UNIT 1

DIsceETE FouRIER IRANS FoRM9

Frequeny Domain
Dor Sampin :he Diserete tourier Taslar
Bfore etting into DET; Let s cowsider the
ot
the Fourier tramfonm of perioie discre
Kamplg og
Hererel atohip between the soup
-te-time seuence
the DET s estabished.
Fourier trawsform and te
Led
Freueng- Domeçn Sawplnan Keconstruetion of Dsrde
Time signal
Cosier aperiodic,ite enet diAcYete.time
(n) usith fourier trastoTm.

Sample xCuo) perio dh eay in trep

treqeng at
radias betoeen suceesive sauples, Gnce
ic si th perioA
LA, Ony samples of the ndamontal
repueny Tan?e necesSaY or conveni cnce take
N eguiistant samples in te
interval o& ws n with
spaing

+irat condey Hhe eletion Df N, the nmbes of

bawples in the frequenp Aovnain.
 X Cn) e K= O,|, --- N-I

-
The Sum matton y can be bulblut ded into
inste nunber of kamnations, here cah
Aum contais N terms,

n-N xn)e

*xn)kn|N

LN+N-)

Cn)e
Change the inde in the inner
summationtom n to
n~lN and interchan e the order of the summatibn,
we otain,

N-L

n0
<(n-La) knln
-for kzo,l, 2,, ---N-) N

The signa
X(n) -
(n-tN)
obtaincd b he peripdic Yefetion of (n) eveTY N
samples, ia learhy periodio o th fundamental Aeriod
N.
PD
 can be expanded a touriey beis as

N-!
n 0, , )--- N-1
k=o

wh ourier coffici enta

k o, I, ---- N-|

Comparig( a )
K 0, I, ---- N-l

4(n)
k:o
n o, I, --- N-1

Tbe rlationslip in Provdes the reconsuction f Hhe Peio

dic signal x Cn) from the samples of the speetrum xlo)
toco ave it doenot py that De Can recover X(w)
ton the samples. To accop ish s, we need to con
the elatioship betoeen xp (n) and Cn).
Cancepln) s he perio dic extension of x (n)
(n) can be recovered tron Xp(n) it there is np
tn the timedomai.
APeridic
alasin?

N<L Ahasir)
Deinition of DET
he DET
powerfud Computa:onad tool
which alloos s to evaluate the touri er tansfom
ital conpteY speially desitned dita
hardaR.
bET of a tte lengh
seqnience x(n) is given
x (K) ) e
o<k<N-I
at

wbere nSeAuence numes

The Can aho be. otten au:

A-) kn

where
comnplex yuantt. Also
Called TuoidLe factor.

(n)(K)2nk/N
e

N! -Kn
3

The cowplex haris functios or osn s1

cirle of unit radis

L-plane. tim (a)

e -

GosA - Sin o, ToT -J o.toT

= Cos

-
) find the DET Of the &equence x(n),,o, o.

DET: X (K) (n) e

X (K)=
xln)e

for kzo
LiLnn.o |4
x (o)=x(n)/e

x (1): l-2n-l4
n

-j17.01i4
t X () e
-i2n:2-)l4

=<[o):c + a)()+x)(-1) +x(*) (1)

: l-| + 1i+ 0-(-) +o (ti)
t

(7)x - (o)x + 2() (-) (7)7+ () + ()2 (I-)

(91+I: t(-)o (-)0+

x(r) x0) + x(1) () (T)xX+(1-)

+ (E) (t-)

f+1

r+t'o'-'T}
-(3)x

() (o) "a

-(7)
-+ ()
x
 N-)

|3

X
Cn) o,), 1, i

i27nkN
IDET: Cos2rn)+iSin7n

(n) (K) e
K:o

for n=0

x(K) e
ko

For n:l;

1+(I-i) (ti) +o +(+ i) (i)

 eev of
.N.Aravind,
HASSAN-573
201 Professor
Head
M.iTPh.ech,D&
Electronics
Institute
of &
Cormmunication
Technology
Engg,
(2)e +x x()e + (o)e x
2m-8-klh. (K)e x
} forn
-2+(-][-]
+*o
+()e
e(K) x
klu. 25.2 4 3 nfor
6

The FT as Linea Tramormatioy

The DET and îDET

nk
N
Ks0, I, *. N-| -O
n=0, , N-)

ÎDET Can be viecoed s lineas tramtormations

DET an
on Keuences x(K), Tespectively
N-polnt Bigna seqyuence x(n is defi ne as ,.
Let he
Let the N- Point trerueniy saple X(K) ta dened as X,,:
W,. In matrix oTmat it
and the toidle tartor N

be Yepreented u:
can

X (0)
X () x (1)
X

x(N-)

w w

W
 With these efinitio ws, the N-potnt eT may he represented
in natrix orm s

where, w La the matrix o- the linear trasto rmation. Tt

Can he. observed that w s a Aymmetric matrix, I{ it s
assemed that the invers e of w eists, then E Can
be lver ted by pre multiplyin ? both sides by w

E4(s) s st an expression tor îeT.

IDFT, om Ey Can be reprsente d in matrx

torm
X, N

where, w denotes the complex conjugate o# the matriz w,;

it can be Conclue that,
Comparin? Ey(s) and
w

which nturn mpies that,

NXN iolentity matrix, Therefo re, the mat

the trastormation ia an orthoqond (uitay)
exiats a
matrix. furthernore, ta tnVerse
7iven as
 Properties of DET
ci) perio dicity
i) Linearity Ph.D Engg.
Ciw) Circul ar tine sift M.Tech, Communication
Technology
(iv) Time eVersal
B.N.Aravind,
Professor
&
Head HASSAN-573201
(v) circ uar freqpueny sitt of
&Institute
(vi) Circular convolution Electronics

(vii) Modation
of Rajeev
Department
(vni) Sg mmety Properties Dr.
Circulay Corrlation
(x) Parbev al s ttco rem
(x1) duity.

w
Periodicity
Let Cn) and x(K) be the DeT pair;
Then then
(k +N) x (k) or all k
Proot:
x (K)=_2m)e

X(n)
 Nn

X(n)

x
(ktN) x (k)

N xK) , n= o, , ---- N-I

(nt N) =
X(K) -K(nt)

-kn
k:

N
vlincarity:

DETax, (n) + b xy n)f

K:0,t, --- N-|

Preof
Let x(n) ax, (n) t b x, (n), then

-ax CK) + b x (K)

1e., bFTS aX, Cn)+ b X, (n)f ax, (k) +h xsCk)

)Ein the h-foit DT of

of the sepuence

coan) inearit Property

Let o6 Mar k

For n: o, l, 1, i

o. Tot, o, -o.oT

I, oto7
Fin ding x,(k)
yk
x, (k) = Sx,6) n70, l, 1,3;

n0,1, 2,3

Now apps inearity Property.

calelote for x (k) - DET0 , (n) t

X (n)?

Let

..x(k)
42
State and prove Cirelar Convolution roferty
Convolution:
Multiplication of two DET, and Circular

Multiplication of the DFTA of too sepuences s eyuiva

-Lent to the cicular Gonvolution of the teoo heauences
in the time domain,

Proot: Let Cosider teoo timite duration Segyue ces

x, Cn) and ln) of Lenqth N. heir respective N-poimt

N -jannk|N
x, (K) = x, (n)e
-jLxLKlN

Multipy tuoo DET, together, the resultant iA a DET, KCk).

x, (K) = X,(k)· >x, (k) O<k< N-I
Takin? IDET f X Ck);

<,(m)X,(K) - x,(K). e
k:o

Substitution9 an we qet;

Ko

Reorrenging , e
qt;

z,Cm)=~x,cn),(4)tmk (m /N
tizzk (m-n-a)
ko
The inner un in the bracket in (G) has the foT m

K
a
k:o
at|

wbere'a' is defined as;

jx(m-n-)]N
the tirat condition of satisiey if Lm-n in the
erponential term and it mut be mutti ple of N,
For secon condition; exponential raisel to the poweer N
is aluooys equal to 1 laz e'
Con di tion be co me Lero
-).
E () reoluces to.

k
L-fm-),
K:
otherise
Substi tutim get,
N-l

Both are havin 7same ran?e in (), hence it can be

rplaced by simqle summation;

Om6N-|

Dr.
B.N.Aravind,
Professor &Head M.Tech, Ph.D
Doyarlmont of Clectronics &Communicaton Engg.,
Rajeov Institute of Technoloy
HASSAN-573201
 Inner Product (Pars eval )
N-1

n) g n) =
N xx (K) Y(K)
ko

Proot
8y the Dintioy of Z DET,
-nk

Ko

Taking conjugate hot sidy;

N)
k

bpth
Mutiey
(n) g(n)
(K) )
ME x (K)
k:o

(K) Y(K)
MË
Corolas: 7(n) XL), we tet;
 N-!

N (K) (*)
z N
L x(K

it ¿s Proved thati
A

nD
kD
|x(K)|