LÊ VĂN CHÁNH

The mystery of

CALCULUS
FT
RA
D

III

6-2020
 Lê Văn Chánh - k [email protected] University of Science

Tóm tắt nội dung

This document is a set of problems selected from [Ste16] Stewart, James. Calculus: early transcendentals
8th edition. Cengage Learning, 2016 and various other sources.

FT
RA
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Contents

Topic 1. Functions of One Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Topic 2. Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Topic 3. Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Topic 4. Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Topic 5. Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Bibliography FT 26
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Topic 1. Functions of One Variable

Functions
Exercise 1

Find the domain of the function.

x+4 1
a) f (x) = . e) h(x) = √ .
x2 − 9 4
x2 − 5x
2x3 − 5
b) f (x) = . u+1
x2 + x − 6 f) f (u) =
√ 1 .
1 + u+1
c) f (t) = 3 2t − 1.
√ √ » √
d) g(t) = 3−t− 2 + t. g) F (p) = 2 − p.

Piecewise defined functions

Exercise 2

Evaluate f (−3), f (0), and f (2) for the piecewise defined function. Then sketch the graph of the
function.
FT

 
x + 2 if x < 0, x + 1 if x ⩽ −1,
 
RA

a) f (x) = c) f (x) =
1 − x

if x ⩾ 0. x2

if x > −1.
D

 
3 − 1 x

if x < 2, −1

if x ⩽ 1,
b) f (x) = 2 d) f (x) =
2x − 5

if x ⩾ 2. 7 − 2x

if x > 1.

Exercise 3

Sketch the graph of the function.

a) f (x) = x + |x|. d) h(t) = |t| + |t + 1|.


|x| if |x| ⩽ 1,

b) f (x) = |x + 2|. e) f (x) =
1 if |x| > 1.


c) g(t) = |1 − 3t|. f) g(x) = ||x| − 1|

Exercise 4 Piecewise defined functions

1) A cell phone plan has a basic charge of $35 a month. The plan includes 400 free minutes and
charges 10 cents for each additional minute of usage. Write the monthly cost C as a function of
the number x of minutes used and graph C as a function of x for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 600.

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2) In a certain state the maximum speed permitted on freeways is 65mi/h and the minimum speed
is 40mi/h. The fine for violating these limits is $15 for every mile per hour above the maximum
speed or below the minimum speed. Express the amount of the fine F as a function of the
driving speed x and graph F (x) for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 100.

3) An electricity company charges its customers a base rate of $10 a month, plus 6 cents per kilowatt-
hour (kWh) for the first 1200 kWh and 7 cents per kWh for all usage over 1200 kWh . Express
the monthly cost E as a function of the amount x of electricity used. Then graph the function E
for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2000.

4) In a certain country, income tax is assessed as follows. There is no tax on income up to $10, 000.
Any income over $10, 000 is taxed at a rate of 10%, up to an income of $20, 000. Any income over
$20,000 is taxed at 15%.

(a) Sketch the graph of the tax rate R as a function of the income I.

(b) How much tax is assessed on an income of $14, 000 ? On $26, 000 ?

(c) Sketch the graph of the total assessed tax T as a function of the income I.

Composite functions
FT
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Exercise 5
D

Use the table to evaluate each expression.

a) f (g(1)). c) f (f (1)). e) (g ◦ f )(3).

b) g(f (1)). d) g(g(1)). f) (f ◦ g)(6).

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
f (x) 3 1 4 2 2 5
g(x) 6 3 2 1 2 3

Exercise 6

Find the functions (a) f ◦ g, (b) g ◦ f , (c) f ◦ f , and (d) g ◦ g and their domains.

a) f (x) = 3x + 5, g(x) = x2 + x. d) f (x) = sin x, g(x) = x2 + 1.

1 x+1
b) f (x) = x3 − 2, g(x) = 1 − 4x. e) f (x) = x + , g(x) = .
x x+2
√ x
c) f (x) = x + 1, g(x) = 4x − 3. f) f (x) = , g(x) = sin 2x.
1+x

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Exercise 7

Find f ◦ g ◦ h.

a) f (x) = 3x − 2, g(x) = sin x, h(x) = x2 .

√
b) f (x) = |x − 4|, g(x) = 2x , h(x) = x.
√
c) f (x) = x − 3, g(x) = x2 , h(x) = x3 + 2.
x √
3
d) f (x) = tan x, g(x) = , h(x) = x.
x−1

Exercise 8
x
Let f (x) = √ . Find fn (x) = f (f (. . . f (x))).
x2 + 1 | {z }
n times

Inverse functions
Exercise 9

Find a formula for the inverse of the function.

√
a) f (x) = 1 + 2 + 3x. d) f (x) = e2x−1 .
FT
RA

x+1 e) y = ln(x + 3).

b) f (x) = .
2x + 1
D

1 − e−x
4x − 1 f) y = .
c) f (x) = . 1 + e−x
2x + 3

Exercise 10

If f (x) = 2x + ln x, find f −1 (2).

Exercise 11

The population of a certain species in a limited environment with initial population 100 and carrying
capacity 1000 is

100, 000
P (t) =
100 + 900e−t
where t is measured in years.

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g)
a) (Using CAS) Graph this function and estimate meaning.
how long it takes for the population to reach
c) Use the inverse function to find the time re-
900 .
quired for the population to reach 900 . Com-
b) Find the inverse of this function and explain its pare with the result of part (a).

Topic 2. Limit

Problem 1

Evaluate the limit, if it exists.

x2 − 6x + 5 t4 − 1
Å ã
1 1
1) lim . 10) lim 3 . 18) lim √ − .
x→5 x−5 t→1 t − 1 t→0 t 1 + t t
x2 + 3x √ √
2) lim . 9+h−3 x2 + 9 − 5
x→−3 x2 − x − 12 11) lim . 19) lim .
h→0 h x→−4 x+4
x2 − 5x + 6 √
3) lim . 4u + 1 − 3 (x + h)3 − x3
x→5 x−5 12) lim . 20) lim .
u→2 u−2 h→0 h
x2 + 3x
4) lim . 1 1 1
x→4 x2 − x − 12 − 13 −
FT

x (x+h)2 x2
13) lim . 21) lim .
x→3 x − 3 h
t2 − 9 h→0
RA

5) lim 2 . √ √ √
t→−3 2t + 7t + 3 3
1+t− 1−t 1 + cx − 1
D

14) lim . 22) lim , c ∈ R.

2x2+ 3x + 1 t→0 t x→0 x
6) lim .
x→−1 x2 − 2x − 3 √
(3 + h)−1 − 3−1 6−x−2
(−5 + h)2 − 25 15) lim . 23) lim √ .
7) lim . h→0 h x→2 3−x−1
h→0 h √ √
4− x 3
x−1
(2 + h)3 − 8 16) lim . 24) lim √ .
8) lim . x→16 16x − x2 x→1 x−1
h→0 h
Å ã
x+2 1 1 |2x − 1| − |2x + 1|
9) lim . 17) lim − 2 . 25) lim .
x→−2 x3 + 8 t→0 t t +t x→0 x
Problem 2

f (x) − 8
1) If lim = 10, find lim f (x).
x→1 x − 1 x→1

f (x)
2) If lim = 5, find the following limits.
x→0 x2

(i) lim f (x). f (x)

x→0 (ii) lim .
x→0 x

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Problem 3
√
ax + b − 2
a) Find numbers a and b such that lim = 1.
x→0 x
b) Is there a number a such that

3x2 + ax + a + 3
lim
x→−2 x2 + x − 2

exists? If so, find the value of a and the value of the limit.

Problem 4

Find the limit, if it exists. If the limit does not exist, explain why.

x+1 2x − 1 4−v
1) lim . 12) lim . 23) lim .
x→5+ x−5 x→0.5− |2x3 − x2 | v→4+ |4 − v|
x+1 2 − |x| u4 − 1
2) lim . 13) lim . 24) lim .
x→5− x−5 x→−2 2 + x u→1 u3 + 5u2 − 6u

2−x
Å
1 1
ã √
3) lim . 14) lim − . x+6−x
x→1 (x − 1)2 x→0− x |x| 25) lim .
x→3 x3 − 3x2
√ Å
1 1
ã
√
FT

x 15) lim − . x2 − 9
4) lim . x→0+ x |x| 26) lim .
x→3− (x − 3)5
RA

x→∞ 2x − 6
3 −x
16) lim ex . √
5) lim ln x2 − 9 .


x2 − 9
D

x→1
x→3+ 27) lim .
x→−∞ 2x − 6
x2 − 9
6) lim ln(sin x). 17) lim .
x→0+ x→3 x2 + 2x − 3 28) lim ln(sin x).
x→π −
−9 x2
7) lim cot x. 18) lim 2 .
x→π − x→−3 x + 2x − 3 1 − 2x2 − x4
29) lim .
x→−∞ 5 + x − 3x4
x2 − 2x x2 − 9
8) lim . 19) lim . Äp ä
x→2− x2 − 4x + 4 x→1+ x2 + 2x − 3 30) lim x2 + 4x + 1 − x .
x→∞
x2 − 2x − 8 (h − 1)3 + 1
9) lim 2 . 20) lim . 31) lim ex−x .
2

x→2+ x − 5x + 6
h→0 h x→∞

−4t2
10) lim (2x + |x − 3|). 21) lim . 32) lim tan−1 (1/x).
x→3 t→2 t3
−8 x→0+
√
2x + 12 r
Å ã
1 1
11) lim . 22) lim . 33) lim + .
x→−6 |x + 6| r→9 (r − 9)4 x→1 x − 1 x2 − 3x + 2

Problem 5

1) If 4x − 9 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ x2 − 4x + 7 for x ⩾ 0, find lim f (x).

x→4

2) If 2x ⩽ g(x) ⩽ x4 − x2 + 2 for all x, evaluate lim g(x).

x→1

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2
3) Prove that lim x4 cos = 0.
x→0 x
√ sin(π/x)
4) Prove that lim xe .
x→0+

5) Find lim x2 cos 1/x2 .

x→0

Problem 6

The signum (or sign) function, denoted by sgn, is defined by


−1 if x < 0



sgn x = 0 if x = 0



1 if x > 0


(a) Sketch the graph of this function.

(b) Find each of the following limits or explain why it does not exist.

(i) lim sgn x. (iii) lim sgn x.

x→0+ x→0

(ii) lim sgn x. (iv) lim | sgn x|.

x→0− x→0
FT

Problem 7
RA

Let
D


x2 + 1

if x < 1
f (x) =
(x − 2)2

if x ⩾ 1

(a) Find lim f (x) and lim f (x).

x→1− x→1+
(b) Does lim f (x) exist?
x→1
(c) Sketch the graph of f .

Problem 8

Let

x if x < 1,






3 if x = 1,

g(x) =
2 − x2 if 1 < x ⩽ 2,







x − 3

if x > 2.

(a) Evaluate each of the following, if it exists.

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(i) lim g(x). (iv) lim g(x).

x→1− x→2−

(ii) lim g(x). (v) lim g(x).

x→1 x→2+

(iii) g(1). (vi) lim g(x).

x→2

(b) Sketch the graph of g.

Topic 3. Continuous

Problem 9

Explain why the function is discontinuous at the given number a. Sketch the graph of the function.

1

(i) f (x) = , a = −2. 
cos x if x < 0
x+2 


 (v) f (x) = 0 if x = 0 , a = 0.
 1
 if x ̸= −2 
(ii) f (x) = x + 2

, a = −2.

1 − x2

 if x > 0
1 if x = −2


 
FT

x3 + 1

if x < 1,
x + 3 if x ⩽ −1

(iii) f (x) = , a = −1. (vi) f (x) = √ a = 1.
RA

 x+3 if x ≥ 1,

2x

if x > −1
D

 2
 x − x if x ̸= 1

 x sin 1

if x ̸= 0,
2
(iv) f (x) = x − 1 , a = 1. (vii) f (x) = x , a = 0.
if x = 1 if x = 0,

1 0


Problem 10

The gravitational force exerted by the planet Earth on a unit mass at a distance r from the center of the
planet is

 GM r if r < R

F (r) = R3
GM
if r ⩾ R


r2
where M is the mass of Earth, R is its radius, and G is the gravitational constant. Is F a continuous
function of r ?

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Problem 11

(i) For what value of the constant c is the function f continuous on (−∞, ∞) ?


cx2 + 2x

if x < 2,
f (x) =
x3 − cx

if x ⩾ 2.

(ii) Find the values of a and b that make f continuous everywhere.


x2 − 4
if x < 2,



 x−2


f (x) = ax2 − bx + 3 if 2, ⩽ x < 3,




2x − a + b

if x ⩾ 3.

Problem 12

Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there is a root of the given equation in the specified
interval.

(i) x4 + x − 3 = 0, (1, 2)
FT

√
(ii) ln x = x − x, (2, 3)
RA
D

(iii) ex = 3 − 2x, (0, 1)

(iv) sin x = x2 − x, (1, 2)

Problem 13

A Tibetan monk leaves the monastery at 7:00 AM and takes his usual path to the top of the mountain,
arriving at 7:00 PM. The following morning, he starts at 7:00 AM at the top and takes the same path
back, arriving at the monastery at 7:00 PM. Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there is
a point on the path that the monk will cross at exactly the same time of day on both days.

Topic 4. Derivatives

Problem 14

Using the definition of derivative, find f ′ (a).

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√
a) f (x) = 3 − 2x + 4x2 , a = 1. g) f (x) = 3x + 1, a = 1
5x x2 + 1
b) f (x) = , a = 1. h) f (x) = ,a = 1
1 + x3 x−2
c) flesen f (x) = x3 − 5x, a = 2. 1
i) f (x) = √ , a = 1.
x−1 x
d) f (x) = , a = 3.
x−2 2x
√ j) f (x) = , , a = 0.
e) f (x) = x, a = 2. (x + 1)2
2x + 1 1
f) f (x) = , a = 0. k) f (x) = √ , a = 2.
x+3 x+2

Problem 15

Find the derivative of the function using the definition of derivative. State the domain of the function
and the domain of its derivative.

√
a) f (x) = 3x − 8. g) g(x) = 9−x.

b) f (x) = mx + b. x2 − 1
h) f (x) = .
2x − 3
c) f (t) = 2.5t2 + 6t.
1 − 2t
FT

2 i) G(t) = .
d) f (x) = 4 + 8x − 5x . 3+t
RA

e) f (x) = x2 − 2x3 . j) f (x) = x3/2 .

D

1
f) g(t) = √ . k) f (x) = x4 .
t

Problem 16

Determine whether f ′ (0) exists.

 
x sin 1

if x ̸= 0, x2 sin 1

if x ̸= 0,
a) f (x) = x b) f (x) = x
0 if x = 0. 0 if x = 0.
 

Problem 17

Let

x2 + 1

if x < 1,
f (x) =
x + 1 if x ⩾ 1.


Is f differentiable at 1 ? Sketch the graphs of f and f ′ .

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Problem 18

At what numbers is the following function g differentiable?


2x


 if x ⩽ 0

g(x) = 2x − x2 if 0 < x < 2




2 − x if x ⩾ 2

Give a formula for g ′ and sketch the graphs of g and g ′ .

Problem 19

(a) For what values of x is the function f (x) = x2 − 9 differentiable? Find a formula for f ′ .
(b) Sketch the graphs of f and f ′ .

Problem 20

Let

x2

if x ⩽ 2
f (x) =
mx + b if x > 2

FT

Find the values of m and b that make f differentiable everywhere.

RA
D

Problem 21

The left-hand and right-hand derivatives of f at a are defined by

f (a + h) − f (a)
f ′ (a) = lim
h→0− h
and

f (a + h) − f (a)
f ′ (a) = lim
h→0+ h
if these limits exist. Then f ′ (a) exists if and only if these one-sided derivatives exist and are equal.
(a) Find f ′ − (4) and f+′ (4) for the function




0 if x ⩽ 0


f (x) = 5 − x if 0 < x < 4

 1


if x ⩾ 4

5−x
(b) Sketch the graph of f .
(c) Where is f discontinuous?

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(d) Where is f not differentiable?

Problem 22

Find the derivative of the function.

4 …
1) F (x) = 5x6 + 2x3 . x 27) G(x) = 4C/x .
15) y = .
x+1 ã5

99 y4 + 1
Å
2) F (x) = 1 + x + x2 . 28) U (y) = .
1 5
Å ã
16) y = x + . y2 + 1
√ x
3) f (x) = 5x + 1.
1 − e2x
Å ã
17) y = etan θ . 29) y = cos .
1 1 + e2x
4) f (x) = √
3
.
x2 − 1
18) f (t) = 2t .
3
30) y = x2 e−1/x .
5) f (θ) = cos θ2 .


ã8
u3 − 1
Å
19) g(u) = . 31) y = cot2 (sin θ).
2
6) g(θ) = cos θ. u3 + 1 p
32) y = 1 + xe−2x .
7) y = x2 e−3x . 20) s(t) =
1 + sin t
.
1 + cos t 33) y = esin 2x + sin e2x .


8) f (t) = t sin πt. √
21) r(t) = 102 t . Ä 2 ä
34) f (t) = sin2 esin t .
9) f (t) = eat sin bt.
FT

22) f (z) = ez/(z−1) . q » √

RA

10) g(x) = e x2 −x
.
3 35) y = x+ x + x.
r2 − 1

23) H(r) = .
D

11) f (x) = (2x−3)4

5
x2 + x + 1 . (2r + 1)5 36) g(x) = (2raarx + n)p .

6 24) J(θ) = tan2 (nθ). 4x

37) y = 23 .

3
12) g(x) = x2 + 1 x2 + 2 .

3 25) F (t) = et sin 2t . »
13) h(t) = (t + 1)2/3 2t2 − 1 . 38) y = cos sin(tan πx).
t2
3 ó4
−3 26) F (t) = √ .
î
4
14) F (t) = (3t − 1) (2t + 1) . t3 + 1 39) y = x + x + sin2 x .

Problem 23 Chain Rule

63. A table of values for f, g, f ′ , and g ′ is given.

x f (x) g(x) f ′ (x) g ′ (x)

1 3 2 4 6
2 1 8 5 7
3 7 2 7 9

a) If h(x) = f (g(x)), find h′ (1).

b) If H(x) = g(f (x)), find H ′ (1).

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Problem 24

Find the derivative of the function. Simplify where possible.

a) y = xx . e) y = (cos x)x .

b) y = xcos x . f) y = (sin x)ln x .

c) y = xsin x . g) y = (tan x)1/x .

√ x
d) y = x . h) y = (ln x)cos x .

Problem 25

Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point.

a) y sin 2x = x cos 2y, (π/2, π/4).

b) sin(x + y) = 2x − 2y, (π, π).

c) x2 − xy − y 2 = 1, (2, 1) (hyperbola).

d) x2 + 2xy + 4y 2 = 12, (2, 1) (ellipse).

FT

Å ã

2 1
e) x2 + y 2 = 2x2 + 2y 2 − x , 0, , ( cardioid ).
2
RA

√
f) x2/3 + y 2/3 = 4, (−3 3, 1), ( astroid ).
D

2
g) 2 x2 + y 2 = 25 x2 − y 2 , (3, 1).

Problem 26

′
a) Let f (x) = x + ex . Find f −1 (1), f −1 (1).

′
b) Let f (x) = 2x + ln x. Find f −1 (2), f −1 (2).

′
c) Let f (x) = x5 + x3 + x. Find f −1 (3), f f −1 (2) , f −1 (3).

′
d) Let g(x) = 3 + x + ex . Find g −1 (4), g −1 (4).

Problem 27

Find f ′ .

Calculus III Page 15/15

 Lê Văn Chánh - k [email protected] University of Science

a) f (x) = cos−1 x. d) f (x) = cot−1 x.

b) f (x) = sin−1 x. e) f (x) = ln x.

ex − e−x
c) f (x) = tan−1
x. f) f (x) = sinh−1 x, sinh(x) = .
2
Problem 28

If two resistors with resistances R1 and R2 are connected in parallel, as in the figure, then the total
resistance R, measured in ohms (Ω), is given by

1 1 1
= +
R R1 R2
If R1 and R2 are increasing at rates of 0.3Ω/s and 0.2Ω/s, respectively, how fast is R changing when
R1 = 80Ω and R2 = 100Ω.

FT
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Problem 29

Find the derivative of the function. Simplify where possible.

2
a) y = tan−1 x . g) R(t) = arcsin(1/t).

b) y = tan−1 x2 .
p
h) y = x sin−1 x +


1 − x2 .

c) y = sin−1 (2x + 1). i) y = cos−1 sin−1 t .

√ Å
b + a cos x
ã
d) g(x) = arccos x. j) y = arccos , 0 ⩽ x ⩽ π, a >
a + b cos x
b > 0.
Ä p ä
e) y = tan−1 x − 1 + x2 .
…
1−x
f) h(t) = cot−1 (t) + cot−1 (1/t). k) y = arctan .
1+x

Problem 30

Find the linearization L(x) of the function at a.

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√
a) f (x) = x3 − x2 + 3, a = −2. c) f (x) = x, a = 4.

b) f (x) = sin x, a = π/6. d) f (x) = 2x , a = 0.

Problem 31
√
a) Find the linear approximation of the function f (x) = 1 − x at a = 0 and use it to approximate
√ √
the numbers 0.9 and 0.99. Illustrate by graphing f and the tangent line.
√
b) Find the linear approximation of the function g(x) = 3 1 + x at a = 0 and use it to approximate
√
3
√
3
the numbers 0.95 and 1.1. Illustrate by graphing g and the tangent line.

Problem 32

Verify the given linear approximation at a = 0.

√ 1
a) ln(1 + x) ≈ x. c) 4
1 + 2x ≈ 1 + x.
2
b) (1 + x)−3 ≈ 1 − 3x d) ex cos x ≈ 1 + x.

Problem 33
FT

Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number.

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√
a) (1.999)4 . d) 100.5.
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b) 1/4.002. e) e0.1 .
√
f) cos 29◦ .
3
c) 1001.

Problem 34

Explain, in terms of linear approximations or differentials, why the approximation is reasonable.

√
a) 4.02 ≈ 2.005. 1
b) ≈ 0.1002.
9.98
Problem 35

The edge of a cube was found to be 30 cm with a possible error in measurement of 0.1 cm . Use
differentials to estimate the maximum possible error, relative error, and percentage error in computing
(a) the volume of the cube and (b) the surface area of the cube.

Problem 36

The radius of a circular disk is given as 24 cm with a maximum error in measurement of 0.2 cm .
(a) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated area of the disk.

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(b) What is the relative error? What is the percentage error?

Problem 37

The circumference of a sphere was measured to be 84 cm with a possible error of 0.5 cm .

(a) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated surface area. What is the relative
error?
(b) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated volume. What is the relative
error?

Problem 38

Use differentials to estimate the amount of paint needed to apply a coat of paint 0.05 cm thick to a
hemispherical dome with diameter 50 m .

Problem 39

(a) Use differentials to find a formula for the approximate volume of a thin cylindrical shell with
height h, inner radius r, and thickness ∆r.
(b) What is the error involved in using the formula from part (a)?
FT

Problem 40
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a) Show that the equation 2x + cos x = 0 has exactly one real root.
D

b) Show that the equation x3 + ex = 0 has exactly one real root.

c) Show that the equation x3 − 15x + c = 0 has at most one root in the interval [−2, 2].

d) Show that the equation x4 + 4x + c = 0 has at most two real roots.

Problem 41

Use the Mean Value Theorem to prove the inequality | sin a − sin b| ⩽ |a − b| for all a and b.

Problem 42

If f (1) = 10 and f ′ (x) ⩾ 2 for 1 ⩽ x ⩽ 4, how small can f (4) possibly be?

Problem 43

Suppose that 3 ⩽ f ′ (x) ⩽ 5 for all values of x. Show that 18 ⩽ f (8) − f (2) ⩽ 30.

Problem 44

Does there exist a function f such that f (0) = −1, f (2) = 4, and f ′ (x) ⩽ 2 for all x ?

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Problem 45

Find the limit.

ln x x sin(x − 1)
Å ã
1 1
1) lim √ . 16) lim 2 . 32) lim − x .
x→∞ x x→1 2x − x − 1 x→0+ x e −1
x + x2 arctan(2x) Å
1 1
ã
2) lim . 17) lim . 33) lim − .
x→∞ 1 − 2x2 x→0+ ln x x→0+ x tan−1 x
ln x xx − 1
3) lim . 18) lim . 34) lim (x − ln x).
x→0 + x x→0+ ln x + x − 1 x→∞
√
ln x xa −1
19) lim , b ̸= 0. 35) lim ln x7 − 1 − ln x5 − 1 .



4) lim . x→1 xb
x→∞ x2 −1 x→1+

t8 − 1 ex − e−x − 2x √
x
5) lim . 20) lim . 36) lim x .
t→1 t5 − 1 x→0 x − sin x x→0+

8t − 5t cos x − 1 + 12 x2 37) lim (tan 2x)x .

6) lim . 21) lim . x→0+
t→0 t x→0 x4
√ √
1 + 2x − 1 − 4x cos x ln(x − a) 38) lim (1 − 2x)1/x .
7) lim . 22) lim . x→0
x→0 x x→a+ ln (ex − ea )
eu/10 23) lim x sin(π/x). 39) lim x1/(1−x) .
8) lim . x→∞ x→1+
u→∞ u3
√
xe−x/2 .
FT

ex − 1 − x 24) lim
9) lim . x→∞ 40) lim x(ln 2)/(1+ln x) .
x→∞
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x→0 x2
25) lim sin 5x csc 3x.
x − sin x x→0 41) lim x1/x .
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10) lim . x→∞

x→0 x − tan x
Å ã
1
26) lim x ln 1 − . −x
sin−1 x x→−∞ x 42) lim xe .
11) lim . x→∞
x→0 x −x2
27) lim x3 e .
(ln x)2
x→∞ 43) lim (4x + 1)cot x .
12) lim . x→0+
x→∞ x 28) lim x3/2 sin(1/x).
x→∞
x3x 44) lim (2 − x)tan(πx/2) .
13) lim x . 29) lim ln x tan(πx/2). x→1
x→0 3 − 1
x→1+
cos mx − cos nx Å ã 45) lim (1 + sin 3x)1/x .
14) lim . x 1 x→0+
x→0 x2 30) lim − .
x→1 x − 1 ln x ã2x+1
2x − 3
Å
ln(1 + x)
15) lim . 31) lim (csc x − cot x). 46) lim .
x→0 cos x + ex − 1 x→0 x→∞ 2x + 5

Problem 46

A model used for the yield Y of an agricultural crop as a function of the nitrogen level N in the soil
(measured in appropriate units) is

kN
Y =
1 + N2
where k is a positive constant. What nitrogen level gives the best yield?

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Problem 47

The rate (in mg carbon /m3 /h ) at which photosynthesis takes place for a species of phytoplankton is
modeled by the function

100I
P =
I2 +I +4
where I is the light intensity (measured in thousands of footcandles). For what light intensity is P a
maximum?

Problem 48

A farmer wants to fence in an area of 1.5 million square feet in a rectangular field and then divide it in
half with a fence parallel to one of the sides of the rectangle. How can he do this so as to minimize the
cost of the fence?

Problem 49

A box with a square base and open top must have a volume o 32, 000 cm3 . Find the dimensions of the
box that minimize the amount of material used.

Problem 50
FT

If 1200 cm2 of material is available to make a box with a square base and an open top, find the largest
RA

possible volume of the box.

D

Problem 51

A rectangular storage container with an open top is to have a volume of 10 m3 . The length of its base is
twice the width. Material for the base costs $10 per square meter. Material for the sides costs $6 per
square meter. Find the cost of materials for the cheapest such container.

Topic 5. Integration

Problem 52

Use the Midpoint Rule with the given value of n to approximate the integral. Round the answer to
four decimal places.
Z 8
√
1) sin xdx, n = 4.
0
Z 1p
2) x3 + 1dx, n = 5.
0

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Z 2
x
3) dx, n = 5.
0 x+1
Z π
4) x sin2 xdx, n = 4.
0

Problem 53

A table of values of an increasing function f is shown. Use the table to find lower and upper estimates
Z 30
for f (x)dx.
10

x 10 14 18 22 26 30
f (x) -12 -6 -2 1 3 8

Problem 54

The widths (in meters) of a kidney-shaped swimming pool were measured at 2-meter intervals as
indicated in the figure. Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate the area of the pool.
FT
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Problem 55

A cross-section of an airplane wing is shown. Measurements of the thickness of the wing, in centime-
ters, at 20-centimeter intervals are 5.8, 20.3, 26.7, 29.0, 27.6, 27.3, 23.8, 20.5, 15.1, 8.7, and 2.8. Use the
Midpoint Rule to estimate the area of the wing’s cross-section.

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Problem 56

If the birth rate of a population is b(t) = 2200e0.024t people per year and the death rate is d(t) =
1460e0.018t people per year, find the area between these curves for 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 10. What does this area
represent?

Problem 57
Z 9
The table gives the values of a function obtained from an experiment. Use them to estimate f (x)dx
3
using three equal subintervals with (a) right endpoints, (b) left endpoints, and (c) midpoints. If the
function is known to be an increasing function, can you say whether your estimates are less than or
greater than the exact value of the integral?

x 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f (x) -3.4 -2.1 -0.6 0.3 0.9 1.4 1.8

Problem 58

The speed of a runner increased steadily during the first three seconds of a race. Her speed at half-
second intervals is given in the table. Find lower and upper estimates for the distance that she traveled
FT

during these three seconds.

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t( s) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

D

v(ft/s) 0 6.2 10.8 14.9 18.1 19.4 20.2

Problem 59

Oil leaked from a tank at a rate of r(t) liters per hour. The rate decreased as time passed and values of
the rate at two-hour time intervals are shown in the table. Find lower and upper estimates for the total
amount of oil that leaked out.

t( h) 0 2 4 6 8 10
r(t)(L/h) 8.7 7.6 6.8 6.2 5.7 5.3

Problem 60

Find the derivative of the function.

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Z xp Z 2x
1) g(x) = t + t3 dt. 8) F (x) = arctan tdt.
√
0 x
Z x Z sin x
ln 1 + t2 dt.


2) g(x) = 9) f (x) = ln(1 + 2v)dv.
1 cos x
Z s
8 x4
t − t2
Z
3) g(s) = dt.
5
10) f (x) = cos2 θdθ.
0
Z u
t Z 1
4) h(u) = dt. p
0
4
t +1 11) f (x) = 1 + t2 dt.
sin x
3x
u2 − 1
Z Z 3x+2
5) g(x) = du. t
u2 + 1 12) f (x) = dt.
2x
1 1 + t3
Z 1+2x Z ex
6) g(x) = t sin tdt. 13) h(x) = ln tdt.
1−2x 1
√
x2 x
z2
Z Z
t2
7) F (x) = e dt. 14) h(x) = dz.
x 1 z4 + 1

Problem 61

Determine whether each integral is convergent or divergent. Evaluate those that are convergent.
FT
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Z ∞ 0
1
Z
z
1. dx. 19. dz.
3 (x − 2)3/2 −∞ z4 +4
Z ∞ ∞
1
Z
1
2. √ dx. 20. dx.
0
4
1+x e x(ln x)2
Z 0
Z ∞ √
1 21. e− y
dy.
3. dx.
−∞ 3 − 4x 0
Z ∞
Z ∞
1 dx
4. dx. 22. √ √ .
(2x + 1)3 1 x+x x
1
Z 1
Z ∞ 1
5. e−5p
dp. 23. dx
0 x
2
Z 5
Z 0 1
6. r
2 dr. 24. √
3
dx.
0 5−x
−∞
Z 14
∞ dx
x2
Z
25. √ .
7. √ dx. −2
4
x+2
0 1 + x3
Z 2
Z ∞ x
8. 3
y − 3y 2


dy. 26. dx.
−1 (x + 1)2
−∞
Z 3
Z ∞ 1
9. xe −x2
dx. 27. dx.
x4
FT

−2
−∞
RA

Z 1
∞ dx
e−1/x
Z
28. √ .
10. dx. 1 − x2
D

x2 0
1
Z 9
Z ∞ 1
2 29. √ dx.
11. sin αdα. 0
3
x−1
0
Z 5
Z ∞ w
12. sin θe cos θ
dθ. 30. dw.
0 w−2
0
Z ∞
Z π/2
1 31. tan2 θdθ.
13. 2
dx.
1 x +x 0

∞
Z 4
Z
dv dx
14. . 32. .
2
2
v + 2v − 3 0 x2 −x−2
Z 0
Z 1
15. ze dz. 2z 33. r ln rdr.
−∞ 0
Z π/2
Z ∞ cos θ
16. ye −3y
dy. 34. √ dθ.
2 0 sin θ
0
∞ e1/x
Z Z
ln x
17. dx. 35. dx.
1 x −1 x3
∞ 1
e1/x
Z Z
ln x
18. dx. 36. dx.
1 x2 0 x3

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Problem 62

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Bibliography

[Ste16] James Stewart. Calculus: early transcendentals 8th edition. Cengage Learning, 2016.

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