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Linux Class 2 Ashok It

Scripting involves creating a set of commands in a file for execution, automating routine tasks such as backups and system checks. Shell scripting, which uses files with a .sh extension and often begins with a sha-bang (#!), allows for the execution of these commands in a streamlined manner. Key concepts in scripting include variables, operators, conditional statements, and functions, which help manage data and control flow within scripts.

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136 views6 pages

Linux Class 2 Ashok It

Scripting involves creating a set of commands in a file for execution, automating routine tasks such as backups and system checks. Shell scripting, which uses files with a .sh extension and often begins with a sha-bang (#!), allows for the execution of these commands in a streamlined manner. Key concepts in scripting include variables, operators, conditional statements, and functions, which help manage data and control flow within scripts.

Uploaded by

chinnakumark8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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======================

What is scripting ?
======================

=> Scripting means set of commands we are keeping in a file for execution.

=> Scripting is used to automate our daily routine work.

=> For example, i want to execute below commands on daily basis

whoami
pwd
date
cal
ls -l

Note: instead of executing these commands one after other manually we can keep them
inside a file and we can execute that file which is called as Scripting.

=> The process of executing script file using shell is called as shell scripting.

=> Shell scripting is used to automate our daily routine works in the project.

a) take backup

b) delete temp files

c) analyze log files

d) system health check

=> shell script files will have .sh extension

Ex : backup.sh, health-checks.sh, log-analyzer.sh

=> Shell Script file will start with sha-bang.

============================
what is sha-bang in linux ?
============================

=> sha-bang is used to specify which shell we should use to process our script
file.

Syntax :

#! /bin/bash

Note: Writing sha-bang is not mandatory but recommended.

============= 01 : Shell Script ===========

#! /bin/bash

echo "@@@@ script start @@@@"


whoami
pwd
date
cal

echo "@@@@ script end @@@@"

============= 02 : Shell Script ===========

#! /bin/bash

echo " Enter Your Name "

read FNAME

echo "Good Evening, $FNAME"

============= 03 : Shell Script ===========

#! /bin/bash

echo "Enter your first name"

read FNAME

echo "Enter your last name"

read LNAME

echo "Your Fullname : $FNAME $LNAME"

====================
Scripting Concepts
====================

1) Variables

2) Operators

3) Conditional Statements (if-else)

4) Looping Statements

5) Command Line Args

6) Functions

===========
Variables
===========

=> Variables are used to store the values

=> Variables will represent data in key-value format


a=20
b=30
name=ashok
gender=male
age=30

Note: We don't have data types in shell scripting.

=> We have 2 types of variables

1) System Variables / Environment Variables

2) User Defind Variables

Note: We can access all the environment variables using below command

$ env

=> The variables which are already defined and using by our system are called as
System variables.

=> The variables which we are creating based on our requirement are called as 'User
Defined Variables'.

name = ashok
id = 101
age = 25
gender = male

Note : To access value of variable we will use below syntax

$ echo $VARIABLE_NAME

# create variable using terminal


export course=devops

# get variable value


echo $course

# remove variable
unset variable_name

Note: If we use export command in terminal for setting variables then those
variables will be removed once we close our terminal. These are called as temporary
variables.

====================================
How to set variables permanently ?
====================================

=> We will use ".bashrc" file to set variables permanently for the user.

$ ls -la

$ cat -n .bashrc

# open .bashrc
vi .bashrc
# add variables at end of the file
COURSE=devops
TRAINER=ashok

# apply .bashrc changes


source .bashrc

# Access variables
echo $COURSE
echo $TRAINER

Note: In linux machine, every user will contain their own .bashrc file in user home
directory.

==========================
Rules for Variables name
==========================

=> Variable name should not start with digit

Ex: 123name (invalid)


name1 (valid)

=> Variable name should not contain below 3 special symbols

Ex: - (hyper), @, #

Note: It is recommended to use uppercase characters for variable names.

name1 ==> NAME1

age ==> AGE

============
Operators
============

=> Operators are used to perform some operation on the variables.

10 + 20 ==> 30

10 > 20 ==> false

25 == 25 ==> true

========================
Arithematic Operators
========================

Addition : +

Substraction : -

Multiplication : *

Division : /
Modulas : %

Syntax to perform Arithematic Operations : $((VAR1 + VAR2))

================== 04 : Script (addition) ================

#! /bin/bash

echo "Enter First Number"

read FNUM

echo "Enter Second Number"

read SNUM

echo "Result : $((FNUM+SNUM))"

===================================
Relational/Comparision Operators
===================================

Equals (== (or) eq)

Not Equals (!=)

Greater Than (> (or) gt (or) ge)

Less Than :: < (or) lt (or) le

===================
Conditional Stmts
===================

=> Conditional statements are used to execute commands based on condition.

Ex :

read AGE

if age is above 18 years then print msg as "eligible for vote"

if age is below 18 years then print msg as "not-elgible for vote"

=> To implement conditional stmts we will use "if-elif-else"

Syntax :

if [ condition-1 ]; then

// stmts

elif [ condition-2 ]; then

//stmts

else
// stmts

================== 05 : Script ( if-else) ================

#! /bin/bash

echo "Enter age"

read AGE

if [ $AGE -ge 18 ]; then


echo "Eligible For Vote"
else
echo "Not Eligible for Vote"
fi

========================================

Requirement : Take a number from user and check given number is even or odd

Requirement : Take a number from user and check weather it is positive or negative
or zero

=========================================

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