linux /// shell scripting

default shell [bash bourne ]

there are different types of shell
korn shell
bash shell
c shell
z shell
ksh
how many shells are their in linux servers or what are shells confirugred in
linux servers
cat /etc/shells
how to install
sudo yum install csh -y
how to see
cat /etc/shells
installed or not
sudo yum install -y zsh [ best prctice ]
sudo yum install -y ksh

how to check which shell we are using

echo $shell (echo -- print )
echo $0
ps -p $$ ( by default process check cheya daniki ) backend ey process is
running
env ( here shell will be there with help of grep )
env | grep
how to switch to another shell ??
step 1 : cat /etc/shells
check what shells are there
step 2 : echo $shell
current shell ?
/bin/sh
sh-5.ls echo
echo $shell (bydefault shell check cheyadaniki )
/bin/bash
if you want to come back
/bin/bash
ps -p $$

what is shell scripting ??

shell is a file its contains collections of linux commands , whatever the order you
provided
will be execute from top to bottom
what is the extention of shell scripting ??
ans: .sh {( optional ) as a good pracitce pls give .sh to identify }
why i need to learn to shell scripting ??
where ever you doing manual task and repated task . to autmate the manual tasks
SHELL SCRIPTIING IS ONLY FOR DEVOPS ??
devpoler / tester / devops
ans : no and is all for engineers
ex : db backup / application backup / cpu memory check cheyli / server
utilization.sh
what are the prequisite to learn SS ??
1 linux commands
2 basic programming fundamentals
3 commitment
4 problem sloving skills
how to write a shell scripting ??
vi first.sh
go to insert mode and insert data
echo " i am from hyd"
echo "how are you "
date
pwd
wq!
i want to see output

how to run a shell scripting ?

we can run in 4 types
sh first.sh
./first.sh
. first.sh
bash first.sh
ls -lrth

sh first.sh { TO RUN SHELL SCRIPTING }

{ as a good practice what other developer are using }

./first.sh
permission is denied execution permission is not their
ls -lrth|grep -i "fir"
not their permission execute
how to give excute permission for that user
chmod u+x first.sh
rerun the command
ls -lrth|grep -i "fir"
./first.sh

this is script work in windows ?

no
linux is a platform dependent os ??
linux === we can write shell script
windows server == power shell
python == platform independent

sh -x first.sh { debug mode -x debug , first.sh - file name }

each command
output
How to run a script in debug mode ?? *** real time
sh -x first.sh

IN cat file i want to debug for partucular command UPTIME

go to
vi first.sh
date
pwd
hero
hello
set -x starting point
uptime
set +x ending point
date
chicha
now run the file
sh first.sh
EX :I want to run debug for the pwd and uptime command
vi first.sh
hero
set -x first.sh
pwd
set +x first.sh
zero
set -x first.sh
uptime
set +x first.skh
chinna

SHEBANG LINE ?
#!/bin/bash { #!-shebang , /bin/bash - line }

COMMENTS IN SHELL SCRIPTING ??

=============================
-- > comments are used to improve the readability of script
--> It will stop the execution of a few or more commands

types of comments
================
1 single line comments
2 inline comment
3 multi comment

vi first.sh
hero
hell
#hello i am displaying the print working dir { aa command guruchi describe chesham
alagane ey command mundu describe cheyali } {# -single line comment & # that is
ignore by shell }
chicha
red
green
{ nenu oka script rashanu.oka six months tharuvatha aa company nunchi vellipoyanu
aa script vere resource or person echinappudu handle cheyali kadha
eppude aite 10 coomands unthadi real time lo 100 / 1000 /2000 undachu code commetns
unte oh e line lo user add cheshadu

./sh first.sh
outout displayed
comments ingored
comments will not come here . comments enduku anthe a code chadiviteappudu it
will increase readability of script
suppose i want to run the code 1 2 3 4 working and i dont uptime
#uptime { it will stop execution of few commands }
if you place # it will not run that line
now run that file
./first.sh
no display of uptime

WHAT IS INLNE COMMENTS ??

========================
appudu aite ni dagira code undoo
vi first.sh
hero
man
kill
echo "hero today coming to shoot " #here display code { inline comments means it
will nor start from first that will start in the middle that is called comment }
{in the middle of the line we are using IC }
zero
fill
vbn
wq!
./first.sh { running output }
ingorable
that is also not displayed

MULTI LINE COMMENTS *** INTERVAL QUESTION

===========================================
the way of writing coding is important.and should understandable by opposite person

this is a code

#hero coming
#echo " how are you "
#date this is a nice
the boy #coming to home
uptime
hero
ls
cd
lsw

ex : realtime
task1
100 line
task2
100 150 lines
task3
script run cheychinappudu task 1 2 3 vasthadi
na requirement enti ante
nenu test cheychiappudu naku task2 output vadhu 5150 lines vadhu
{enti nuvu code delete chesthava never delete a code} {keep that code like that
only}
keep multi line comments for task 2 it will skip and how will you do

vi c.sh
echo " i am good "
echo "hi i am hero "
lws
do
<<phani { multi line comments}
pwd
ls
cd
phani {end }
mkdir
jaffa

cat -n c.sh
./ c.sh
chmod u+x c.sh
./c.sh

In java / terraform/ jenkins grovvy

======================================
// single line
/*
multi line comment
*/

IN Realtime Multiline comments in shell were we use

script rashanu annuko
vi c.SH
#! /bin/bash {optional}

<<comment
author:kkphani
aim: to run the commands { comments are ignored by the shell . comments lopala
em ayna rasuko matter. ante ni code readabiltiy kosham comments
start: 10/02/0222
comment

echo "the king is back"

echo "field is back"
HERO
ZERO
PIWAN
JAFFA
WER
CHICHA
wq! save

nw we are in fundamental stage only

du -t disk utlizization
ls -lrth

requirement enti ante

sleep command
ls

==========================
VIDEO CLASS 2
==========================

VARIABLES IN SHELL SCRIPTING ????

===============================
EX : inside a memory their is a four values.
v1 = 10 v2= 25 v3=25 v4=10
which one should i call v1 or both are same values so varibales came into picture

what is a variable ??
variable is a name of a memory loctions. It is used to store a values .
the value can be changed during the program { script }execution
a= 10 b=20 c=25 d =10

{{ In the middle of a shell scripting you can change value from 10 to 15 also.
while executing the script the value can change { arthametic operations /
relational opertions or some other opertions } }}

variable assigment
==================
assinging value to variable
 12 is assingned to a
a <--> varibale
= <--> assignment operator { RHS=LHS}
12 <--> is a value

a=12
b=23
name= "kk phani "

12=12 NOT RECOMENDED

RULES FOR DECLARING A VARIABLE ??

==================================
1. varilable name contains collecions of letter ( a-z,A-Z, digits (0-9) and under
score ( _)
ex:
name (yes)
%6#a=90(no)
specical charcter not allowed expect under score _
2. variable names doesnot start with no
ex: 25=999 (no)
3. varibale can start with either letter or under score ( _) but not digit
ex: _abc=89 (yes )
2a_=999 (no )
4. space are not allowed in vaiables name
ab de=99 (no)
5. variable names are case sensitive (name is different NAME )

variable assigmnent
======================
a=12
b=23
name= "kk funda "

how to access variable values ??

================================
ans : use the $ symbol or use $ followed by variable name

with help of $ you can access any data inside that variable
example: $a
echo $a

Types of variables in shell scripting

========================================
1. system defined variables ( enviromental variable )
2. programmer ( user) defined varibales

1: System defined variables ( enviromental variable )

By default unthai no need to write variable
Varibales are inherited from shell environment variables is called a system defined
variables

how many system defined varibales are there in linux ??

==========================================================
------> env or printenv
ex: echo $user
echo $HISTSIZE

By default how many variables are there

env|wc -l
system varibales names ( upper case lo unthai )
echo $user
ec2-user
what is HIST SIZE ??? inv question
====================================
ans: 1000 bydefault

env|grep -i "hist"
histsize=1000

what is the meaning of HIST ??

hitory run chesthav ga command . history run chechinappudu
ani commands nuvu history lo store chesukovali
bydefault 1000
eppudu nuvu ani run cheshav commans 400
old one erase aipothadi that meaning of history

echo $HISTSIZE
1000

IS it possible to change histsize ???

===================================
export HISTSIZE=400

echo $HISTSIZE
900

2: programmer ( user) defined varibales

=======================================
user defined varibales
EX:
age=90
def =89
name= "phani"
amount=2000

NAMING CONVENTIONS
======================
1. shell file name max limit is 255 character
2. dont give system defined commands
==================================================================

syntax ??

varibalename= <value> { this a syntax , oka obstract }

example ??

name= "krishna" { syntax based chesukoni example rasthunam }

=======================================================================

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS IN SHELL SCRIPTING ??

=================================================

whie running a ss, if you are passing any values called as a command line arugments

EX :sh test.sh one 10 20 sai 30

while running a script after that you are passing multiple arguments with
separately space this values is called as command line arguments
OR
when you are running a script the arugments you are passing is called command line
arugments

echo $0 -------> file name of the script

echo $1 ------> first argument
echo $2 ------> second argument
echo $3 ------> third argument

where using this in real time ??

================================
ex: writing script for backup. what is the source loctions

sh back.sh /temp/

backup_loction=$1

===========================================================

vi commandline.sh
echo $0
sh commandline.sh

vi commandline.sh
echo $0
echo $1
echo $2
sh commandline.sh
commandline.sh

two lines came empty . if we are passing data it will display . if we are not
passing data it will not display

sh commandline.sh one java

commandline.sh
one
java

whatever the value while running a script. whenever running a script

after the script whatever value you are passing that will be stored in commandline
variables $1 $2

I want to get a 11th arugmment

echo ${11} ---> it will display the 11th values

===================
SPECIAL VARIABLE
====================
$# -----> it will give the no of arugmnents you passed from the command prompt
or
$# ----> total no of arguments passed through script (count)

vi sv.sh
echov $1
echo "welcome to kk funda"
ech0 $2
echo $4
echo $3
sh sv.sh one sai kk funda
one
kk funda
sai
fuda
kk
==================================================
how many argumnet passing in cli. i want to know
=======================================================
with help of $# it will give the no of arugments passed through that cli
one
kk
sai
funda
4

$@ -----> It will display all values at a time { "one" "kk" "gh" "hJ" we have 4
string } it will run in backend

vi sv.sh
echo $!
echo $2
echo $#
echo $@

$*------>it will display all values at a time as string "one dd gg jj""

vi sv.sh
echo $2
echo $2
echo " hero"
echo $#
echo $@
echo$*

$$ ----> it will give processes id

vi sh.sh
echo $1
echo $2
echo $@
echo $#
echo $*
echo $$

sh sv.sh one kk hg pg
sai
funda
kk
3
6233

ps -ef
$? -----> ( important) what is the status of previous command
0----> success
127 -----> fail
vi sv.sh
echo $1
echo $@
echo $#
echo $%
echo $?

run the code

sh.sv.sh one sai kk funda

==============
VIDEO 4
==============

what is a loop in ss ?
-----------------------
for ex : i wrote a shell scripting

Loop is a statement it will repeat the same statement n number of times

=========
FOR LOOP
========
syntax:
------
for variable in list
do
#commands to execute for each item in the list
done

ex :
vi loop.sh
#! /bin/bash

# example of a for loop ilterating over a list of numbers

for num in 1 2 4 5
do in
echo number: $num
done
sh loop.sh

================
NESTED FOR LOOP ***
===============
IF any loop this is the for-loop within other-loop
outer for-loop
inner for-loop
first outer for-loop nunchi oka input thisukunthadi.aa input ni entire inner for-
loop repeat chesthadi

#! /bin/bash
# example of nested for loops to generate a multiplication table
echo "multiplication table (1 to5 ):"

for (( i=1;i<=3; i++))

do
echo "mulitiplication tabld for $!:"
for (( j=i; j<3; j++))
do
echo "$! * $j = $((i*j))"
done
echo " -----------------------"
done

j++ ----> post increment

++j ----> pre increment
j-- ---> post decrement
--j ---> pre decrement

-------------
WHILE LOOP
-----------
The while loop executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true

syntax
while [ condition];
do
#code block to execute as long as condition is true
done

ex:

#! bin/bash
# Example of a while loop counting down from 5 to 1
counter=5

echo " counting down "

while [ $counter -gt 0]
do
echo "$counter"
(( counter--))
done
echo " you are good engineer"

example 2 : reading lines from a file

-----------

#! bin/bash
# Example of a while loop counting lines from a file
filename="l6.sh"

echo " content of file "

while IFS= read -r line #IFS:internal filed separator
do
echo "$line"
done < "$line"
echo " you are great"

--------------------------------------------------------------------
< less than ---- aa file unna vathi ni input ga pass chesthav daniki
<< ----- append
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------
example 3: processing user input unit exit
-------------------------------------------

#! bin/bash
# Example of a while loop processing user input untill exit is entered
echo "enter names (type 'exit' to quit):"

while:
do
read -p "name:" name
if [ "$name" = "exi" ]; then
break
done < "$line"
echo " you are great"