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EE570

The document discusses various protective measures for generators, emphasizing the importance of isolating faulty equipment to maintain continuous power supply. Key protection methods include differential protection, restricted earth fault, stator and rotor protection, loss of excitation, over voltage, overload, loss of prime mover, and negative phase sequence protection. The conclusion highlights that protective relays are essential for detecting faults and ensuring safety and equipment protection.

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blessingschama1705
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13 views18 pages

EE570

The document discusses various protective measures for generators, emphasizing the importance of isolating faulty equipment to maintain continuous power supply. Key protection methods include differential protection, restricted earth fault, stator and rotor protection, loss of excitation, over voltage, overload, loss of prime mover, and negative phase sequence protection. The conclusion highlights that protective relays are essential for detecting faults and ensuring safety and equipment protection.

Uploaded by

blessingschama1705
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: Generator protection

EE570

NO. NAMES SIN PROGRAM

1 STEVEN 19133564 ELECTROMECHANICAL


MUSAMPA ENGINEERING

2 HANDSON 19151219 ELECTROMECHANICAL


CHISANGA ENGINEEERING
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Generator protection
 Differential protection
 Restricted earth fault
 Stator protection
 Rotor protection
 Loss of excitation protection
 Over voltage protection
 Overload protection
 Loss of prime mover protection
 Negative phase sequence protection
 Conclusion
Introduction

 In a generating station the generator and transformer are the most expensive
equipments and hence it is desirable to employ a protective system to isolate the
faulty equipment as quickly as possible to keep the healthy section in normal
operation and to ensure continuous power supply.
Generator protection
 Differential protection

Differential protection of generator:


Generator protection

 CTs are provided at each end of the generator winding which is to


be protected.(as shown in fig.)
 When there is no fault the differential current (I1-I2) through the
relay is zero. So the relay will not operate.
 When the fault occurs the balance is disturbed and differential
current (I1-I2) flows through the relay causing the relay to send a
trip signal to the circuit breaker.
 Differential relays are used example (ABB REF615)
Generator protection

 Restricted earth fault protection


Generator protection

 Balanced earth fault protection is used for those alternators in


which neutral ends of the three phase are connected internally to a
single terminal.
 This scheme can be used only for ground faults but not for phase
faults.
Generator protection

 Stator protection
 Stator faults include the following;
1. Phase-to-earth faults
2. Phase-to-phase faults
3. Inter-turn faults
 From these phase faults and inter turn faults are less common ,these
usually develop into an earth faults.
 This causes-
 Arcing to core
 Damage of conductor and insulation
Generator protection

 Rotor protection
Generator protection

 The rotor earth fault protection is done by “dc injection method or


ac injection method”.
 The dc or ac voltage is injected between the field circuit and
ground through a sensitive overvoltage relay and current limiting
resistor or capacitor(in caseof ac).
 A single earth fault in rotor circuit will complete the path and the
fault is sensed by the relay.
Generator protection

 Loss of excitation protection


 When the excitation of generator is lost it operate as an Induction generator.
It derives excitation from the system and supply power at leading power
factor.
 Which may cause-
I. A fall in voltage ,loss of synchronism and system instability.
II. Over heating of rotor due to induction current on it.
 A protection having MHO characteristic is used to detect loss of field.
 Examples of relay used (ABB REF670)
Generator protection

 Over voltage protection


 Overvoltage protection is required in case of hydroelectric or gas
turbine generators but not in case of turbo generators.
 Over voltages may be caused due to-
 Transient over voltage in the transmission line due to lightening.
 Defective operation of the voltage regulator.
 Sudden loss of load due to line tripping.
 The protection is provided with an over voltage relay. It is usually of
induction pattern with an IDMT Characteristic example (Siemens
7UT613)
Generator protection

 Overload protection
 Overloading of the machine causes overheating in the stator winding.
 This can be prevented by using over-current relay with time delay
adjustment.
 But overheating not only depends on over-current but also the failure
of the cooling system in the generator.
 So temperature detector coils such as thermistors or thermocouples are
used at various points in stator winding for indication of the
temperature.
 Example of common type of relay used is the (SEL-710 motor)
manufactured by Schweitzer Engineering laboratories.
Generator protection

 Loss of prime mover protection


 When prime-mover fails machine starts motoring and draws
electrical power from the system and this is known as inverted
operation .
 The generator can be protected from inverted operation by using
single-element directional power relay(reverse power relay)
which senses the direction of power flow.
 An ABB relay (REG670) can be used
Generator protection

 Negative phase sequence protection


 Unbalance may cause due to single phase fault or unbalanced
loading and it gives rise to negative sequence current .
 This current in rotor causes rotor overheating and damage to the
rotor.
 This can be protected by negative sequence current filter with
over current relay.
Generator protection
Conclusion

 Protective relays are used to detect electrical faults and to alarm,


disconnects or shutdown the faulted apparatus to provide
personnel safety and equipment protection.
 A protective relay does not prevent the occurrence of faults rather
takes action only after a fault has occurred in the system.
END

Thank you

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