Android - Broadcast Receivers

Broadcast Receivers simply respond to broadcast messages from other applications or from the system
itself. These messages are sometime called events or intents. For example, applications can also initiate
broadcasts to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is
available for them to use, so this is broadcast receiver who will intercept this communication and will initiate
appropriate action.

There are following two important steps to make BroadcastReceiver works for the system broadcasted intents −
Creating the Broadcast Receiver.

Registering Broadcast Receiver

There is one additional steps in case you are going to implement your custom intents then you will have to create
and broadcast those intents.

Creating the Broadcast Receiver

A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of BroadcastReceiver class and overriding the onReceive()
method where each message is received as a Intent object parameter.

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Intent Detected.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}

Registering Broadcast Receiver

An application listens for specific broadcast intents by registering a broadcast receiver in AndroidManifest.xml file.
Consider we are going to register MyReceiver for system generated event ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED which
is fired by the system once the Android system has completed the boot process.

/
 Broadcast-Receiver

<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<receiver android:name="MyReceiver">

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED">
</action>
</intent-filter>

</receiver>
</application>

Now whenever your Android device gets booted, it will be intercepted by BroadcastReceiver MyReceiver and
implemented logic inside onReceive() will be executed.
There are several system generated events defined as final static fields in the Intent class. The following table
lists a few important system events.

/
 Sr.No Event Constant & Description

android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED
1
Sticky broadcast containing the charging state, level, and other information about the battery.

android.intent.action.BATTERY_LOW
2
Indicates low battery condition on the device.

android.intent.action.BATTERY_OKAY
3
Indicates the battery is now okay after being low.

android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED
4
This is broadcast once, after the system has finished booting.

android.intent.action.BUG_REPORT
5
Show activity for reporting a bug.

android.intent.action.CALL
6
Perform a call to someone specified by the data.

android.intent.action.CALL_BUTTON
7
The user pressed the "call" button to go to the dialer or other appropriate UI for placing a call.

android.intent.action.DATE_CHANGED
8
The date has changed.

android.intent.action.REBOOT
9
Have the device reboot.

Broadcasting Custom Intents

If you want your application itself should generate and send custom intents then you will have to create and send
those intents by using the sendBroadcast() method inside your activity class. If you use the
sendStickyBroadcast(Intent) method, the Intent is sticky, meaning the Intent you are sending stays around after
the broadcast is complete.

public void broadcastIntent(View view) {

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
/
This intent com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT can also be registered in similar way as we have regsitered
system generated intent.

<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<receiver android:name="MyReceiver">

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT">
</action>
</intent-filter>

</receiver>
</application>

Example

This example will explain you how to create BroadcastReceiver to intercept custom intent. Once you are familiar
with custom intent, then you can program your application to intercept system generated intents. So let's follow
the following steps to modify the Android application we created in Hello World Example chapter −

Step Description

1 You will use Android studio to create an Android application and name it as My Application under a package
com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication as explained in the Hello World Example chapter.

2 Modify main activity file MainActivity.java to add broadcastIntent() method.

3 Create a new java file called MyReceiver.java under the package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication to
define a BroadcastReceiver.

4 An application can handle one or more custom and system intents without any restrictions. Every intent you
want to intercept must be registered in your AndroidManifest.xml file using <receiver.../> tag

5 Modify the default content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file to include a button to broadcast intent.

6 No need to modify the string file, Android studio take care of string.xml file.

7 Run the application to launch Android emulator and verify the result of the changes done in the application.

Following is the content of the modified main activity file MainActivity.java. This file can include each of the
fundamental life cycle methods. We have added broadcastIntent() method to broadcast a custom intent.

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

/
 @Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}

// broadcast a custom intent.

public void broadcastIntent(View view){

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT"); sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}

Following is the content of MyReceiver.java:

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
* Created by TutorialsPoint7 on 8/23/2016.
*/
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Intent Detected.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}

Following will the modified content of AndroidManifest.xml file. Here we have added <receiver.../> tag to include
our service:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication">

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>
</activity>
/
 <receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT">
</action>
</intent-filter>

</receiver>
</application>

</manifest>

Following will be the content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file to include a button to broadcast our custom
intent −

<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Example of Broadcast"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:textSize="30dp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Tutorials point "
android:textColor="#ff87ff09"
android:textSize="30dp"
android:layout_above="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="40dp" />

<ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/imageButton"
android:src="@drawable/abc"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
/
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:text="Broadcast Intent"
android:onClick="broadcastIntent"
android:layout_below="@+id/imageButton"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

</RelativeLayout>

Let's try to run our modified Hello World! application we just modified. I assume you had created your AVD while
doing environment set-up. To run the app from Android studio, open one of your project's activity files and click

Run icon from the tool bar. Android Studio installs the app on your AVD and starts it and if everything is fine
with your set-up and application, it will display following Emulator window −

Now to broadcast our custom intent, let's click on Broadcast Intent button, this will broadcast our custom intent
"com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT" which will be intercepted by our registered BroadcastReceiver i.e.
MyReceiver and as per our implemented logic a toast will appear on the bottom of the the simulator as follows −

/
You can try implementing other BroadcastReceiver to intercept system generated intents like system boot up,
date changed, low battery etc.