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Process_flow_diagram

A process flow diagram (PFD) is a visual representation used in chemical and process engineering to illustrate the flow of processes and equipment in a plant. It typically includes major equipment, process piping, and operational data, while excluding minor details like piping line numbers and control instrumentation. PFDs can be generated using software and adhere to standards from organizations such as ISO and ANSI.

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8 views

Process_flow_diagram

A process flow diagram (PFD) is a visual representation used in chemical and process engineering to illustrate the flow of processes and equipment in a plant. It typically includes major equipment, process piping, and operational data, while excluding minor details like piping line numbers and control instrumentation. PFDs can be generated using software and adhere to standards from organizations such as ISO and ANSI.

Uploaded by

MH Bamzadeh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Process flow diagram

A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of
plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show
minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly used term for a PFD isflowsheet.
a

Contents
1 Typical content of a process flow diagram
2 Process flow diagram examples
2.1 Multiple process units within an industrial plant
3 Other items of interest
4 Standards
5 See also
6 Further reading
7 External links

Typical content of a process flow diagram


Typically, process flow diagrams of a single unit process will include the
following:

Process piping
Major equipment items
Control valves and other major valves
Connections with other systems
Major bypass and recirculation (recycle) streams
Operational data (temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, density,
etc.), often by stream references to amass balance.
Process stream names
Process flow diagrams generally do not include:

Pipe classes or piping line numbers


Process control instrumentation (sensors and final elements)
Minor bypass lines
Isolation and shutoff valves
Maintenance vents and drains
Relief and safety valves
Flanges Some typical elements from process flow
diagrams, as provided by theopen source
Process flow diagrams of multiple process units within a large industrial
program, Dia. Click for image legend.
plant will usually contain less detail and may be called block flow diagrams
or schematic flow diagrams.

Process flow diagram examples


The process flow diagram below depicts a single chemical engineering unit process known as an
amine treating plant:
Flow diagram of a typical amine treating process used in
industrial plants

Multiple process units within an industrial plant


The process flow diagram below is an example of a schematic or block flow diagram and depicts the various unit processes within a
typical oil refinery:
A typical oil refinery-SL

Other items of interest


A PFD can be computer generated from process simulators (see List of Chemical Process Simulators), CAD packages, or flow chart
software using a library of chemical engineering symbols. Rules and symbols are available from standardization organizations such
as DIN, ISO or ANSI. Often PFDs are produced on large sheets of paper.

PFDs of many commercial processes can be found in the literature, specifically in encyclopedias of chemical technology, although
some might be outdated. To find recent ones, patent databases such as those available from the United States Patent and Trademark
Office can be useful.

Standards
ISO 10628: Flow Diagrams For Process Plants - General Rules
ANSI Y32.11: Graphical Symbols For Process Flow Diagrams (withdrawn 2003)
SAA AS 1109: Graphical Symbols For Process Flow Diagrams For The Food Industry

See also
Hazop
Piping and instrumentation diagram(P&ID)

Further reading
Raymond E. Kirk & Donald F. Othmer (2001). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical T echnology (4th ed.). Wiley-
Interscience. ISBN 0471419613.
M.S. Ray & M.G. Sneesby (1998).Chemical Engineering Design Project: A Case Study Approach(2nd ed.). Gordan
and Breach Science Publishers.ISBN 9056991361.
R. Turton; R.C. Bailie; W.B. Whiting; J.S. Shaeiwitz (2002).Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes
(2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.ISBN 0-13-064792-6.
Fritz Ullmann (2002). Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (6th ed.). Wiley-VCH.ISBN 3-527-30385-5.
Srikumar Koyikkal (2013).Chemical Process Technology and Simulation (1st ed.). Prentice Hall India.ISBN 978-81-
203-4709-0.

External links
Process Flow Sheet
The PFD at The Engineering Tool Box
Simplified process flowsheets and flow diagrams of process industries.Development of new integration methods and
model flow diagrams.

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This page was last edited on 21 August 2017, at 08:54.

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