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Os 05

CPU scheduling is a vital process that determines the order and priority of processes using the CPU to enhance system efficiency. Key criteria for evaluating CPU scheduling algorithms include CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, response time, and priority. Choosing the right scheduling algorithm based on specific factors is essential for optimal system performance.

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3 views3 pages

Os 05

CPU scheduling is a vital process that determines the order and priority of processes using the CPU to enhance system efficiency. Key criteria for evaluating CPU scheduling algorithms include CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, response time, and priority. Choosing the right scheduling algorithm based on specific factors is essential for optimal system performance.

Uploaded by

racaf53971
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CPU Scheduling Criteria

CPU scheduling is essential for the system’s performance and ensures that processes are executed
correctly and on time. Different CPU scheduling algorithms have other properties and the choice of
a particular algorithm depends on various factors. Many criteria have been suggested for comparing
CPU scheduling algorithms.

What is CPU scheduling?


CPU Scheduling is a process that allows one process to use the CPU while another process is
delayed due to unavailability of any resources such as I / O etc, thus making full use of the CPU. In
short, CPU scheduling decides the order and priority of the processes to run and allocates the CPU
time based on various parameters such as CPU usage, throughput, turnaround, waiting time, and
response time. The purpose of CPU Scheduling is to make the system more efficient, faster, and
fairer.

Criteria of CPU Scheduling


CPU scheduling criteria, such as turnaround time, waiting time, and throughput, are essential
metrics used to evaluate the efficiency of scheduling algorithms.

Now let’s discuss CPU Scheduling has several criteria. Some of them are mentioned below.

1. CPU utilization
The main objective of any CPU scheduling algorithm is to keep the CPU as busy as possible.
Theoretically, CPU utilization can range from 0 to 100 but in a real-time system, it varies from 40
to 90 percent depending on the load upon the system.

2. Throughput
A measure of the work done by the CPU is the number of processes being executed and completed
per unit of time. This is called throughput. The throughput may vary depending on the length or
duration of the processes.
CPU Scheduling Criteria

3. Turnaround Time
For a particular process, an important criterion is how long it takes to execute that process. The
time elapsed from the time of submission of a process to the time of completion is known as the
turnaround time. Turn-around time is the sum of times spent waiting to get into memory, waiting in
the ready queue, executing in CPU, and waiting for I/O.

Turn Around Time = Completion Time – Arrival Time.

4. Waiting Time
A scheduling algorithm does not affect the time required to complete the process once it starts
execution. It only affects the waiting time of a process i.e. time spent by a process waiting in the
ready queue.

Waiting Time = Turnaround Time – Burst Time.

5. Response Time
In an interactive system, turn-around time is not the best criterion. A process may produce some
output fairly early and continue computing new results while previous results are being output to
the user. Thus another criterion is the time taken from submission of the process of the request until
the first response is produced. This measure is called response time.

Response Time = CPU Allocation Time(when the CPU was allocated for the first) – Arrival
Time

6. Completion Time
The completion time is the time when the process stops executing, which means that the process
has completed its burst time and is completely executed.
7. Priority
If the operating system assigns priorities to processes, the scheduling mechanism should favor the
higher-priority processes.

8. Predictability
A given process always should run in about the same amount of time under a similar system load.

Importance of Selecting the Right CPU Scheduling Algorithm


for Specific Situations
It is important to choose the correct CPU scheduling algorithm because different algorithms have
different priorities for different CPU scheduling criteria.Different algorithms have different
strengths and weaknesses. Choosing the wrong CPU scheduling algorithm in a given situation can
result in suboptimal performance of the system.

Example: Here are some examples of CPU scheduling algorithms that work well in different
situations.

Round Robin scheduling algorithm works well in a time-sharing system where tasks have to be
completed in a short period of time. SJF scheduling algorithm works best in a batch processing
system where shorter jobs have to be completed first in order to increase throughput.Priority
scheduling algorithm works better in a real-time system where certain tasks have to be prioritized
so that they can be completed in a timely manner.

Factors Influencing CPU Scheduling Algorithms


There are many factors that influence the choice of CPU scheduling algorithm. Some of them are
listed below.

The number of processes.


The processing time required.
The urgency of tasks.
The system requirements.

Selecting the correct algorithm will ensure that the system will use system resources efficiently,
increase productivity, and improve user satisfaction.

CPU Scheduling Algorithms


There are several CPU Scheduling Algorithms, that are listed below.

Conclusion
In Conclusion, CPU scheduling criteria play an important role in improving system performance.
CPU scheduling techniques encourage efficient use of system resource and effective task
processing by analysing and prioritising criteria such as CPU Utilization, Throughput, Turnaround
Time, Waiting Time, and Response Time. Selecting the appropriate algorithm for a given situation
is crucial for increasing system efficiency and production.

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