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Projectine Motion - Launched at An Angle

The document discusses projectile motion, specifically focusing on objects launched at an angle. It covers key concepts such as maximum height, time of flight, and maximum horizontal displacement, providing equations and methods to derive these values. Additionally, it includes practice tasks to compute range and height for projectiles launched at different angles.

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14 views4 pages

Projectine Motion - Launched at An Angle

The document discusses projectile motion, specifically focusing on objects launched at an angle. It covers key concepts such as maximum height, time of flight, and maximum horizontal displacement, providing equations and methods to derive these values. Additionally, it includes practice tasks to compute range and height for projectiles launched at different angles.

Uploaded by

carlet.zanjuejamesvalencia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science 9

PROJECTILE MOTION: TYPE II - LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE

The previous lessons established the characteristics of projectile motion using an object launched
horizontally. These characteristics were used to transform the kinematic equations into forms more
suitable for projectile motion. This time, you will explore projectiles launched at an angle.

Key Questions
1. How do the vertical kinematic equations look like for a projectile launched at an angle?
2. How do the horizontal kinematic equations look like for a projectile launched at an angle?
3. What trends can be established in the horizontal and vertical displacements of a projectile
launched at an angle?

TASK 1: Maximum Height (Hmax)

Maximum Vertical Displacement


The maximum vertical displacement is the highest point that a projectile can reach. It is also known as
the maximum height (Hmax). The projectile has no vertical velocity at the maximum height (vfy at Hmax
= 0). It momentarily stops before it starts to descend. Using this information, manipulate Equation 2
of the Kinematic Equations to derive the expression for the maximum height. Use the statements in
the first column of Table 1 below as clues:

Statements Mathematical Expression

Original form of Equation 2. 𝑣𝑓𝑦 2 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 2 + 2 g 𝑑𝑦

Use “Hmax” instead of dy to indicate maximum


vertical displacement.

Since vy = 0 m/s at Hmax, the left side of the


equation becomes zero.

Express g as -9.8 m/s2. g = - 9.8 m/s2

Manipulate the equation to isolate Hmax.


Note: The negative signs will be canceled.

9.8 m/s2 is the magnitude of g. So, it can be


written as g.

Remember, in the final equation of Hmax, g is simply the magnitude of g because the negative signs
were already canceled. Also, notice that the final expression of the H max shows that the maximum
vertical displacement is dependent on the angle of the initial velocity.

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TASK 2: Discussion on the Time of Flight

Time of Flight
There are two concepts regarding time that is of concern for projectiles launched at an angle—the
time of ascent and descent and the total time of flight.
The time of ascent (tascent) is the time it takes the projectile to reach Hmax from its starting position. The
time of descent (tdescent) is the time it takes the projectile to go back to the level of its starting position
from Hmax. By deduction, the time of ascent is equal to the time of descent (tascent = tdescent). The total
time of flight (T) is the time it takes for the projectile to reach H max and go back to the same level as its
starting position.

The total time of flight is simply the sum of time of ascent and time of descent (T = tascent = tdescent).
Since time of ascent is equal to the time of descent, the total time of flight is simply twice of either
time of ascent or time of descent (T = 2tascent or T = 2tdescent). To find an expression for time of flight
(either ascent or descent), the information that the vertical velocity is zero at the maximum can still
be used to transform the vertical Kinematic Equation 1, as shown in Table 2 below.

Statements Mathematical Expression

Original form of Equation 1. 𝑣𝑓𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 + g t

Specify that the time in consideration here is


the time of ascent.

Since this is ascent, the final vertical velocity is


the velocity at Hmax, which is zero. Hence, vfy =
0.

Express g as -9.8 m/s2. g = - 9.8 m/s2

Manipulate the equation to isolate tascent.


Note: The negative signs will be canceled.

Since tascent = tdescent, the expression is also


applicable for tdescent.

The total time of flight (T) is simply the sum of


tascent and tdescent.

Since tascent = tdescent, T could also be expressed


as twice of either tascent or tdescent.

Remember in the final equation of tascent or tdescent, g is simply the magnitude of g because the negative
signs were already canceled. The final expression of the time of flight is dependent on the angle of
projection.

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TASK 3: Horizontal Distance (Maximum Range)

Maximum Horizontal Displacement


The maximum horizontal displacement is the farthest point that the projectile can land from its base.
It is also known as the range (R). Its equation can be derived from the definition of velocity.

Since the x-component of the initial velocity is 𝑣𝑖𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 cos 𝜃, this value will remain unchanged as the
projectile rises and falls. The figure below shows how the initial horizontal velocity is maintained all
throughout the flight of the projectile.

Figure 1: Initial horizontal velocity of the projectile remains the same.

Statements Mathematical Expression


The velocity along the x-axis does not change.
So, horizontal velocity is the same as the initial 𝑣𝑖𝑥 = 𝑣𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃
velocity, which is also equal to 𝑣𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃.
Velocity is the change in position over time
interval.

Original form of kinematic equation 3.

Manipulate the equation to isolate horizontal


distance.

Notice that the final expression of the range shows that the maximum horizontal displacement is
dependent on the angle of the initial velocity.

REVIEW:
Equation for Horizontal Component

Equation for Vertical Component

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TASK 4: Let’s Practice!

This part of this activity is a practice on using the formulae derived above and in finding patterns.
1. Compute for the range and maximum height of the projectiles launched at different angles.
2. For easier computation, assume that vi = 10 m/s and g = 9.8 m/s2.
3. Fill-out the table below with the computed values.

Guide Questions:
1. At what angle did the projectile reach the farthest range?

2. At what angle did the projectile reach the maximum height

3. What other patterns did you notice?

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