SHAHAJIRAO PATIL VIKAS PRATISHTHAN’S

S. B. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, INDAPUR

AN MINI PROJECT ON
“VIRTUAL MACHNE CREATION”

SUBMITTED BY

SHIVANI SOMNATH DOLE

Under the GUIDENCE OF

PROF. P. N. SHINDE

IN PARTIAL FULDILMENT OF
TE IN COMPUERT ENGINEERING

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNICAL

This is to certify that the Mini Project entitled

SUBMITTED BY

Shivani Somnath Dole

Has been successfully completed as per the requirements of the Savitribai

Prof. P. N. Shinde Dr. S. T. Shirkande Dr. S. T. Shirkande

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) stands as a cloud-based service offering scalable
computing power. It empowers users to lease virtual machines, referred to as instances, for executing
their applications. These EC2 instances mirror physical servers but reside in the cloud, presenting
advantages in flexibility, scalability, and cost efficiency.

Within the realm of cloud computing, virtual machines (VMs) hold pivotal significance. VMs
represent software-based renditions of physical computers, executing an operating system and
various applications. Their creation involves segmenting a physical server into numerous isolated
virtual environments, each endowed with its own operating system and resource allocation.

AWS EC2 provides numerous advantages in virtual machine

• Scalability: EC2 empowers users to adjust computing resources in line with demand
fluctuations. Users possess the ability to effortlessly scale instances up or down, ensuring
optimal performance and cost-effectiveness.

• Flexibility: EC2 presents a diverse array of instance types, differing in CPU, memory,
storage, and networking capabilities. Users enjoy the freedom to select the instance type
tailored to their application requirements, ranging from general-purpose instances for
standard workloads to specialized ones optimized for tasks like high-performance computing
or machine learning.

• Cost-effectiveness: Utilizing EC2 incurs expenses solely based on the compute capacity
consumed, charged on either an hourly or per-second basis. There are no upfront fees or
prolonged commitments. EC2's pay-as-you-go pricing model enables users to fine-tune costs
by adjusting resources as necessary, and leveraging cost-saving opportunities such as
reserved instances or spot instances.
Setting Up an AWS Account

To initiate using AWS EC2, it's necessary for users to register for an AWS account if they
haven't already done so. Creating an AWS account is free and requires only a valid email address and
a method of payment.
Once signed up, users will have access to the AWS Management Console, which allows them
to oversee their AWS resources and services. It's critical to grasp the fundamental concepts of AWS
Identity and Access Management (IAM) to effectively manage access and permissions within the
AWS account.

IAM allows users to dictate who can access their AWS resources and the actions they are
permitted to perform. Users have the ability to establish IAM users and groups, set permissions
policies to allow or restrict access to specific AWS resources, and utilize roles to delegate access to
other users or services.

Launching a Virtual Machine (EC2 Instance):

Initiating an EC2 instance is simple via the AWS Management Console. Users should follow these
detailed steps:

1. Log into the AWS Management Console and proceed to the EC2 dashboard.
2. Press the "Launch Instance" button to begin the process of creating an instance.
3. Select an Amazon Machine Image (AMI), which includes the necessary operating system
and software configurations for the instance.
4. Choose an instance type that meets your application's needs, such as CPU power, memory,
and storage capacity.
5. Adjust instance specifics like network configurations, security groups, and storage settings.
6. Finalize and launch the instance, with the option to add advanced settings such as user data
scripts or monitoring capabilities.
Accessing the EC2 Instance:
After the EC2 instance is operational, users must connect to it to execute tasks or deploy applications.
Access typically involves using SSH (for Linux instances) or RDP (for Windows instances) for
remote connections.

To connect to a Linux instance via SSH, users must:

1. Retrieve the public IP address or DNS name of the EC2 instance from the AWS
Management Console.
2. Utilize an SSH client (e.g., PuTTY for Windows or Terminal for macOS/Linux) to establish
a connection using the SSH protocol.
3. Authenticate using the private key pair linked to the instance.

For Windows instances, connection can be made via Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) by:

1. Getting the public IP address or DNS name of the EC2 instance from the AWS Management
Console.
2. Connecting using a Remote Desktop client (e.g., Remote Desktop Connection on
Windows).
3. Entering the administrator username and password set during the instance setup.

Users also need to comprehend key pair concepts for SSH authentication. AWS creates a key
pair comprising a public and a private key when an EC2 instance is launched. The private key should
be downloaded and securely stored by the user, while the public key is installed into the instance
automatically. The private key is essential for authentication and securing the connection to the
instance.

Should connectivity problems arise, it's advisable to check the security group and network
ACL settings to verify that the necessary traffic on required ports (e.g., port 22 for SSH or port 3389
for RDP) is permitted.
Operating the EC2 Instance:
Once established, users can execute various operations on the EC2 instance, such as:
• Installing necessary software and dependencies.
• Setting up and deploying applications.
• Managing file systems and directories.
• Monitoring operational performance and resource usage.

Elementary activities like initiating, halting, and terminating EC2 instances are manageable
via the AWS Management Console. Additionally, the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) or SDKs
can be utilized to streamline the management of instance operations.

Resource Monitoring and Management:

• AWS CloudWatch: This monitoring service gathers and analyzes metrics, logs, and events
from EC2 instances and other AWS services. Users have the option to configure alarms to
initiate notifications or automated measures when certain resource usage thresholds are
reached.
• AWS Billing Dashboard: Integrated into the AWS Management Console, this dashboard
allows users to monitor their EC2 instance expenses and usage. It provides detailed billing
reports, helps users examine spending trends, and offers ways to reduce costs through
mechanisms like reserved instances or spot instances.
Demo or Screenshots:

Creating a virtual machine (VM) on the robust and expansive cloud computing platform
provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) involves a systematic and detailed process to ensure the
accurate setup, configuration, and optimization of the virtual machine. This process is designed to
meet specific user requirements and operational goals, facilitating a seamless integration into the
user's cloud infrastructure for optimal performance and scalability.

1. Register for AWS: - If not already done, create an AWS account at AWS
2. Go to EC2: - After logging into the AWS Management Console, proceed to the EC2
section.
3. Initiate Instance: - Press the "Launch Instance" button to start the creation of a new
virtual machine.
4. Select Instance Type: - Choose the instance type that suits your workload needs (e.g.,
t2.micro for simple tests).

5. Generate Key Pair: - If you don't already have a key pair, generate one. This is necessary
for SSH access to your instance.
6. Launch Instance:
- After creating or selecting a key pair, click on "Launch Instances" to start your VM.

7. Connect to Your Instance: - Once the instance is active, connect to it using SSH (for
Linux) or Remote Desktop (for Windows) by utilizing the public IP address or DNS name.
8. Enter Credentials in Remote Desktop: - Input your login credentials.

9. Manage and Monitor Your VM: - Use the AWS Management Console or command-
line tools to oversee and manage your VM, including scaling operations, backups, and
security updates.

10. End Your Instance: - Be sure to terminate your VM when you no longer need it to
prevent unnecessary expenses.
Additional Considerations:
• Cost Factors:

Evaluate the financial aspects of operating a virtual machine on AWS. Reference the pricing
structure for EC2 instances, storage expenses, data transfer charges, and other pertinent fees.
Offer advice on how to minimize costs, such as selecting the optimal instance type and
leveraging reserved or spot instances for financial efficiency.

• Backup and Disaster Preparedness:

Detail plans for data backup and disaster recovery for your virtual machine. Highlight AWS
services such as Amazon S3 for backups and AWS Backup for the centralized coordination
of backups across various AWS services. Networking and Connectivity:

Describe how to set up network configurations for your virtual machine, including the
allocation of Elastic IP addresses, configuring Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), initiating VPN
connections, and forming peering connections between VPCs.

• Optimizing Performance:

Provide recommendations for enhancing the performance of your virtual machine, utilizing
AWS services like Amazon CloudWatch for monitoring, Amazon CloudFront to speed up
content delivery, and Amazon Elastic Load Balancing to distribute incoming network traffic.

Security and Compliance:

Emphasize best practices for securing your virtual machine and maintaining compliance with
regulatory standards. Discuss elements such as AWS Identity and Access Management
(IAM), AWS Key Management Service (KMS) for encryption, and AWS Config for
compliance monitoring.

• Scalability and Reliability:

Discuss strategies for architecting your system for scalability and high availability, including
the implementation of auto-scaling groups, using AWS Elastic Load Balancing to manage
traffic across various instances, and deploying your virtual machine across several
Availability Zones.
 Conclusion:
In summary, setting up a virtual machine on Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers a significant chance
to acquire practical experience with cloud computing infrastructure. Following the instructions in
this guide, you have learned to set up and manage a virtual machine using AWS EC2, from choosing
the right instance type to effectively securing and managing your resources.

Throughout this guide, you have been introduced to critical aspects like cost control, backup and
disaster recovery strategies, networking, enhancing performance, ensuring compliance, and
achieving scalability. These factors are crucial for creating strong, secure, and highly available cloud
architectures.

As you advance in your AWS and cloud computing journey, remain inquisitive, delve into more
complex features and services, and stay updated with industry best practices and trends. AWS
provides an extensive collection of resources, documentation, and community support to aid in your
success.