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Comprehensive Java Notes 241226 230439

The document provides comprehensive notes on Java programming, covering key concepts such as Object-Oriented Programming features, Java's machine independence, and exception handling. It includes comparisons between constructors and methods, as well as between String and StringBuffer, and discusses the applet life cycle and JDBC steps. Additionally, it addresses synchronization, inheritance, interfaces, and the differences between GET and POST in servlet programming.

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7 views6 pages

Comprehensive Java Notes 241226 230439

The document provides comprehensive notes on Java programming, covering key concepts such as Object-Oriented Programming features, Java's machine independence, and exception handling. It includes comparisons between constructors and methods, as well as between String and StringBuffer, and discusses the applet life cycle and JDBC steps. Additionally, it addresses synchronization, inheritance, interfaces, and the differences between GET and POST in servlet programming.

Uploaded by

modak.sushavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehensive Java Exam Notes

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Features

- Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods into a class. Achieved using private access modifiers

and getter/setter methods.

- Inheritance: Child classes inherit properties and methods from parent classes. Promotes code

reusability.

- Polymorphism:

- Compile-time Polymorphism: Achieved using method overloading.

- Runtime Polymorphism: Achieved using method overriding.

- Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and exposing only essential functionalities via abstract

classes or interfaces.

2. Why is Java Machine-Independent?

- Java programs compile to bytecode, which is platform-independent.

- The JVM executes bytecode on any operating system.

3. Constructor vs. Method

| Constructor | Method |

|-------------------|----------------------|

| Same name as class| Can have any name |

| No return type | Return type required |

| Invoked during object creation | Explicitly invoked |

4. Abstract Class

- Cannot be instantiated.
- Contains abstract (no body) and concrete (implemented) methods.

- Example:

abstract class Shape {

abstract void draw();

class Circle extends Shape {

void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a circle");

5. Cookies and Session Variables

- Cookies: Stored on the client, persist across sessions, used for user preferences.

- Session Variables: Stored on the server, exist for a single session, used for sensitive data.

6. Applet Life Cycle

1. init(): Initializes the applet.

2. start(): Starts execution.

3. paint(): Used for rendering.

4. stop(): Halts the applet.

5. destroy(): Cleans up resources.

7. Relationship Between Data Abstraction and Encapsulation

- Encapsulation: Implements abstraction by hiding internal states and requiring access through

methods.

- Abstraction: Focuses on exposing only relevant features.


8. Exception Handling in Java

- try-catch-finally is used for handling exceptions.

- Checked Exceptions: Checked at compile-time. Example: IOException.

- Unchecked Exceptions: Occur at runtime. Example: ArithmeticException.

9. String vs StringBuffer

- String: Immutable, slower for modifications.

- StringBuffer: Mutable, faster for modifications.

- Example:

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");

sb.append(" World");

10. Dynamic Binding

- Resolving method calls at runtime, enabling polymorphism.

- Example:

Animal a = new Dog();

a.sound(); // Resolves to Dog's sound method

11. Java RMI Architecture

- Stub and Skeleton: Interfaces for remote communication.

- Steps:

1. Define remote interface.

2. Implement the interface.

3. Generate stub and skeleton.

12. GET vs POST in Servlet Programming

| GET | POST |
|-------------------|---------------------|

| Sends data in the URL | Sends data in the request body |

| Limited data size | Large data size allowed |

| Less secure | More secure |

13. Inheritance and Interface

- Inheritance: One class inherits from another.

- Interface: A class can implement multiple interfaces, achieving multiple inheritance.

- Example:

interface A {

void show();

interface B {

void display();

class C implements A, B {

public void show() { System.out.println("Show"); }

public void display() { System.out.println("Display"); }

14. Synchronized Methods

- Ensures thread-safe access to methods.

- Example:

synchronized void increment() {

count++;

}
15. Short Notes

(a) Transient and Volatile Modifiers:

- Transient: Prevents serialization of a field.

- Volatile: Ensures a variable is read directly from memory.

(b) Garbage Collection:

- Automatically deallocates memory.

- Advantage: Prevents memory leaks.

- Disadvantage: Performance overhead.

(c) Java Beans:

- Reusable software components.

- Must be serializable and have a no-arg constructor.

16. JDBC Steps

1. Load the driver class.

2. Establish a connection using DriverManager.

3. Execute queries via Statement or PreparedStatement.

4. Process results.

5. Close the connection.

17. Matrix Addition Code

class Matrix {

int[][] add(int[][] a, int[][] b) {

int[][] result = new int[3][3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)


result[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];

return result;

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