DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Arranged to fulfill the requirements of the English assignment

Supervising Lecturer : Heridayani, S.Pd., M. Hum

BY :

- Ayu Ramadhani Nasution

POLITEKNIK GANESHA MEDAN

INFORMATIC MANAGEMENT DEPARTEMENT 24 R1

T.A. 2024/2025
 FOREWORD

We offer our deepest gratitude to God Almighty, for it is by His grace and blessings that
the writing of this paper on Descriptive Text has been completed satisfactorily.In the process of
completing this paper on Descriptive Text, we encountered numerous challenges, primarily due
to the lack of supporting knowledge.

However, thanks to the guidance and assistance from various parties, this paper was
eventually completed. Descriptive text serves as a bridge to convey a clear and detailed picture
of an object, place, or event to the reader.

By using vivid and detailed descriptions, we can help the reader imagine and understand
what we are conveying more deeply. Writing descriptive text is an art of presenting detailed and
vivid information, allowing the reader to feel and visualize the object, place, or event you are
describing. In this material, we will explore various techniques and strategies to create rich and
engaging descriptions, from selecting the right words to using sensory details that enhance the
reader’s experience. With a solid understanding of how to write descriptive text, you will be able
to convey information in a more lively and impactful way.
 LIST OF CONTENTS

COVER .......................................................................................................................................

FOREWORD..............................................................................................................................i

LIST OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................ii

BAB I INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................

A. Background .....................................................................................................................

B. Problem formulation .......................................................................................................

C. Purpose.............................................................................................................................

BAB II MAIN CONTENT ........................................................................................................

A. Definition of Descriptive Text........................................................................................

B. Purpose of Descriptive Text...........................................................................................

C. Characteristics of Descriptive Text ................................................................................

D. Types of Descriptive Text ..............................................................................................

E. Structure of Descriptive Text..........................................................................................

F. Language feature of Descriptive Text............................................................................

G. Example of Descriptive Text..........................................................................................

H. Writing Tips for Descriptive Text .................................................................................

BAB III CLOSING ...............................................................................................................

A. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................

B. Suggestion ......................................................................................................................

REFRESNCES ......................................................................................................................
 BAB I

Introduction

Descriptive texts are essential components of both creative and academic writing. They
provide vivid details about people, places, objects, or events, allowing the reader to visualize the
subject clearly. The main objective of a descriptive text is to engage the reader's imagination by
offering a detailed description, using sensory information to paint a mental image. This type of
text is not only valuable in literature and art but also serves a crucial role in education,
journalism, and advertising. In this paper, we will examine the definition, structure, features, and
practical applications of descriptive texts, followed by a detailed example and a conclusion.

A. Baground

Descriptive Text is a type of text in English that aims to describe a person, place, object, or
animal in detail so that the reader can feel or imagine what is being described. Descriptive texts
are often used to give a clear and vivid picture of something, allowing the reader to see, hear,
smell, feel, or touch the object being described.

Purpose of Descriptive Text

The main purpose of descriptive text is to provide information about the physical
characteristics or attributes of an object. This description includes specific details such as color,
shape, size, texture, and other unique traits of the object.

Characteristics of Descriptive Text

1. Uses Simple Present Tense

Since the description in this text is usually factual or habitual, the sentences in this text
use the simple present tense.
2. Uses Adjectives
It frequently uses adjectives to provide details about the object being described, such as
"big," "beautiful," "colorful," "rough," etc.
3. Uses Relational Verbs
Descriptive text uses relational verbs like "is," "are," "has," "have," which function to
link the subject with descriptive information.
4. Focuses on a Specific Object
This text usually discusses only one object or entity in detail and does not compare the
object with anything else.
Structure of Descriptive Text

1. Identification
In this section, the writer introduces the object to be described, whether it is a person,
place, object, or animal. This section usually provides a general overview of the object.
2. Description
This section provides a more detailed description of the specific characteristics of the
object introduced in the identification section. The writer may describe the shape, color,
size, texture, traits, or other relevant details.

Example of Descriptive Text

Identification:
I have a pet cat. Its name is Fluffy, and it has been my companion for two years.

Description:
Fluffy has soft, thick fur that is mostly white, with patches of brown and black. Its eyes are big
and green, giving it a very cute and curious look. It is small in size but quite agile and loves to
jump around the house. Every morning, Fluffy greets me with a loud meow and follows me
around wherever I go.

With the background above, Descriptive Text is an effective tool to make an object more alive
and real in the reader's imagination, whether in an academic setting or everyday life.

B. Problem formulation

Problem Formulation in Descriptive Text Material is the initial step to identify challenges
or questions related to the understanding or use of Descriptive Text in learning. This problem
formulation is typically used in the context of educational research, teaching, or in the process of
analyzing learning.

Some examples of problem formulations that can be developed in Descriptive Text material
are as follows:

1. How do students understand the structure of Descriptive Text in English?

This research can examine the extent to which students understand the identification and
description structures in Descriptive Text, and how they organize their ideas when
writing such texts.
2. What are the main difficulties students face in writing Descriptive Text?
The focus of this issue is to identify the challenges students encounter, such as
vocabulary usage, grammar, or difficulties in developing descriptive details.
 3. How does the use of adjectives and relational verbs in Descriptive Text affect the
quality of students' writing?
The purpose of this formulation is to evaluate how the use of language elements like
adjectives and relational verbs can enhance the quality of students' descriptions.
4. Does the use of interactive learning media improve students' ability to write
Descriptive Text?
This formulation aims to investigate the effectiveness of using learning media such as
images, videos, or interactive applications to help students better understand and write
Descriptive Text.
5. To what extent does students' understanding of Descriptive Text help them in
speaking and listening skills?
This question examines the relationship between students' understanding of writing
descriptions and their ability to describe things orally or comprehend others' descriptions.
6. How does the difference in teaching approaches to Descriptive Text affect students'
learning outcomes?
This research can compare different teaching methods, such as text-based or task-based
approaches, in teaching Descriptive Text.

With problem formulation, we can focus more on identifying which areas need
improvement or further study in the teaching and understanding of Descriptive Text. It also helps
educators design more effective teaching strategies to assist students in mastering descriptive
writing skills.

C. Purpose

The purpose of Descriptive Text is to help students understand and develop skills in
describing people, places, objects, or animals in a detailed and structured manner. Some specific
objectives of learning Descriptive Text include:

Developing Observation and Descriptive Skills

This material aims to enable students to observe well and describe objects clearly
and in detail, using appropriate and varied vocabulary.

Enhancing the Use of Relevant Vocabulary

By studying Descriptive Text, students will expand their vocabulary, especially

those related to physical descriptions, traits, and characteristics of an object.

Teaching Clear Text Structure

The learning process aims to make students understand and use the basic structure
of Descriptive Text, which includes the identification and description sections, in a
logical and proper sequence.

Improving Writing and Communication Skills

 Descriptive Text helps students improve their writing skills by expressing their
ideas in a structured way, which can also aid them in verbal communication, particularly
when describing something orally.

Enhancing Grammar Understanding

This material trains students to use correct grammar, especially the simple present
tense, adjectives, and relational verbs such as “is” and “has,” which are commonly used
in descriptions.

Fostering Critical and Creative Thinking

Learning Descriptive Text also aims to train students to think critically and
creatively when describing objects in an interesting and unique way, enabling readers to
imagine or feel what is being described.
 BAB II

A. Definition of Descriptive Text

A descriptive text is a form of writing that provides a detailed description of a particular

subject, allowing readers to create a vivid mental picture. This writing style appeals to the five
senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. Descriptive texts aim to convey an experience to the
reader, whether it's the beauty of a landscape, the details of a person's appearance, or the feeling
evoked by an event.

The primary purpose of descriptive text is to help readers imagine the object, person, or
scene described, offering them a sensory experience through words. It is widely used in narrative
and expository contexts, from novels and poetry to non-fiction articles and essays.

B. Purpose of Descriptive Text

The purpose of Descriptive Text is to help students understand and develop skills in
describing people, places, objects, or animals in a detailed and structured manner. Some specific
objectives of learning Descriptive Text include:

Developing Observation and Descriptive Skills

This material aims to enable students to observe well and describe objects clearly and in
detail, using appropriate and varied vocabulary.

Enhancing the Use of Relevant Vocabulary

By studying Descriptive Text, students will expand their vocabulary, especially those
related to physical descriptions, traits, and characteristics of an object.

Teaching Clear Text Structure

The learning process aims to make students understand and use the basic structure of
Descriptive Text, which includes the identification and description sections, in a logical and
proper sequence.

Improving Writing and Communication Skills

Descriptive Text helps students improve their writing skills by expressing their ideas in a
structured way, which can also aid them in verbal communication, particularly when describing
something orally.

Enhancing Grammar Understanding

 This material trains students to use correct grammar, especially the simple present tense,
adjectives, and relational verbs such as “is” and “has,” which are commonly used in descriptions.

Fostering Critical and Creative Thinking

Learning Descriptive Text also aims to train students to think critically and creatively when
describing objects in an interesting and unique way, enabling readers to imagine or feel what is
being described.

C. Characteristics of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is designed to provide a vivid picture of a person, place, object, or event.
Here are the key characteristics of descriptive text :

1. Sensory Details : Descriptive text uses sensory information—sight, sound, touch, taste,
and smell—to create a vivid picture for the reader.
2. Figurative Language : It often uses similes, metaphors, and personification to add depth
and imagery.
3. Specific Details : The descriptions are often specific and detailed to help the reader
visualize what is being described clearly.
4. Focus on a Dominant Impression : It aims to convey a dominant mood or overall
impression (e.g., peaceful, chaotic, eerie) to guide the reader's feelings.
5. Organization: The text is usually organized in a logical manner, often spatially (left to
right, top to bottom), to create a clear image.
6. Adjectives and Adverbs: Descriptive texts use rich adjectives and adverbs to give more
information about nouns and verbs.
7. Subjective or Objective Perspective: Descriptions can be either objective (factual) or
subjective (expressing the writer's feelings or opinions).

D. Types of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text can be categorized into several types based on the purpose and the subject
being described. Here are the main types :

1. Subjective Description: This type conveys the writer's personal feelings, emotions, and
perspective. The goal is to evoke specific emotions in the reader, often using figurative
language and personal insights. For example, describing a sunset in a poetic way to
express tranquility.
2. Objective Description: This type focuses on providing factual and precise information
about the subject without including personal opinions or emotions. It aims to present an
unbiased description, such as in technical or scientific writing.
3. Spatial Description: This type of descriptive text is organized by the arrangement of
space. It details the physical layout or structure of a place or object by moving through
the scene logically, such as left to right or top to bottom.
 4. Chronological Description: This type describes an event or process in the order it
occurs, providing details step by step. It is useful for depicting changes over time, like
describing the stages of a natural phenomenon or a process.
5. Character Description: This type focuses on describing a person, including their
physical attributes, personality traits, behaviors, and actions. It helps readers visualize
and understand the character's nature, often used in storytelling and biographies.
6. Event Description: This type of descriptive text focuses on capturing the details of an
event, whether a real-life occurrence or a fictional scene. It can include the setting,
atmosphere, actions, and emotions to convey the overall experience to the reader.
7. Place Description: This type provides detailed imagery of a particular location, including
physical attributes, ambiance, and significance. It aims to make the reader feel as though
they are present in the location being described.

Each of these types of descriptive texts uses vivid language to create an impression, but they
differ in the focus, style, and organization of the information.

E. Structure of Descriptive Text

The structure of descriptive texts is straightforward and typically consists of two major parts:

1. Introduction (Identification) : In this part, the writer introduces the subject or object
to be described. It serves as the general statement that provides an initial
understanding of what is being described. This section gives a brief overview, setting
the scene for the detailed description that follows.

Example: " The Grand Canyon, located in Arizona, is one of the most awe-inspiring
natural wonders of the world."

2. Body (Description) : This is the core section of the text, where the writer delves into
specific details about the subject. The description can include physical characteristics,
sensations, or emotional impacts. Writers often use adjectives, sensory details, and
figurative language to make their descriptions as vivid as possible.

Example: " The canyon stretches over 446 kilometers in length, with layers of red,
brown, and gold rock formations towering up to 1,857 meters above the Colorado River.
As the sun rises, the canyon glows with a fiery brilliance, casting long shadows across its
jagged walls."

F. Language Feature of Descriptive Text

Descriptive texts employ specific linguistic features to enhance clarity and vividness:

1. Adjectives and Adverbs:

Adjectives are used to describe nouns in detail, while adverbs modify verbs, providing
additional layers to actions or states.
  Example: "The calm, shimmering lake reflected the tall, green trees."

2. Use of Senses:
Descriptive texts often involve sensory details, tapping into sight, sound, taste, touch, and
smell.

 Example: "The sweet scent of jasmine lingered in the air as the soft breeze brushed
against my skin."

3. Figurative Language:
Similes, metaphors, and personification are frequently employed to create stronger
imagery.

 Example: "The stars twinkled like diamonds scattered across a velvet sky."

4. Specific Nouns and Verbs:

The use of specific nouns and action verbs ensures clarity and accuracy in descriptions.

 Example: "The ancient oak tree stood firm, its branches spreading wide, casting a
cool shade."

5. Present Tense:
Descriptive texts are often written in the present tense, especially when describing a
current scene or an object.

 Example: " The ocean roars as waves crash against the shore, the water glistening
under the golden sunlight."

G. Example of Descriptive Text

The Beauty of a Quiet Forest

As I step into the forest, the world around me changes completely. Tall trees, their trunks
as thick as ancient pillars, tower over me, their green leaves swaying gently in the wind. The
ground beneath my feet is soft with fallen leaves, and the air is cool and fresh. I can hear the
sound of birds chirping high above, mingling with the rustling of leaves and the distant hum of
insects.

Sunlight filters through the canopy, creating dappled shadows that dance on the forest
floor. The scent of pine and damp earth fills my lungs, calming my mind. In this tranquil place,
time seems to slow down, and I feel at peace, connected to nature in a way that is both profound
and simple

Translate :
 Keindahan Hutan yang Tenang

Saat saya melangkah ke dalam hutan, dunia di sekitar saya berubah sepenuhnya. Pohon-
pohon yang tinggi, dengan batang setebal pilar kuno, menjulang di atas saya, daun-daunnya yang
hijau bergoyang lembut tertiup angin. Tanah di bawah kaki saya lembut dengan tumpukan daun
yang gugur, dan udara terasa sejuk serta segar. Saya dapat mendengar suara burung yang
berkicau tinggi di atas, bercampur dengan gemerisik dedaunan dan dengungan serangga di
kejauhan.

Cahaya matahari menembus kanopi, menciptakan bayangan bercorak yang menari di

lantai hutan. Aroma pinus dan tanah lembap memenuhi paru-paru saya, menenangkan pikiran
saya. Di tempat yang tenang ini, waktu seakan melambat, dan saya merasa damai, terhubung
dengan alam dengan cara yang sederhana namun mendalam.

H. Writing Tips for Descriptive Text

Here are some useful tips for writing a descriptive text:

1. Use Sensory Details : Incorporate all five senses—sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch—
to create a vivid and immersive experience for the reader.
2. Be Specific and Detailed : Use specific details rather than general descriptions. Instead
of writing "the flower was pretty," describe it as "the flower had delicate, pink petals with
a sweet fragrance."
3. Show, Don’t Tell : Rather than telling the reader how something is, show it through
vivid description. For instance, instead of saying "she was nervous," you can describe her
actions: "Her hands trembled, and she bit her lip, glancing around the room."
4. Use Figurative Language : Similes, metaphors, and personification can help create more
engaging and imaginative descriptions. For example, "The sun peeked over the horizon
like a shy child" adds depth to the description.
5. Create a Dominant Impression : Decide on the mood or feeling you want to convey and
use language that supports it. For example, if you want the reader to feel peaceful, use
soft and gentle words; if you want them to feel scared, use dark and ominous
descriptions.
6. Organize Your Description Logically : Arrange your details in a logical order, often
spatially. You can describe a scene from left to right, from top to bottom, or from far to
near.
7. Use Strong Adjectives and Verbs : Instead of weak adjectives like "nice" or "good," use
stronger ones that convey more detail. Similarly, choose action verbs that evoke vivid
imagery.
8. Avoid Overuse of Adjectives : While adjectives are important in descriptive writing, too
many can make the text cumbersome. Instead, balance them with action and sensory
verbs to keep the writing dynamic.
9. Use Varied Sentence Structure : Mixing short and long sentences can add rhythm and
help emphasize key parts of the description. Short sentences can convey urgency or
create a dramatic effect, while longer ones can add detail and complexity.
10. Edit and Revise : After writing, read your text aloud and see if the descriptions help you
visualize the subject. Revise for clarity, coherence, and to enhance the overall mood you
wish to create.
 BAB III

A. Conclusion

Descriptive texts serve an essential function in both creative and academic writing by
helping readers visualize the subject vividly. Through the use of sensory details, adjectives, and
figurative language, descriptive texts bring people, places, and events to life. This writing style
enhances observation, creative expression, and analytical skills, making it an invaluable tool for
learners. In everyday life, descriptive writing enriches communication by allowing individuals to
convey experiences and ideas in a way that resonates deeply with the audience.

B. Suggestion

Here are some suggestion topics for writing a descriptive text:

1. A Beautiful Sunset: Describe the colors, the atmosphere, and how it makes you feel as
the sun slowly disappears beyond the horizon.
2. Your Favorite Room: Describe the layout, furniture, colors, and details that make this
room special and comforting for you.
3. A Bustling Marketplace: Describe the sights, sounds, and smells of a busy marketplace,
from the vendors' shouts to the aroma of street food.
4. A Snowy Winter Morning: Describe how the snow blankets the surroundings, the crisp
air, and the way everything seems quieter and more peaceful.
5. A Person You Admire: Describe their physical appearance, personality, habits, and why
they inspire you.
6. A Quiet Beach: Describe the sound of the waves, the warm sand, the salty breeze, and
the tranquility of the setting.
7. An Enchanted Forest: Use your imagination to describe an enchanted forest, including
the magical creatures, colorful plants, and the sense of wonder it evokes.
8. A Pet You Love: Describe your pet's appearance, behavior, and the unique traits that
make them special to you.
9. A Festival or Celebration: Describe the decorations, people, music, food, and the joyous
atmosphere of a festival or celebration.
10. A Rainy Day in the City: Describe how the rain falls, how people and vehicles move,
the reflections on the streets, and the overall mood of a rainy city day.
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