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W4 Sol

The document contains an assignment for the EE5500 Introduction to Photonics course, covering various topics related to photon energy, momentum, and emission processes. It includes multiple-choice questions with solutions explaining concepts such as the energy of photons, spontaneous emission, and photon-electron conversion efficiency. The assignment also features calculations related to photon flux and energy levels in photonics.

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12 views4 pages

W4 Sol

The document contains an assignment for the EE5500 Introduction to Photonics course, covering various topics related to photon energy, momentum, and emission processes. It includes multiple-choice questions with solutions explaining concepts such as the energy of photons, spontaneous emission, and photon-electron conversion efficiency. The assignment also features calculations related to photon flux and energy levels in photonics.

Uploaded by

palakarti9199
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE5500 Introduction to Photonics/NPTEL Jul - Nov 2022

Assignment 4
Week 4

1. Energy of photons emitted from an infrared light source depends on [1]


A. Frequency of photons
B. Intensity of photons
C. Both frequency and intensity of photons
D. Phase of photons

Solution: The energy of Photon is given by: E= hν


Where h is Planck’s constant= 6.626070 × 10−34 J sec
and ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave associated with the photon
Since h is constant, E ∝ ν
All photon with particular frequency (or wavelength) has the same energy, independent
of the intensity of photons.

2. ‘n’ number of photons having wavelength ‘λ’ are absorbed by a body of mass ‘m’. The [1]
momentum gained by the body is . (Assume the body is initially at rest)
A. mnh/λ
B. h/nλ
C. mh/λ
D. nh/λ

Solution: Since initial momentum of the body is zero, momentum gained from photons
will be the final momentum gained by the body.
Momentum of one photon is h/λ
So, momentum of n photons will be nh/λ
The momentum gained by the body is nh/λ

3. Assertion: The rest mass of photon is zero. [1]


Reason: Photon exerts no pressure.
A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is correct explanation of Asser-
tion
B. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not correct explanation of
Assertion
C. Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong
D. Both Assertion and Reason are wrong

Solution: The rest mass of photon is zero. Since light always travels with some speed
and is never at rest.
But the effective mass of photon is given as, m = h/cλ.
Therefore, photon exerts pressure on the surface on which it falls.
EE5500 Introduction to Photonics Jul - Nov 2022

4. Match the following: [1]

A. (i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(d)


B. (i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(a)
C. (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)
D. (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)

5. The probability of spontaneous emission increases rapidly with the energy difference between [1]
the two states.
A. True
B. False

Solution: From Einstein’s relation we know that the ratio of Einstein’coefficients,

A 8πhν 3
B
= C3

Where, A is the rate constant for spontaneous emission


and B is the rate constant for stimulated emission
Thus, the ratio of Einstein’s coefficients is proportional to the cube of the frequency.
Hence, the probability of spontaneous emission increases rapidly with the energy difference
between the two states.

6. Consider the following energy level diagram. The wavelength of the radiation emitted is . [1]
A. 50.92 nm
B. 45.42 nm
C. 50.92 µm
D. 45.42 µm

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EE5500 Introduction to Photonics Jul - Nov 2022

Solution: The difference between two energy levels, ∆E (eV) = 1240 / λ (nm)
From the given diagram, ∆E (eV) = E4−E2 = 27.3 eV
Hence the wavelength of the light emitted will be, λ = 1240/27.3 = 45.42 nm

7. If light of wavelength 580 nm falls on chlorophyll whose absorption spectrum is shown in below [1]
figure, which of the following phenomena would likely to happen?

A. Light will get absorbed


B. Light will get reflected
C. Light will get transmitted
D. Light will get emitted

Solution: If the energy of the light falling on any material does not match the difference
between it’s energy levels, light will get transmitted.

8. A 100 W sodium lamp emits light at wavelength of 600 nm. Assuming it to be 25% efficient in [1]
converting electrical energy to light, the number of photons the light emits per second (photon
flux) is 7.6 × 1019 (photons/sec).

Page 3
EE5500 Introduction to Photonics Jul - Nov 2022

Solution: Given, power P= 100 W, wavelength, λ = 600nm


The amount of electrical energy converted into light is 25%
The energy of one photon is given by, E= hc
λ

−34
×3×10 8
E= 6.6×10
600×10−9
= 3.3 × 10−19 J

25
The energy radiated in the form of light is 100 × 100
= 25 W
The number of photons emitted per second is

T otal P ower 25
Energy of each photon
= 3.3×10−19
= 7.6 × 1019 photons/sec

9. Which law is used for achieving the relation between the Einstein’s coefficients? [1]
A. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
B. Planck’s radiation law
C. Einstein’s equation
D. Quantum law

8πhν 3 1
Solution: Planck’s radiation law, which gives the energy density ρ(ν, T ) = C3 hν ,
e kT −1
is used as the formula resembles the one for the energy density of the external radiation
field in stimulated emission, ρ(ν, T ) = ′ A/Bhν .
(B /B)e kT −1

10. Consider a 20 mW IR source of wavelength 1550 nm falls on the detector. The rate at which [1]
the electrons are generated is 7.8 × 1015 (electrons/sec).? (Consider photon to electron
conversion efficiency = 5%, h = 6.6 × 10−34 J s)

Solution: Given Power of the source, P = 20 mW, wavelength, λ = 1550nm,


efficiency, η = 5%, Planck’s constant, h = 6.6 × 10−34 J s
−34 ×3×108
We know that the energy of one photon is given as: E = hC λ
= 6.6×10
1550×10−9

E = 1.28 × 10−19 J

P 20×10 −3
17
The number of photons falling on the detector per second, Φ = E = 1.28×10 −19 = 1.56×10

Considering the photoelectric efficiency of 5%,


5
The rate of generation of electrons = ηΦ = 100 × 1.56 × 1017 = 7.8 × 1015 electrons / sec

Page 4

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