SMALL PROJECT

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN GUIDE

SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY
CONSERVATION DISTRICT
88 Chenango St. Montrose PA 18801
Phone: 570 278-4600 Ext. 3054 or 3053
Fax: 570 278 2497
 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE, & CONSIDERATIONS.…………………………………….…..PAGE 2

INCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS, & RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………...PAGE 3

UP-SLOPE DRAINAGE & DETAIL SHEETS REFERENCE…………….…………………….PAGE 4

SMALL PROJECT E&S CONTROL PLAN APPLICATION………...………………………....PAGES 5-7

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) …………………………………………………...PAGES 8-24

APPENDICES A, B, C, & D…………………………………………………………………………PAGES 25-28

GLOSSARY………………………………………………………………………………………….PAGE 29

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 INTRODUCTION

Noticing low levels of sediment in the streams and rivers of Pennsylvania during times of high flows and velocities is a
natural event known as sedimentation. However, accelerated erosion and sediment pollution resulting from human
activities, smothers and destroys aquatic life. It also causes losses of valuable topsoil and impairs water quality. Sediment
pollution is the single largest pollutant, by volume, to the streams and waterways of the Commonwealth. Sediment
pollution can simply be defined as any man-made earth disturbance that leads to increases in sediment (clays, silts, sands,
and other “mud”) levels in streams, wetlands, and watercourses.

In an attempt to control accelerated erosion and sediment pollution, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection (PA DEP) adopted Chapter 102, Erosion and Sediment Control Rules and Regulations, in accordance with the
PA Clean Streams Law.

Under current Chapter 102 regulations, anyone involved with an earth disturbance activity (i.e. digging, grubbing, grading,
or in any way disturbing the topsoil) exceeding 5,000 square feet or more is required to develop, implement, and maintain
an Erosion and Sediment (E&S) Control Plan. This Plan must be submitted to the Susquehanna County Conservation
District if required by the municipality in which the earth disturbance activity is to be conducted or if requested by the
District. REMEMBER: Both Chapter 102 and the PA Clean Streams Law regulations specify that there may be an
equal responsibility between both the landowner and contractor if sediment-laden waters are discharged from the
construction site.

PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE

This document was designed to assist landowners in developing and implementing an E&S Control Plan for small-scale,
low-hazard projects. Use of this guide may be limited to:
• Projects where earth disturbance activities are greater than 5,000 square feet, but less than 43,560 square feet
(i.e. one acre).
• Projects where the existing slopes on the site are either A, B, or C, and do not exceed 15% (Note: the slope
criterion is based on the soil symbols located within the Soil Survey of Susquehanna County, PA).
• Projects with no associated impact to wetlands, streams, or major waterways (i.e. a Chapter 105 General Permit
– GP is not applicable for this type of Plan).

CONSIDERATIONS IN PLAN DEVELOPMENT

Practice Proper Site Grading-Hold Grading to a Minimum

The risk of severe erosion increases in a direct proportion to the amount of an individual site’s earth disturbance. Excessive
cutting and filling may alter the ground water system, open seeps, create sinkholes, and expose unstable soils. Improperly
compacted fills may also be extremely erosive. Cutting, filling, and road grades over 10% require more intensive
stabilization and often result in more long-term stabilization problems. All of the topsoil from areas where cuts and fills
have been made should be stockpiled and redistributed uniformly during the final grading stage of the project. This is the
key to properly re-vegetating the site.

Save Existing Vegetation, Especially Trees

A vegetative cover is the best and most economical protection against soil erosion. Vegetation and trees should be protected
during construction to prevent damage from equipment (i.e. secure an area around the tree root systems so that they are not
destroyed).

Minimize the Area and Time of Exposure

Any disturbed area should be stabilized as soon as the earth disturbance activity is completed or the earth moving activities
have temporarily ceased (i.e. usually this means the area should be seeded and mulched). Minimize the amount of disturbed
ground at any given time. Sequence the construction such that only the areas to be immediately worked on are disturbed.
Permanent site stabilization should not be postponed until the entire project is completed (ex. a stone base should be applied
immediately after the driveway has been excavated).

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Protect Any Watercourses or Wetlands
Install temporary Best Management Practices (BMPs), such as straw bales, silt fence, or silt socks in order to prevent
sediment pollution to Commonwealth waters. Remember the basic idea: “We All Live Downstream”.

Maintenance
Plan to inspect and repair all E&S Control BMPs after every significant rain event, and at the end of each week, at a
minimum. Remember that E&S Control BMPs are not totally maintenance free (i.e. rock construction entrances become
encrusted with extraneous soils, silt fences become overwhelmed with sediment, and re-vegetated areas sometimes wash out
prior to permanent vegetation becoming established).

WHAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN AN EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN?

1. Complete Plot Plan drawing (not to scale – refer to pg. 7).

2. Existing topography of the site (slope directions and estimated grades).
3. Location of any water bodies (streams, ditches, springs, etc.).
4. Brief description of the proposed project.
5. Types of E&S Control BMPs to be used and their locations on the site.

SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR A CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

1. Cut and install a stone-based driveway or access area for equipment such as a rock construction entrance.
2. Install all temporary E&S Control BMPs such as straw bales, silt fence, etc.
3. Strip topsoil from areas where work will begin, stockpile for final stabilization of site.
4. Construct buildings(s) and begin rough grading activities.
5. Finish grading and permanently stabilize entire site with seed, mulch, stone, etc.
6. Remove all temporary BMPs after site is completely stabilized (i.e. a minimum of at least 70% uniform
perennial vegetative cover with a density able to resist accelerated erosion).

SEEDING AND MULCHING RECOMMENDATIONS

Temporary Seeding Recommendations/Mixtures

If temporary seeding is necessary, follow the chart below. Then, when final stabilization is to be completed, apply the
remainder of the recommendations below for lime and fertilizer prior to final seeding and mulching. Annual Ryegrass is a
quick germinating species of grass that can be seeded at almost any time. If you plan to leave your project or part of your
project area inactive before final stabilization/permanent cover is achieved, a temporary seeding should be applied
immediately. General recommendations are as follows:
Lime 1 ton per acre 50 lbs. per 1000 square feet
Fertilizer 150 lbs. per acre 5 lbs. per 1000 square feet
Annual Ryegrass 40 lbs. per acre 1 lbs. per 1000 square feet

Permanent Seeding Mixtures

Establishing a permanent vegetative cover is the final step to effective erosion and sediment pollution control. It is
recommended that the Penn State Agronomy Guide be consulted (available from PSU Cooperative Extension or the
Susquehanna County Conservation District). All mixtures below are for 100% Pure Live Seed (PLS). Depending on your
percent of PLS, you may have to adjust recommendations accordingly. General recommendations are as follows:
Lawn and Mowed Areas
A. Kentucky Bluegrass 30 lbs. per acre 12 oz. per 1000 square feet
Redtop 3 lbs. per acre 2 oz. per 1000 square feet
Perennial Ryegrass 20 lbs. per acre 8 oz. per 1000 square feet
B. Pennlawn-Fine Fescue 40 lbs. per acre 16 oz. per 1000 square feet
Redtop 3 lbs. per acre 2 oz. per 1000 square feet
Perennial Ryegrass 20 lbs. per acre 8 oz. per 1000 square feet

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 Slopes and Un-Mowed Areas
Crown Vetch 25 lbs. per acre 10 oz. per 1000 square feet
Perennial Ryegrass 25 lbs. per acre 10 oz. per 1000 square feet
Note: Crown Vetch is a legume and requires an inoculant. Contact your seed supplier for more specific information. Although providing a thick
ground cover, crown vetch is also an extremely aggressive invasive species, offering little wildlife benefit. Use with caution.

Timing of Permanent Seeding

For best results, grass and legume seeding should be completed in the spring; however, with proper establishment
techniques, disturbed sites can be seeded almost anytime from spring to fall. General rules are as follows: legume seeding
needs 10-12 growing weeks prior to hard frost and grasses generally require 4-6 weeks of growth prior to hard frost.

Lime
Adding agricultural grade limestone to a site is often the key to establishing vegetation. Soil tests from a reputable source
such as the U.S. Farm Service Agency are recommended. But in the case where test results are not available, use the guide
below.

Fertilizer – Commercial Type 10-20-20

The need for fertilizer cannot be underestimated. Soil tests are again recommended, but the guide below can be used in their
absence.

Mulch (Straw, Hay, or Bark)

All areas that are subject to stabilization, whether it be with the temporary or permanent seeding specifications, should be
mulched. Mulch is a loose layer of straw, hay, or bark that is at least 1” in depth. Mulch reduces the potential for erosion of
soils and aids in seedling germination. Reference the specific recommendations by using the guide below.

Lime 4 tons per acre 190 lbs. per 1000 square feet
Fertilizer 930 lbs. per acre 25 lbs. per 1000 square feet
Mulch (Straw, Hay, or Bark) 3 tons per acre 140 lbs. per 1000 square feet

UP - SLOPE DRAINAGE

It is important to consider the aspect of stormwater and off-site runoff as it could affect your site. Areas up-slope of your
construction site may allow large amounts of water to run onto your site. This water should be diverted around or through
your site in such a way that this water does not pick up any additional sediment from your construction activities. The basic
concept is to keep the clean water clean, and treat the dirty (sediment-laden) water before it leaves your site. Downspouts,
swale outlets, parking lots, and other items that collect and concentrate water have the potential to cause soil erosion both on
your site and on adjoining properties. Take care to plan for stormwater related issues during construction.

E&S CONTROL PLAN DETAIL SHEETS (REFER TO PGS. 8 -24)

This section is primarily devoted to providing a detailed installation instruction for E&S Control BMPs, and general rules
of thumb as to when each BMP should be used. This guide is designed so landowners can plan for and install E&S
Control BMPs to minimize accelerated erosion, and meet both the regulations set forth in Chapter 102 and the PA Clean
Streams Law. The details that follow were excerpted from PA DEP’s Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program
Manual, March 2012. These are not the only BMPs that can be used, but are ones that have been previously reviewed,
approved, and recommended.

This guide is not intended to be a substitute for E&S Control Plans developed for complex, multiple acre, or high-hazard
sites. Professional engineering consulting firms should be considered for sites requiring permanent E&S Control BMPs or
sites where the potential for sediment pollution to Commonwealth waters are high. The Susquehanna County Conservation
District will gladly assist you in completing this Small Project E&S Control Plan guide and also aide you in determining if
a more “detailed” E&S Control Plan will be necessary.

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 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN INFORMATION SHEET

Property Owner: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________

Address: __________________________________ City: _________________ State & Zip:__________
Phone Number: ________________ Municipality: ____________________________
Contact Person (if other than owner):_____________________________________________________
Contact Person’s Address:______________________________________________________________
Contact Person’s Phone Number: ___________________________________________________________
Location of Project: __________________________________________________________________
Name of Nearest Receiving Stream, Wetland, or Waterbody: _________________________________
Estimated Dates for Start-Up and Completion: Start: ____________________ End: ________________
Project Acres (entire site):_________________________ Disturbed Area: ______________________
Present Site Conditions (i.e. type of land use):______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Narrative (give specific description of the proposed work):

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Sequence of Construction (specifically, what will be done first, second, third, etc.):
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

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 Best Management Practices (BMPs):
Check if applicable:
___ rock construction entrance ___ rock filters
___ straw bale barrier ___ waterbar
___ filter fabric (silt) fence ___ sediment filter log (straw waddle)
___ silt fence reinforced by staked strawbale ___ temporary swale w/rip-rap apron
___ compost filter berm ___ permanent diversion channel w/rip-rap apron
___ compost filter sock ___ temporary seeding/mulching
___ wood chip filter berm ___ permanent seeding/mulching

List other alternative BMPs: ____________________________________________________________________

Describe any temporary E&S Control BMPs you will be using on your site (such as silt fence, rock filters,
temporary seeding, etc.).
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Note: A copy of this Small Project Plan should be kept on site during the construction activity and
your contractor should have a copy of this Small Project Plan available at all times. The Susquehanna
County Conservation District will also keep a copy of your Small Project Plan on record in our office.

Post Construction Stormwater Management (PCSM) Plans: Do They Apply To A Small Project?
According to the most recent Chapter 102 regulation changes which were (proposals set forth by PA DEP on
August 21, 2010) enacted on November 19, 2010, the following conditions apply to a Small Project:
• The revision provides that for minor projects when there is little or no change in the runoff characteristics
from the site, the PCSM Plan can be brief, can be only a sentence or two, and still meet requirements of
Subsection 102.8a.

Essentially, the District’s interpretation of this change is that it will be left up to the individual municipality to
decide how they will apply this PCSM regulation (per the Small Project E&S Control Plan). The District
(in making this determination) is not attempting to skirt the issue of the PCSM Plan regulation, but rather,
requesting municipal guidance since it will be determined by the municipality how to provide for these changes in
their individual Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance codes which may also involve the inspection of the
PCSM Plan BMP installation.
Please refer to Appendices A and B (on pgs. 25 and 26) for suggested PCSM Plan BMPs.
Please refer to Appendices C and D (on pgs. 27 and 28) for sample “Plot Plan” drawings.

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 Erosion and Sediment Control Plot Plan

Revised 12/1/10
7
Legend and Symbols Project Name:
Developed By:
Municipality:
Date:
 STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 3-1
Rock Construction Entrance

Topsoil should be removed prior to installation of Rock Construction Entrance.

Extend rock over full width of entrance.

Runoff shall be diverted from roadway to a suitable sediment removal BMP prior to entering Rock
Construction Entrance.

Mountable berm should be installed wherever optional culvert pipe is used. Pipe to be sized appropriately
for size of ditch being crossed.

MAINTENANCE: Rock Construction Entrance thickness shall be constantly maintained to the specified
dimensions by adding rock. A stockpile shall be maintained on site for this purpose. All sediment deposited
on paved roadways shall be removed and returned to the construction site immediately. If excessive
amounts of sediment are being deposited on roadway, extend length of Rock Construction Entrance by 50
feet increments until condition is alleviated or install wash rack. Washing the roadway or sweeping the
deposits into roadway ditches, sewer, culverts, or other drainageways is not acceptable.

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 STRAW BALE BARRIER
Straw Bale Barriers may be used to control runoff from
small disturbed areas provided that runoff is in the form of
sheet flow. Since straw bales tend to deteriorate within a
3-month period, they should be considered as short-term
control measures.

Straw Bale Barriers should not be used in areas of

concentrated flows (e.g. channels, swales, erosion gullies,
across pipe outfalls, as inlet protection, etc.) or in areas
where they cannot be properly staked (e.g. paved areas).

The maximum slope length above any Straw Bale Barrier should not exceed that shown in Table 4.4
(on pg. 9 ). The slope length shown is the distance from the barrier to the drainage divide or the nearest
upslope channel. NOTE: Slope length is not increased by use of multiple rows of barriers!

TABLE 4.4
Maximum Slope Length for Straw Bale Barriers and Wood Chip Filter Berms
Slope - Percent Maximum Slope Length (ft)
Above Barrier
2 (or less) 150
5 100
10 50
15 35
20 25
25 20
30 15
35 15
40 15
45 10
50 10
>50 Not Permitted

Straw Bale Barriers should not be used in areas where rock prevents full and uniform anchoring of the
bales.

Straw Bale Barriers should be installed according to Standard Construction Detail # 4-13 (on pg. 10).

Bales should be placed on edge and installed in an anchoring trench. When improperly placed and
installed (such as staking the bales directly to the ground with no soil seal or entrenchment), undercutting
and other failures typically occur.

Two support stakes should be driven through each bale to the depth 18” below the ground surface.

The excavated soil should be backfilled and compacted on the upslope side of the bales.

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 STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-13
Straw Bale Barrier

Straw Bale Barriers shall not be used for projects extending more than 3 months.

Straw Bale Barriers shall be placed at existing level grade with ends tightly abutting the adjacent bales.
First stake of each bale shall be angled toward adjacent bale to draw bales together. Stakes shall be driven
flush with the top of the bale (see Figure 4.4 on pg. 9). Both ends of the barrier shall be extended at least
8 feet up slope at 45 degrees to the main barrier alignment (see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13).

Compacted backfill to extend approximately 4 inches above ground level.

Sediment shall be removed when accumulations reach 1/3 the above ground height of the barrier.
Damaged or deteriorated bales shall be replaced immediately upon inspection.

Any section of Straw Bale Barrier which has been undermined or topped shall be immediately replaced
with a Rock Filter Outlet. See Standard Construction Detail # 4-6 (on pg. 11).

Bales shall be removed when the tributary area has been permanently stabilized.

FIGURE 4.4
Straw Bale Barrier Installation

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 ROCK FILTER OUTLET
Rock Filter Outlets may be used to address problems of
concentrated flows to sediment barriers. Wherever a sediment
barrier has failed due to an unanticipated concentrated flow, a
Rock Filter Outlet should be installed unless that concentrated
flow can be otherwise directed away from the barrier.

In special protection watersheds (HQ or EV), or where

additional water filtering is desired, a 6” layer of compost
should be added and anchored on top of the AASHTO #57
stone. A 6-inch deep sump may be installed immediately
upslope of the Rock Filter Outlet to provide additional
sediment removal capacity.

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-6

Rock Filter Outlet

A Rock Filter Outlet shall be installed where failure of a Straw Bale Barrier or Filter Fabric
Fence has occurred due to concentrated flow.

Sediment must be removed when accumulations reach 1/3 the height of the outlet.

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 FILTER FABRIC FENCE (SILT FENCE)
Silt Fence may be used to control runoff from small disturbed areas
when it is in the form of sheet flow, and the discharge is to a stable
area. Only those fabric types specified for such use by the
manufacturer should be used. Standard Filter Fabric width shall be
30” min.; Reinforced Filter Fabric width shall be 42” min.

Do not use silt fence in areas of concentrated flows (e.g. channels,

swales, erosion gullies, across pipe outfalls, as inlet protection, etc.).

Silt Fence should not be used in areas where rock or rocky soils
prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the fence. Forested areas
are not recommended unless tree roots can be severed during
excavation of the anchor trench.

Silt Fence should not be installed on uncompacted fills or in extremely

loose soils (e.g. sandy loam), since this will likely result in undermining
of the fence.

A 6” deep trench should be excavated, minimizing the disturbance on

the downslope side. The bottom of the trench should be at level grade. NOTE: Standard Silt Fence may be
installed using the slicing method provided manufacturer’s recommendations are followed.

A 2” X 2” (+/- 3/8”, minimum cross-sectional area of 3.0 square inches) hardwood or equivalent steel (U or
T weighing not less than 1.33 pound per linear foot) support stake should be driven 18” below the existing
ground surface at 8-foot (max.) intervals (see Standard Construction Detail # 4-7 on pg. 12).

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-7

Standard Silt Fence (18” High)

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Fabric shall be 30” minimum.

Silt Fence must be placed at level existing grade. Both ends of the barrier must be extended at
least 8 feet up slope at 45 degrees to the main barrier alignment to allow for pooling of water.
(see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13).

Sediment must be removed when accumulations reach 1/2 the above ground height of the fence.
Any section of Silt Fence which has been undermined or topped must be immediately replaced
with a Rock Filter Outlet. See Standard Construction Detail # 4-6 (on pg. 11).

Fence shall be removed and properly disposed of when tributary area is permanently stabilized.

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 STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-8
Reinforced Silt Fence (30” High)

Fabric shall be 42” minimum.

Silt Fence must be installed at existing level grade. Both ends of each fence section must be extended at
least 8 feet upslope at 45 degrees to the main fence alignment (see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13).

Sediment must be removed where accumulations reach 1/ 2 the above ground height of the fence.

Any section of Silt Fence which has been undermined or topped must be immediately replaced
with a Rock Filter Outlet. See Standard Construction Detail # 4-6 (on pg. 11).

Fence shall be removed and properly disposed of when tributary area is permanently stabilized.

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-9

Silt Fence Reinforced by Staked Straw Bales

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Not suitable for projects lasting longer than 3 months unless bales are replaced quarterly.

Fabric shall be 42” minimum.

Silt Fence must be installed at existing level grade. Both ends of each fence section must be extended at least 8 feet
upslope at 45 degrees to the main fence alignment (see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13).

Sediment must be removed where accumulations reach 1/ 2 the above ground height of the fence. Any fence section
which has been undermined or topped must be immediately replaced with a Rock Filter Outlet. See Standard
Construction Detail # 4-6 (on pg. 11).

Fence shall be removed and properly disposed of when tributary area is permanently stabilized.

The filter fabric should be stretched and fastened to the upslope side of the support stakes. Wherever Reinforced Silt
Fence is installed, the reinforcement mesh should be fastened to the stakes prior to the fabric (see Standard
Construction Detail # 4-8 on pg. 14).

At fabric ends, both ends should be wrapped around the support stake and stapled. If the fabric comes already
attached to the stakes, the end stakes should be held together while the fabric is wrapped around the stakes at least
one revolution (360 degrees) prior to driving the stakes.

The bottom of the fence should be anchored by placing the fabric in the bottom of the trench, then backfilling and
compacting the fill material in the trench. An acceptable alternative is the use of a machine which slices the soil to a
depth of at least 6 inches and inserts the fabric in a continuous operation.

Guy wires should be attached to the support stakes of Reinforced Fabric Fence (see Standard Construction Detail #
4-8 on pg. 14). An acceptable alternative to the guy wires is to stake a continuous row of straw bales on the
downslope side of the fence (see Standard Construction Detail # 4-9 on pg. 14). Filter Fabric Fence alignment should
be at least 8’ from the toe of fill slopes.

The maximum slope length (in both existing and final grade) above Standard (18”) and Reinforced (30”) Filter
Fabric Fence should not exceed that shown in Table 4.3 (on pg. 15). The slope length shown is the distance from the
fence to the drainage divide or the nearest upslope channel. NOTE: Slope length is not addressed by use of multiple
rows of Filter Fabric Fence!
TABLE 4.3
Maximum Slope Length for Filter Fabric Fence
Maximum Slope Length (ft) Above Fence
Slope – Percent Standard (18” High) Reinforced (30” High) Super Silt Fence
Silt Fence Silt Fence
2 (or less) 150 500 N/A
5 100 250 N/A
10 50 150 N/A
15 35 100 N/A
20 25 70 N/A
25 20 55 N/A
30 15 45 N/A
35 15 40 N/A
40 15 35 N/A
45 10 30 N/A
50 10 25 N/A

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 COMPOST FILTER BERM
Although compost is typically viewed as a means of stabilization, it
may also be used to construct a filter berm for sediment control.
A Compost Filter Berm is a sediment filter consisting of composted
material blown into a berm configuration below a disturbed area
for the purpose of filtering the sediment-laden runoff before
exiting the site. Compost Filter Berms may be vegetated or
unvegetated and are usually left in place to provide long-term
filtration of stormwater as a post-construction BMP.

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #4-2

Compost Filter Berm

Compost Filter Berms shall be placed at existing level grade. Both ends of the berm shall be
extended at least 8 feet up slope at 45 degrees to the main berm alignment (see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13).

The maximum slope length above a compost filter berm should be that shown in Table 4.3 (on pg. 15) for
the Standard Silt Fence (18” high fence).

Tall grass shall be cut prior to installation to minimize potential for undercutting. Berm shall be
netted or otherwise anchored after installation.

Sediment shall be removed when accumulations reach 1/3 the above ground height of the berm.

Any section Compost Filter Berm which has been undermined or topped shall be immediately
replaced. Concentrated flows shall not be directed toward any Compost Filter Berm.

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 STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 4-1
Compost Filter Sock

A Compost Filter Sock is a mesh tube filled with composted material that is placed below a disturbed area,
perpendicular to sheet flow, to filter sediment-laden runoff before it leaves the site.

A Compost Filter Sock shall be placed at existing level grade. Both ends of the sock shall be extended at
least 8 feet up slope at 45 degrees to the main sock alignment (see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13).

Traffic shall not be permitted to cross Compost Filter Socks.

Accumulated Sediment shall be removed when it reaches ½ the above ground height of the sock and
disposed in the manner described elsewhere in the plan.

Socks shall be inspected weekly and after each runoff event. Damaged socks shall be repaired
according to manufacturer’s specifications or replaced within 24 hours of inspection.

Biodegradable Compost Filter Socks shall be replaced after 6 months; photodegradable Compost Filter Socks after 1
year.

Polypropylene Compost Filter Socks shall be replaced according to manufacturer’s recommendations.

Upon stabilization of the area tributary to the sock, stakes shall be removed. The sock may be left in place and
vegetated or removed. In the latter case, the mesh shall be cut open and the mulch spread as a soil supplement.

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 WOOD CHIP FILTER BERM
Wood Chip Filter Berms may be used on wooded or rocky
slopes where staking and trenching of other BMPs is very
difficult or impossible. Since they do not require trenching,
Wood Chip Filter Berms disturb less soil during installation
than Silt Fence and Straw Bale Barriers. However, large
obstructions such as tree limbs, boulders, etc. should be
removed prior to placement of the wood chips. Once the
tributary drainage area is permanently stabilized, the Wood
Chip Filter Berm may either be leveled or left in place.

Wood Chip Filter Berms should be aligned parallel to existing

contours and located below all disturbed areas. They are not
recommended for use within 50 feet of receiving surface water.

The maximum slope length above a Wood Chip Filter Berm should not exceed those shown for the Reinforced Silt
Fence in Table 4.3 (on pg. 15).

Wood Chip Filter Berms should be constructed as shown in Standard Construction Detail # 4-12 (on pg. 18).

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-12

Wood Chip Filter Berm

Prior to placement of the berm, obstructions such as tree limbs, large rocks, etc. shall be removed.

Wood Chip Filter Berms shall be placed at existing level grade. Both ends of the berm shall be extended at least 8
feet up slope at 45 degrees to the main barrier alignment (see Figure 4.1 on pg. 13). Wood Chip Berms may not be
located in areas of concentrated flow or used to construct sediment traps or other impoundments.

A 6” thick layer of compost shall be added to the upslope side of any Wood Chip Filter Berm located in a Special
Protection Watershed.

Berms shall be inspected weekly and after each runoff event. Sediment shall be removed when accumulations reach
1/2 the above ground height of the berm. Damaged or deteriorated portions of the berm shall be replaced
immediately upon inspection.

Berms may be leveled when the tributary area has been permanently stabilized or left in place.

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 ROCK FILTER
Rock Filters may be used to control runoff within constructed
channels (at the downstream end of the channel, during construction)
until the protective lining is installed or during a temporary
disturbance within the channel. Rock Filters may not be used to
control disturbed areas tributary to the channel in which they are
placed.

Rock Filters may not be used in lieu of appropriate channel linings.

This practice often results in overtopping of the channel during storm
events, scouring of the channel bottom below the filter, or erosion of
the channel side slopes as sediment deposits build up behind the filter. Rock Filters may not be used in
roadside ditches in lieu of a suitable temporary protective liner until vegetation is established except at the
inflows to ditch relief culverts. Ditch relief culverts reduce road sediment delivery to nearby streams by
diverting sediment-laden ditch water onto stabilized areas (i.e. such as a forest floor) where it can infiltrate
and be filtered.

Rock Filters should be constructed according to the specifications shown in Standard Construction
Detail # 4-14 (on pg. 20).

Rock Filters should be constructed with Rip-rap sized as follows: (see Chart RRSC #1 on pg. 19)
• For channels with Total Depth > 3 feet, use R-4.
• For channels with Total Depth between 2 and 3 feet, use R-3.

Rock Filters should not be used in channels of less than 2 feet total depth and they should be equal in
height to ½ the total depth of the channel with a 6” depression in the center.

A one foot thick layer of AASHTO #57 (i.e. 2B stone) or smaller should be placed on the upstream side of
the filter. In special protection watersheds, a 6” layer of compost should be placed and anchored on top of
the filter stone. NOTE: Filter fabric and straw bales should not be used in Rock Filters!

Rock Filters should be inspected weekly and after each runoff event. Clogged filter stone (AASHTO # 57)
should be replaced and needed repairs be initiated after the inspection.

RIP – RAP (R) SIZING CHART - RRSC #1

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
Rock Size R-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 R-7 R-8
2” 0-15%
3” 15-50% 0-15%
4” 0-15%
6” 100% 15-50%
9” 15-50% 0-15%
12” 100% 0-15%
15” 15-50% 0-15%
18” 100% 15-50%
24” 100% 15-50%
30” 100%
42” 100%
Minimum 12” 18” 24” 30” 36” 48”
Thickness

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Revised 12/1/10
 STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-14
Rock Filter

FOR 3’ < D USE R-4

FOR 2’ < D < 3’ USE R-3
NOT APPLICABLE FOR D < 2’

ROCK FILTER NO. LOCATION D (FT.) RIPRAP SIZE

Sediment must be removed when accumulations reach 1/ 2 the height of the filter.

Immediately upon stabilization of each channel, remove accumulated sediment, remove Rock Filter, and
stabilize disturbed areas.

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 WATERBAR
Waterbars are typically used to control stormwater runoff on
retired access roads and skid trails as well as pipeline and utility
line right-of-ways. They are not recommended for active access
roads or skid trails due to the difficulty of moving equipment over
them as well as the need for continual maintenance due to damage
from traffic. Where Waterbars are used on active access roads, it
is necessary to provide reinforcement of the berm with a log, steel
pipe, etc. to maintain the integrity of the Waterbar between
maintenance operations. All such Waterbars should be restored to
original dimensions at the end of each work day. Waterbars are not appropriate for incised roadways,
where there is no opportunity to discharge runoff to either side.

Waterbars may be used to direct runoff to well-vegetated areas or sediment removal facilities (e.g.
temporary). They should discharge to the downslope side of the access road, skid trail, or right-of-way so
that runoff will flow away from, not back onto the roadway, skid trail, or right-of-way. A 2% maximum
gradient is recommended to ensure proper discharge of water entering the Waterbar. Steeper gradients
should be avoided to prevent erosion of the Waterbar. Wherever erodible soils are present, or where there
is not a sufficient vegetative filter strip between the Waterbar and a receiving surface water, the Waterbar
should be provided with a temporary protective liner. All Waterbars should be vegetated whenever
possible. Obstructions, (e.g. Straw Bales Barriers, Silt Fence, Rock Filters, etc.) should not be placed in or
across Waterbars.
STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL #3-5
Waterbar

Waterbars must discharge to a stable area.

Waterbars shall be inspected weekly (daily on active roads) and after each runoff event. Damaged
or eroded Waterbars shall be restored to original dimensions within 24 hours of inspection.

Maintenance of Waterbars shall be provided until roadway, skidtrail, or right-of-way has achieved
permanent stabilization.

Waterbars on retired roadways, skidtrails, and right-of-ways shall be left in place after permanent
stabilization has been achieved.
TABLE 3.1 – WATERBAR SPACING
PERCENT SLOPE SPACING (FT)
<5 250
5 - 15 150
15 - 30 100
>30 50

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 SEDIMENT FILTER LOG (FIBER LOG)
Sediment Filter Logs are tube-shaped devices filled with straw, flax,
rice, or coconut fiber and wrapped with UV-degradable
polypropylene netting, burlap, jute, or coir (i.e. material derived from
coconut shell husk) for longevity. They may be used to control runoff
from small disturbed areas where Filter Fabric Fence would
normally be used as well as certain locations where Filter Fabric
Fence is not typically effective (e.g. above headwalls and endwalls). In
general, 8” diameter logs may be used on individual lots of < 0.5 acres
that are tributary to a sediment basin or sediment trap. Twelve inch
(12”) logs may be used on slopes with lengths not exceeding those
approved for Standard Silt Fence and eighteen inch (18”) logs may be
used on slopes approved for Reinforce Silt Fence. However, longer
slope lengths will be considered by the Department on a case-by-case basis. Standard Construction Detail #
4-11 (on pg. 22) should be used for Sediment Filter Log installation and maintenance.

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 4-11

Sediment Filter Log (Fiber Log)

Sediment Filter Log placement area must be prepared so that it is free of all debris, including rocks, sticks,
roots, etc. A 2” layer of compacted fill material shall be placed on the upslope side of the log to prevent
undercutting. Where more than one log is required to obtain specified length, logs shall be tightly abutted
and securely staked. A 2” layer of AASHTO #57 stone shall be placed where the logs come together. A 6”
layer of compost may be substituted for the stone. Sediment Filter Logs shall be placed at existing level
grade. Ends shall be extended upslope at 45º to the main Sediment Filter Log alignment for a minimum of
8 feet.

Sediment Filter Logs shall be inspected weekly and after each runoff event. Sediment deposits shall be
cleaned from the log when it reaches ½ the height of the log. Damaged Sediment Filter Logs shall be
replaced within 24 hours of inspection. A supply of Sediment Filter Logs must be maintained on site for
this purpose.
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 PERMANENT DIVERSION CHANNELS OR TEMPORARY SWALES

Flow Channel Stabilization

Channel Grade Type of Stabilization
0.5 – 1.0% Seed and Mulch
1.0 – 2.5% Jute Matting (or equivalent) with mulch
2.5 – 8.0% *Sod Lining
*Requires rock apron or some other device to slow the velocity of the water

INSTALLATION
• Remove all trees and shrubs that may interfere with the functioning of the channel/swale.
• The channel/swale should be excavated to the required depth and slope. Fills should be compacted by
earthmoving equipment.
• Seed, mulch, and a specified erosion control matting should be placed immediately after final grade is
reached.
MAINTENANCE
• Periodic maintenance should be performed. Any eroded areas should be seeded/mulched and erosion control
matting should be immediately installed. Erosion resulting from concentrated water flows should be re-
stabilized with an appropriate erosion control matting designed to meet the specifications of the existing
slope.
RESTRICTIONS
• All channels/swale should have uninterrupted positive grade to a stabilized outlet.
• Diverted runoff from a disturbed area (i.e. construction site) should be conveyed to a sediment-trapping
device (i.e. Rock Filter/Rip-rap Apron).
• Diverted runoff from an undisturbed area shall outlet directly into an existing stabilized area at a non-
erosive velocity.
• Maximum drainage area for Permanent Diversion Channels is 5 acres, and maximum slope of Temporary
Swales is 8%.
NOTES
• Earthen berms are to be used for the same purpose as Permanent Diversion Channels or Temporary Swales
and follow the same restrictions as listed above.

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 STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # 9-2
Riprap Apron at Pipe Outlet Without Flared Endwall

RipRap Apron
Pipe Initial Terminal
DIA Thick. Length Width Width
Pd Size Rt AI Aiw Atw
Outlet No. (in) (R- ) (In) (FT) (FT) (Ft)

Construct all Rip-rap Aprons to the dimensions shown. Adjust terminal widths as necessary to match
receiving channels.

Extend riprap on back side of apron to at least ½ depth of pipe on both sides to prevent scour around the
pipe.

Inspect all Rip-rap Aprons on a weekly basis and after each runoff event.

Replace displaced riprap within the apron immediately.

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Revised 12/1/10
 APPENDIX “A”

NOTES:
• ALL RUN-OFF FROM NEWLY
CONSTRUCTED ROOFS SHALL
BE DIVERTED TO A PROPERLY
SIZED SUMP AS SHOWN.
• INVERTS OF INLET & OUTLET
PIPES IN SUMP TO BE EQUAL
• INLET & OUTLET PIPES SHALL BE
4” (MIN.)
• SUMP DIMENSIONS (L,W,D) SHALL
BE DETERMINED BY THE
FORMULA BELOW AND THE INSTALL SCREEN AT
ACTUAL BUILDING PLANS. TOP OF DOWNSPOUT
• SUMP LENGTH (L) SHOULD BE
(WITHIN RAIN GUTTER)

TWICE THE WIDTH (W) OR

MORE.
• MINIMUM SUMP DEPTH (D) = 4’. BUILDING WALL

• SUMP EDGE SHALL BE 10’ OR

MORE FROM A PROPERTY LINE. EMERGENCY OVERFLOW
• SUMP EDGE SHALL BE 15’ OR PIPE WITH SPLASH BLOCK
MORE FROM A SEPTIC SYSTEM.
EXTEND INLET PIPE
(SOLID PVC) 2’ (MIN.)
TOP SOIL WITH INTO SUMP WITH
GRASS COVER PERFORATIONS AT END

CROWN/TOP
OF SUMP
COVER

2%
12”

(MIN.)
EXTEND OUTLET 4”
PIPE (SOLID PVC) 2’
(MIN.) INTO SUMP W/
PERFORATIONS AT
END OF SUMP

D’
PIPE SHALL
EXTEND TO
DAYLIGHT 15’ (MIN.)
TO BUILDING WALL
W’ L’
FREEBOARD UNIT
(INVERT OF PIPES
EFFECTIVE SUMP DEPTH)
FORMULA:
CONSTRUCT SUMP USING PENNDOT #2B
MINIMUM SUMP
(OR LARGER) CRUSHED STONE AGGREGATE
VOLUME = 0.5 CU. FT. OF SUMP VOLUME
FOR EVERY SQUARE FOOT OF APPROVED GEOTEXTILE
IMPERVIOUS ROOF AREA
(TOP, BOTTOM, & ALL SIDES)
EXAMPLE CALCULATION;
ASSUMED 3200 S.F. OF TOTAL ROOF AREA & 4 SUMPS
MIN. SUMP VOLUME = 0.5 CU. FT. x (3200 S.F./4 SUMPS) = 400 CU.FT./EA.
THEREFORE, USE SUMP SIZE OF: 15’ LONG x 7’ WIDE x 4’ DEEP (EACH)

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Revised 12/1/10
 APPENDIX “B”
BMP 6.4.5: Rain Garden/Bioretention

A Rain Garden (also called Bioretention)

is an excavated shallow surface depression
planted with specially selected native
vegetation to treat and capture runoff.

Key Design Elements

Potential Applications
Flexible in terms of size and infiltration Residential
Commercial
Urban/ Industrial
Ponding depths generally limited to 12 inches or less for
Highway/Road:
aesthetics, safety, and rapid draw down. Certain situations
may allow deeper ponding depths.
Stormwater Functions
Deep rooted perennials and trees encouraged Volume Reduction: Medium
Recharge: Med/High
Peak Rate Control: Low/Med.
Native vegetation that is tolerant of hydrologic variability, Water Quality: Med./High
salts and environmental stress
Water Quality Functions
Modify soil with compost

TSS: TP:85% 85%

Stable inflow/outflow conditions NO3:30%

Provide positive overflow

Maintenance to ensure long-term functionality

Bioretention is a method of treating stormwater by pooling water on the surface and allowing filtering and settling
of suspended solids and sediment at the mulch layer, prior to entering the plant/soil/microbe complex media for
infiltration and pollutant removal. Bioretention techniques are used to accomplish water quality improvement and
water quantity reduction.

Bioretention can be integrated into a site with a high degree of flexibility and can balance nicely with other
structural management systems, including porous asphalt parking lots, infiltration trenches, as well as non-
structural stormwater BMPs.

The vegetation serves to filter (water quality) and transpire (water quantity) runoff, and the root systems can
enhance infiltration. The plants take up pollutants (i.e. the soil medium filters out pollutants and allows storage and
infiltration of stormwater runoff) and the bed provides additional volume control. Properly designed bioretention
techniques mimic natural ecosystems through species diversity, density and distribution of vegetation, and the use
of native species resulting in a system that is resistant to insects, disease, pollution, and climatic stresses.

26
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APPENDIX “C”

27
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 APPENDIX “D”

28
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 GLOSSARY

Aggregate -----Hard, tough, durable, particles, reasonably free from silt, clay, & vegetation. Coarse
aggregates (those retained on a No. 4 sieve) are often used as filter stone.

Apron -----A covering along a shoreline or immediately below a pipe or channel outfall for protection
against erosion.

Best Management Practice (BMP) -----A generally accepted practice for minimizing accelerated
erosion and resultant sediment pollution to protect, maintain, reclaim and restore the quality of waters and
the existing and designated uses of waters within this Commonwealth.

Channel Lining ----- The material applied to the bottom and/or sides of a natural or constructed channel
to prevent or minimize abrasion, scour and other forms of erosion.

Disturbed Area -----That part of an earth disturbance project from which the vegetative cover has been
removed to the extent that the potential for accelerated erosion exists.

Drainage Area -----The area above a BMP from which runoff would normally drain to that BMP.

Geotextile -----A fabric manufactured from synthetic fiber (usually non-biodegradable, either woven or
non-woven) that is designed to achieve specific engineering objectives, including seepage control, separation
of materials, filtration, or protection of other construction materials.

Grubbing -----The operation of removing stumps and roots.

Mulch -----A natural or artificial layer of plant residue or other materials placed on the soil surface to
protect seeds, prevent blowing, retain soil moisture, curtail erosion, aid in establishing plant cover, and
and minimize soil temperature fluctuations.

Outlet Protection -----An apron, dissipater, basin, or other device placed below a pipe or channel outfall
to prevent scour.

Riprap -----Crushed stone which meets certain requirements for size gradation, weight, durability, and
shape. It is generally specified according to “R” size.

Temporary Stabilization ----- Provision of immediate protection from accelerated erosion pending future
disturbance, typically in the form of annual seed mixtures and/or mulch.

Thank-You-Ma’am -----Waterbar.

Waterbar -----A low berm constructed at an angle across the right-of-way of a pipeline or utility line to
direct runoff away from the right-of-way onto a well-vegetated area.

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