'sisters')]
r"apple+" +
pets = re.findall(r'([A-Za-z]+)\s\w+\s(\d+)\s(\w+)', "Clary has 2 dogs but John has 3 cats")
pets[0][0]
'Clary'
re.search(r"(\d[A-Za-z])+", "My user name is 3e4r5fg")
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(16, 22), match='3e4r5f'>
(\d+) (\d)+
my_string = "My lucky numbers are 8755 and 33"
re.findall(r"(\d)+", my_string)
['5', '3']
re.findall(r"(\d+)", my_string)
['8755', '33']
my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want a cat, a dog or a bird."
re.findall(r"cat|dog|bird", my_string)
['cat', 'dog', 'bird']
|
my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want 2 cats, 1 dog or a bird."
re.findall(r"\d+\scat|dog|bird", my_string)
my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want 2 cats, 1 dog or a bird."
['2 cat', 'dog', 'bird']
re.findall(r"\d+\s(cat|dog|bird)", my_string)
['cat', 'dog']
?: (?:regex)
my_string = "I want to have a pet. But I don't know if I want 2 cats, 1 dog or a bird."
re.findall(r"(\d)+\s(cat|dog|bird)", my_string)
[('2', 'cat'), ('1', 'dog')]
my_date = "Today is 23rd May 2019. Tomorrow is 24th May 19."
re.findall(r"(\d+)(?:th|rd)", my_date)
['23', '24']
my_string = "John Smith: 34-34-34-042-980, Rebeca Smith: 10-10-10-434-425"
re.findall(r"(?:\d{2}-){3}(\d{3}-\d{3})", my_string)
['042-980', '434-425']
text = "Python 3.0 was released on 12-03-2008."
information = re.search('(\d{1,2})-(\d{2})-(\d{4})', text)
information.group(3)
'2008'
information.group(0)
'12-03-2008'
text = "Austin, 78701"
cities = re.search(r"(?P<city>[A-Za-z]+).*?(?P<zipcode>\d{5})", text)
cities.group("city")
'Austin'
cities.group("zipcode")
'78701'
sentence = "I wish you a happy happy birthday!" sentence = "I wish you a happy happy birthday!"
re.findall(r"(\w+)\s ", sentence) re.findall(r"(\w+)\s\1", sentence)
['happy']
sentence = "I wish you a happy happy birthday!"
re.sub(r"(\w+)\s\1", r"\1", sentence)
'I wish you a happy birthday!'
sentence = "Your new code number is 23434. Please, enter 23434 to open the door."
re.findall(r"(?P<code>\d{5}).*?(?P=code)", sentence)
['23434']
sentence = "This app is not working! It's repeating the last word word."
re.sub(r"(?P<word>\w+)\s(?P=word)", r"\g<word>", sentence)
'This app is not working! It's repeating the last word.'
my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error" my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error"
re.findall(r"\w+\.txt ", my_text) re.findall(r"\w+\.txt(?=\stransferred)", my_text)
['tweets.txt', 'mypass.txt']
my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error" my_text = "tweets.txt transferred, mypass.txt transferred, keywords.txt error"
re.findall(r"\w+\.txt ", my_text) re.findall(r"\w+\.txt(?!\stransferred)", my_text)
['keywords.txt']
my_text = "Member: Angus Young, Member: Chris Slade, Past: Malcolm Young, Past: Cliff Williams."
re.findall(r" \w+\s\w+", my_text)
my_text = "Member: Angus Young, Member: Chris Slade, Past: Malcolm Young, Past: Cliff Williams." my_text = "My white cat sat at the table. However, my brown dog was lying on the couch."
re.findall(r"(?<=Member:\s)\w+\s\w+", my_text) re.findall(r"(?<!brown\s)(cat|dog)", my_text)
['Angus Young', 'Chris Slade'] ['cat']
