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CHAPTER
Differentiation
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
2.3 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE POWER
RULE
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
2.5 THE CHAIN RULE
2.6 DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
2.7 DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
2.8 IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION AND INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Slide 2
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
DEFINITION 2.2
Slide 3
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
DEFINITION 2.2
The derivative of the function f is the function f’ given by
The domain of f is the set of all x’s for which this limit
exists.
The process of computing a derivative is called
differentiation. Further, f is differentiable on an open
interval I if it is differentiable at every point in I .
Slide 4
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
EXAMPLE 2.5 Sketching the Graph of f’ Given the
Graph of f
Given the graph of f in the
figure, sketch a plausible
graph of f’.
Keep in mind that the value
of the derivative function at
a point is the slope of the
tangent line at that point.
Slide 5
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
EXAMPLE 2.5 Sketching the Graph of f’ Given the
Graph of f
Solution
Slide 6
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
Alternative Derivative Notations
If we write y = f (x), the following are all alternatives for
denoting the derivative:
The expression
is called a differential operator and tells us to take the
derivative of whatever expression follows.
Slide 7
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
THEOREM 2.1
If f is differentiable at x = a, then f is continuous at x = a.
Note that Theorem 2.1 says that if a function is not
continuous at a point, then it cannot have a derivative at
that point.
It also turns out that functions are not differentiable at
any point where their graph has a “sharp” corner, as is
the case for f (x) = |x| at x = 0.
Slide 8
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
Examples of Points of Non-Differentiability
Slide 9
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE
Examples of Points of Non-Differentiability
Slide 10
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
THEOREM 3.1 (Power Rule)
Slide 11
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
THEOREM 3.2 (General Power Rule)
Slide 12
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.2 Using the General Power Rule
Slide 13
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.2 Using the General Power Rule
Solution
(a)
(b)
(c)
Slide 14
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
THEOREM 3.3
Slide 15
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.3 Finding the Derivative of a Sum
Slide 16
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.3 Finding the Derivative of a Sum
Solution
Slide 17
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.4 Rewriting a Function before Computing
the Derivative
Slide 18
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.4 Rewriting a Function before Computing
the Derivative
Solution
Slide 19
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
Higher Order Derivatives
We can compute the derivative of a derivative.
It turns out that such higher order derivatives have
important applications.
We can compute the derivative of f’, called the second
derivative of f and written f’’. We can then compute
the derivative of f’’, called the third derivative of f,
written f’’’.
Slide 20
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
Higher Order Derivatives
Slide 21
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.6 Computing Higher Order Derivatives
Slide 22
COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
EXAMPLE 3.6 Computing Higher Order Derivatives
Solution
Slide 23
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
Product Rule
The derivative of a product is not generally the product of
the corresponding derivatives.
Slide 24
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
THEOREM 4.1 (Product Rule)
Slide 25
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
EXAMPLE 4.1 Using the Product Rule
Slide 8
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
EXAMPLE 4.1 Using the Product Rule
Solution
Slide 27
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
Quotient Rule
Note that
Generally, the derivative of a quotient is not the quotient
of the derivatives.
Slide 28
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
THEOREM 4.2 (Quotient Rule)
Slide 29
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
EXAMPLE 4.3 Using the Quotient Rule
Slide 12
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
EXAMPLE 4.3 Using the Quotient Rule
Solution
Slide 31
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
EXAMPLE 4.4 A Case Where the Product and Quotient
Rules Are Not Needed
Slide 32
2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
EXAMPLE 4.4 A Case Where the Product and Quotient
Rules Are Not Needed
Solution
(Although it may be tempting to use the product rule for
the first term and the quotient rule for the second term,
notice that it’s simpler to first rewrite the function.)
Slide 33
2.5 THE CHAIN RULE
THEOREM 5.1 (Chain Rule)
If y = f (u) and u = g(x), then y = f (g(x)), and the chain
rule is
Slide 34
2.5 THE CHAIN RULE
EXAMPLE 5.1 Using the Chain Rule
Slide 35
2.5 THE CHAIN RULE
EXAMPLE 5.1 Using the Chain Rule
Solution
Slide 36
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
Derivatives of the Trigonometric Functions
The derivatives of the remaining trigonometric functions
are left as exercises. The derivatives of all six trigonometric
functions are summarized below.
Slide 37
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.1 A Derivative That Requires the Product
Rule
Slide 38
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.1 A Derivative That Requires the Product
Rule
Solution
Slide 39
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.3 The Derivatives of Some Similar
Trigonometric Functions
Slide 40
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.3 The Derivatives of Some Similar
Trigonometric Functions
Slide 41
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.3 The Derivatives of Some Similar
Trigonometric Functions
Solution
Slide 42
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.3 The Derivatives of Some Similar
Trigonometric Functions
Solution
Slide 43
DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC
2.6
FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6.3 The Derivatives of Some Similar
Trigonometric Functions
Solution
Slide 44
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
THEOREM 7.1
Slide 45
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
THEOREM 7.2
Slide 46
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
THEOREM 7.2
Slide 47
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 7.2 The Chain Rule With Exponential
Functions
Find the derivative of
Slide 48
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 7.2 The Chain Rule With Exponential
Functions
Find the derivative of
Slide 49
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 7.2 The Chain Rule With Exponential
Functions
Solution
Using the chain rule, we get
Slide 50
DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL AND
2.7
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 7.2 The Chain Rule With Exponential
Functions
Solution
Using the product rule and chain rule, we get
Slide 51
