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G3-Report

The document outlines a group project focused on designing a traffic light controller, including the creation of a truth table for state transitions at a four-way intersection. It discusses the integration of pedestrian crossing signals and emergency vehicle prioritization, as well as the development of a basic traffic light circuit design. Additionally, it addresses potential interferences such as mass pedestrian crossings and emergency vehicles, ensuring safety and efficiency in traffic management.

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4 views

G3-Report

The document outlines a group project focused on designing a traffic light controller, including the creation of a truth table for state transitions at a four-way intersection. It discusses the integration of pedestrian crossing signals and emergency vehicle prioritization, as well as the development of a basic traffic light circuit design. Additionally, it addresses potential interferences such as mass pedestrian crossings and emergency vehicles, ensuring safety and efficiency in traffic management.

Uploaded by

1417302540
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

Truth table
Since traffic management is a critical aspect of modern urban infrastructure. At the meantime,
Traffic light controllers are essential to ensure smoother vehicle and pedestrian flow at
crossroads. In our group project, our aim is to design and stimulate a traffic light controller. In
details, my job is to create a suitable and basic truth table in order to help other teammates
build a whole logic system.

A. Analysis of original truth table

At first, we designed a four-way intersection with North-South (NS) and East-West (EW)
directions. Then, we make three states about traffic light, including green(G), yellow(Y), and
red(R) signals, as well as integrating a pedestrian crossing phase. We also use timers to
manage how long each light remains in a specific state where green and red last for 30
seconds, and yellow for 5 seconds. Finally, we set that the first state Q0 is green for North and
South(NSG), which is 000, where the next state is Q1, which is 001 for yellow in North and
South(NSY). The East-West is same as the North-South process, and the pedestrian crossing
is activated when both NS and EW lights are red, which is 101, the final state.

B. Simplifying for truth table

To improve the complexity and reality of our project, we then decided to add a left turn light
for both directions. However, it seems too complicated for teammates to build a real model,
so we shortened the truth table via combining green and yellow to the same state. So, there
are only two states with 0 and 1.

C. Final truth table with left turn light


Finally, we separated NS and EW to four states, N to S, S to N, E to W and W to E, to clearly
distinguish which states is needed to run. For instance, ELGY (East Left Green Yellow) for
left turns from East to West and WLGY (West Left Green Yellow) for left turns from West to
East. The timer still remained but not shown in the truth table because of the simplicity.

In conclusion, my contribution to the project focused on building the truth table, defining the
state transitions using sequential logic, and ensuring that the timing logic. Additionally, I am
responsible for integrating the left-turn signals for both directions, which added complexity
and originality to the design.

II. THE ADDITIONAL LOGIC


We have designed two applications aimed at improving and upgrading the existing traffic light control
systems to enhance both traffic efficiency and safety. The first application focuses on optimizing the
response of traffic signals to pedestrian crossing buttons, ensuring safer pedestrian crossings while
minimizing delays for vehicles due to inefficient signal timings. The second application is designed to
prioritize emergency vehicles, allowing traffic lights to swiftly switch to provide clear passage during
emergencies, thus reducing response times. These applications utilize intelligent control strategies to
upgrade the capabilities of current traffic systems, ultimately improving urban traffic flow and overall
safety.

A. Analysis of Pedestrian Button and Emergency Vehicle Priority


The behavior of right-turning vehicles is not considered, as they yield to pedestrians independently of
traffic lights. Thus, the logic for pedestrian button controls only includes six conditions under which
pedestrians can cross. In each case, the system defines the necessary states for safe pedestrian passage.
For emergency vehicles, right turns are also not considered.

B. Logic of Pedestrian Button and Emergency Vehicle Priority


1) Pedestrian Button
a) The next active state is activated only if the button is activated before this. This means that if
the activation button is activated in the “Can be activated” state, it is not activated immediately,
but needs to wait until the next “Can be activated” state is activated
b) No buttons. It changes according to the car’s traffic lights. Whenever it can be green, it will turn
green; it should be red, it will be red.
c) After pressing the button, the next state becomes the state that the sidewalk can pass and the
green light, and the next state becomes the next state of the initial state.
2) Emergency Vehicle Priority
When an emergency vehicle is detected, the system immediately switches all traffic lights to a
yellow delay state and then to a state that prioritizes the emergency vehicle's movement. Afterward,
the system reverts to its previous traffic state. If the current state already supports the emergency
vehicle’s path, the state is extended for a delay period. This system aims to prioritize emergency
vehicle movement effectively while minimizing disruption to regular traffic.
C. Truth Table

The system handles three types of pedestrian buttons and one type of emergency vehicle input. The
pedestrian buttons are Nwe: Button between W and E on the north side; Swe: Button between W and E
on the south side; Wns: Button between N and S on the west side; Ens: Button between N and S on the
east side.
The truth table one below defines the state transitions of sidewalk options A and B.
TABLE I
TRANSITIONS OF SIDEWALK OPTIONS A AND B

The truth table below defines a partial state transition for sidewalk options c, where the input is Nwe.
TABLE II
TRANSITIONS OF SIDEWALK OPTIONS C

The following truth table defines a partial state transition for the emergency vehicle, where the input is
ew.
TABLE III
TRANSITIONS OF EMERGENCY VEHICLE
This logic ensures that the input of pedestrians and emergency vehicles is effectively managed, while
minimizing interference between different traffic flows and improving the efficiency of pedestrian and
emergency vehicles.

III. Basic traffic light circuit design


This is the circuit of a traffic light system with an interval of 30 seconds between red and green
lights and 5 seconds between yellow lights. At the beginning, the red light is running in the east and
west, the green light is running in the north and south, and after 30 seconds, the yellow light is
running, the green light is running in the east and west, the red light is running in the north and south,
and so on.

a. Counter section
First, I use two reversible counters with its down function to achieve the purpose of countdown.
when the down function 's output is pulse, the up function is on high level, then the counters can
achieve subtraction function.
b. 555 Timer
Then, the subtraction function counts down the second pulse generated by the multi-resonant swing
circuit composed of 555 timers. At the beginning, the two output is 00. When its load alphanumeric
port is low, outputs equal inputs. By controlling input word port, input part controls the countdown
time.

c. Traffic light switching and timing system


We think that there are four traffic lights in two directions. We looked at the green light and the
yellow light as a whole and looked at the time of the red light as the sum of the time of the green
light and the yellow light. Therefore, the judgment only determines that the green light and yellow
light main and secondary roads have two yellow and green lights, a total of four states. We use the
alphanumeric port of a quaternary counter (0~3) to access the pulse end of the counter and use an
encoder where the inputs are all zeros and the Y0 output is zero and the other outputs are high.
Besides, if the input is 1, Y1 will be 0 and so on Y0, 1, 2,3 will be 0. To sum up, we can control the
alphanumeric end of the reversible counter with 4 zeros.
d. The light control system
Combining the timer system above, Y0 is a north-south green light Y1 is a north-south green light
Y2 is an east-west greenlight and the red light is equivalent to the yellow light plus the green light.

IV. Interference
The interference section checks any possible interference like mass pedestrian crossing and emergency
vehicles, then turns all traffic lights in all directions to red to make sure pedestrians and emergency
vehicles can traverse through.

a. basic circuit
The graph below shows the basic traffic light circuit simulated in Simulink, where the clock generates
time signal and is modulated by 30 to give a cycle of 30 seconds. This 30 second is divided into 3
periods representing 3 colours of the traffic light.
b. the interference
A uniform random number generator is used to generate a signal representing the emergency. The
duration of this signal is arbitrarily set to 5 seconds.

c. After the interference


After the interference, the original signal restarts to mitigate any possible confusion lead by the
emergency, and normal pedestrian light will keep red for some extra time to keep people safe.

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