Chapter 7 Reflection of Light

Exercise (A)

1.What do you mean by reflection of light?

Solution
The return of light into the same medium after striking a surface is
called reflection.

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2.State which surface of a plane mirror reflects most of the light
incident on it: the front smooth surface or the back silvered
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surface.
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Solution
Black silvered surface reflects most of the light incident on it.
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3.Explain the following terms:

(a) Plane mirror, (b) Incident ray,
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(c) Reflected ray, (d) Angle of incidence and

(e) Angle of reflection.
Draw diagram/diagrams to show them.

Solution
(a) Plane mirror: Plane mirror is a highly polished and smooth
reflecting surface made from a clear plane glass sheet, usually thin
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and silvered with suitable reflecting abrasive (for example, mercury)

on one side. Once this pasting is done, then the glass becomes opaque
but due to the reflecting property of the abrasive, the plane glass sheet
becomes a plane glass reflector or a plane glass mirror.
(b) Incident ray: The light ray striking a reflecting surface is called the
incident ray.
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(c) Reflected ray: The light ray obtained after reflection from the
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surface, in the same medium in which the incident ray is travelling, is
called the reflected ray.
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(d) Angle of incidence: The angle which the incident ray makes with
the normal at the point of incidence is called the angle of incidence. It
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is denoted by the letter i.
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(e) Angle of reflection: The angle which the reflected ray makes with
R O
the normal at the point of incidence is called the angle of reflection. It
A
is denoted by the letter r.
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4.With the help of diagrams, explain the difference between the
regular and irregular reflection.

Solution

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Regular reflection occurs when a beam of light falls on a smooth and

polished surface and irregular reflection occurs when a beam of light
falls on a rough surface. Since the surface is uneven, from different
points light rays get reflected in different directions and give rise to
irregular reflection.
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5. Differentiate between the reflection of light from a plane
mirror and that from a plane sheet of paper.

Solution
Reflection of light from a plane mirror is regular reflection and
reflection of light from plane sheet of paper is irregular reflection of
light.

6.State the two laws of reflection of light.

Solution
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Laws of reflection:
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1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of
incidence, lie in the same plane.
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8.A light ray is incident normally on a plane mirror. (a) What is

its angle of incidence?
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(b) What is the direction of reflected ray? Show it on a diagram.

Solution 8
(a) 0o
(b) Same as the incident ray
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9.Draw a diagram to show the reflection of a ray of light using a
plane mirror. In the diagram, label the incident ray, the reflected
ray, the normal, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.

Solution

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10.Fig. shows an incident ray AO and the normal ON on a plane

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mirror. The angle which the incident ray AO makes with mirror
is 30°. (a) Find the angle of incidence. (b) Draw the reflected ray
and then find the angle between the incident and reflected rays.
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Solution
(a) Angle of incidence = 90o - 30o = 60o
(b) Angle between the incident ray and reflected ray = Angle of
incidence + Angle of reflection
Angle of reflection = Angle of incidence = 60o
Therefore, Angle between the incident ray and reflected ray = 60o +
60o = 120o

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11.The diagram in Fig. 12.21 shows a point object P in front of a
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plane mirror MM1.

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(a) Complete the diagram by taking two rays from the point P to show
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the formation of its image.

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(b) In the diagram, mark the position of eye to see the image.

(c) Is the image formed real or virtual? Explain why?

Solution
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(a) and (b)

(c) The image formed is virtual because the reflected rays meet when
produced backwards.

12.The diagram below in Fig. shows an object XY in front of a

plane mirror. Draw on the diagram, the image of the object
formed by the mirror. Trace the path of two rays from a point on
the object to show the formation of image.

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Solution
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13.(a) Write three characteristics of the image formed by a plane

mirror?
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(b) How is the position of an image related to the position of the

object?

Solution
(a) Three characteristics of image formed by plane mirror:
(i) Image formed in erect (upright)
(ii) Image formed is virtual
(iii) Image formed is of the same size as the object
(b) The image is situated at the same perpendicular distance behind
the mirror as the object in front of it.

14.Differentiate between a real and a virtual image.

Solution
Real Image Virtual image
1. A real image is formed due to 1. A virtual image is formed when
actual intersection of the reflected the reflected rays meet if they are

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rays. produced backwards.
2. A real image can be obtained 2. A virtual image cannot be
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on a screen. obtained on a screen.
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3. A real image is inverted with 3. A virtual image is erect with
respect to the object. respect to the object.
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15.What is meant by lateral inversion of an image in a plane

mirror? Explain it with the help of a ray diagram.
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Solution
The interchange of the left and right sides in the image of an object in
a plane mirror is called lateral inversion.
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Figure above shows the image formation of a letter P in a plane
mirror. The letter P appears in the plane mirror as .

16.The letters on the front of an ambulance are written laterally

inverted like . Give reason.

Solution
The letters on the front of a ambulance are written laterally inverted,
so that the driver of the vehicle moving ahead of the ambulance reads

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these words laterally inverted as AMBULANCE, in his rear view
mirror, and gices side to pass the ambulance first.
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17.Why is it difficult to read the image of the text of a page
formed due to reflection by a plane mirror?
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Solution
Due to lateral inversion, , it becomes difficult to read the image of the
text of a page formed due to reflection by a plane mirror.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

1. According to the law of reflection:

(a) = constant
(b) = constant
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(c) i + r = constant
(d) i = r

Solution
i=r
2. The image formed by a plane mirror has the following
characteristic:
(a) Erect and diminished
(b) Erect and enlarged
(c) Inverted and of same size
(d) Erect and of same size.

Solution
Erect and of same size

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3.The image formed by a plane mirror is :
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(a) real
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(b) virtual
(c) virtual with lateral inversion
(d) real with lateral inversion
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Solution
virtual with lateral inversion
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NUMERICALS

1.The incident ray and the reflected ray from a mirror are
mutually perpendicular to each other. Find the angle of
incidence.
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Solution
Angle of incidence (i) + Angle of reflection(r) = 90o
But, as per the laws of reflection, i = r
Therefore, 2 i = 90o
Or, i = r = 45o
2. A man standing in front of a plane mirror finds his image at a
distance 6 metre from himself. What is the distance of man from
the mirror?

Solution
Distance between man and his image = 6m
Distance between man and mirror + distance between mirror and
image = 6m
But, Distance between man and mirror (object distance) = distance

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between mirror and image (image distance)
Therefore, distance of man from mirror = = 3m
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3. An insect is sitting in front of a plane mirror at a distance 1 m
from it.
(a) Where is the image of the insect formed? (b) What is the
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distance between the insect and its image?

Solution
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(a) Image of the insect is formed 1m behind the mirror.

(b) Distance between the insect and his image = 1 + 1 = 2 m

4. An object is kept at 60 cm in front of a plane mirror. If the

mirror is now moved 25 cm away from the object, how does the
image shift from its previous position?
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Solution
Initially, distance of the object from the mirror = 60 cm.
Therefore, image is formed at a distance 60 cm from the mirror,
behind it.
Thus, initial distance between the object and image = 60 + 60 = 120
cm
If the mirror is moved 25 cm away from the object,
The new distance of the object from the mirror = 60 + 25 = 85 cm
The new image is now at a distance 85 cm from the mirror behind it.
Thus, new distance of the image from the object = 85 + 85 = 170 cm
Taking the position of the object as reference point, the distance
between the two positions of the image = new distance of image from
the object - initial distance of the image from the object
= (170 - 120) cm = 50 cm
Thus, the image shifts 50 cm away.

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5. An optician while testing the eyes of a patient keeps a chart of
letters 3 m behind the patient and asks him to see the letters on
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the image of chart formed in a plane mirror kept at distance 2 m
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in front of him. How far away is the chart seen by the patient?

Solution
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Distance between man and chart = 3m

Distance between man and mirror = 2m
Therefore, distance between chart and mirror = 5 m
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Now, final image is formed on the mirror, which is at a distance of 2

m from the man, therefore, the chart as seen by patient is (5m + 2m =)
7m away.
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 EXERCISE –(B)

1. Two plane mirrors are placed making an angle in between

them. Write an expression for the number of images formed of an
object placed in between the mirrors. State the condition, if any.

Solution
If two mirrors make an angle with each other and object is placed in
between the two mirrors, the number of images formed is n or (n - 1)

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°
depending upon n = is odd or even.
°
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°
(a) If n = is odd,
°
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(i) The number of images formed is n, when the object is placed
asymmetrically between the mirrors.
(ii) The number of images formed is n-1, when the object is placed
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symmetrically between the mirrors.

°
(b) If n = is even, the number of images is always n-1.
°
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2.Two plane mirrors are placed making an angle θ° in between

them. For an object placed in between the mirrors, if angle is
gradually increased from 0 to 180, how will the number of images
change: increase, decrease or remain unchanged?

Solution
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The number of images formed is given as

°
n=
°
So, if  is gradually increased, n decreases.
3. How many images are formed for a point object kept in
between two plane mirrors M1 and M2 at right angles to each
other? Show them by drawing a ray diagram.

Solution
For two mirrors kept perpendicular to each other, three images are
formed for an object kept in between them.

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4. Two plane mirrors are arranged parallel and facing each other
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at some separation. How many images are formed for a point

object kept in between them? Show the formation of images with
the help of a ray diagram

Solution
For two mirrors kept parallel to each other, an infinite number of
images are formed for an object kept in between them.
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5. State two uses of a plane mirror.

Solution
Two uses of plane mirror:
1. In barber's shop for seeing the hairs at the back of head, two
mirrors facing each other are fixed on opposite walls at the front and
back of the viewer.
2. In solar heating devices such as a solar cooker, solar water heater,

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etc., a plane mirror is used to reflect the incident light rays from sun
on the substance to be heated.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE :

1. Two plane mirrors are placed making an angle 60° in between

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them. For an object placed in between the mirrors, the number of

images formed will be :
(a) 3 (b) 6
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(c) 5 (d) infinite.

Solution
5

2. In the barber's shop, two plane mirrors are placed:

a. Perpendicular to earth other
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b. Parallel to each other

c. At an angle 60° between them
d. At angle 45° between them

Solution
In a barber's shop, two plane mirrors are placed parallel to each other.
NUMERICAL:

1. State the number of images of an object placed between two

mirrors, formed in each case when mirrors are inclined to each
other at (a) 90°, and (b) 60°

Solution
(a) angle between the mirrors = 90°
° °
Now , n = = = 4 , which is even.

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° °
Hence number of images formed will be (n-1) i.e., 4-1 = 3 images
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(b) Angle between the mirrors , = 60°
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° °
Now , n = = = 6 , which is even
° °
Hence number of images formed will be (n-1) i.e., 6-1 = 5 images
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2. An object is placed (i) asymmetrically (ii) symmetrically,

between two plane mirrors inclined at an angle of 50°. Find the
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number of images formed.

Solution
Angle between the mirrors, = 50°
° °
Now n = = = = 7.2 ≈ 7 which is odd
° °
(i) when placed asymmetrically number of image formed will be n,
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i.e. 7
(ii) when placed symmetrically number of images formed will be
(n-1) i.e., 7-1= 6 images .
 EXERCISE – (C)

1. What is a spherical mirror?

Solution
A reflecting surface which is a part of a sphere is called a spherical
mirror.

2.Name the two kinds of spherical mirrors and distinguish

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between them.
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Solution
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Two kinds of spherical mirrors are concave and convex.
Distinction between concave and convex mirror: A concave mirror's
bulging surface is silvered and reflection takes place from the hollow
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surface but a convex mirror's inner surface is silvered and reflection

takes place from the bulging surface.
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3.Define the terms pole, principal axis and centre of curvature

with reference to a spherical mirror.

Solution
Pole: The geometric centre of the spherical surface of mirror is called
the pole of mirror.
Principal axis: It is the straight line joining the pole of the mirror to its
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centre of curvature.
Centre of curvature: The centre of curvature of a mirror is the centre
of the sphere of which the mirror is a part.
4.Draw suitable diagrams to illustrate the action of (i) concave
mirror and (ii) convex mirror on a beam of light incident parallel
to the principal axis.

Solution
(i)

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(ii)
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5.Name the spherical mirror which (i) diverges (ii) converges the
beam of light incident on it. Justify your answer by drawing a ray
diagram in each case.
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Solution
(i) Convex mirror diverges a beam of light falling on it.
(ii) Concave mirror converges a beam of light falling on it.

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6.Define the terms focus and focal length of a concave mirror.
Draw diagram to illustrate your answer.
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Focus of a concave mirror: The focus of a concave mirror is a point
on the principal axis through which the light rays incident parallel to
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principal axis, pass after reflection from the mirror.

Focal length of a concave mirror: The distance of the focus from the
pole of the concave mirror is called its focal length.
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7.Explain the meaning of the terms focus and focal length in case
of a convex mirror, with the help of suitable ray diagram.

Solution
Focus of a convex mirror: The focus of a convex mirror is a point on
the principal axis from which, the light rays incident parallel to
principal axis, appear to come, after reflection from the mirror.
Focal length of a convex mirror: The distance of the focus from the
pole of the convex mirror is called its focal length.

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8. State the direction of incident ray which after reflection from a

spherical mirror retraces its path. Give a reason to your answer.

Solution
Incident ray is directed towards the centre of curvature because the
ray is normal to the spherical mirror, so ∠i = ∠r = O.
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9.(i) Name the mirrors shown in Fig. (a) and (b).

(ii) In each case (a) and (b), draw reflected rays for the given
incident rays and mark focus by the symbol F.
(a) (b)

Solution
(i) In figure (a) a convex mirror is shown.

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In figure (b) a concave mirror is shown. (ii) (a)
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(b)
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10.Complete the following diagrams in Fig. by drawing the

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reflected rays for the incident rays 1 and 2.

Solution

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11.Complete the following diagrams shown in Fig. by drawing the
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reflected ray for each of the incident ray A and B.

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Solution
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12.State the two convenient rays that are chosen to construct the
image by a spherical mirror for a given object? Explain your

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answer with the help of suitable ray diagrams.
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Solution
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Two convenient rays that are chosen to construct the image by a
spherical mirror for a given object:
1. A ray passing through the centre of curvature: A ray of light
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passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror or a ray

directed in the direction of centre of curvature of a convex mirror is
reflected back along the same path after reflection.
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2. A ray parallel to the principal axis: A ray of light parallel to the

principal axis, after reflection pass through the principal focus in case
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of a concave mirror or appears to diverge from it in case of convex

mirror.
13.Fig. shows a concave mirror with its pole at P, focus F and
centre of curvature C. Draw ray diagram to show the formation
of image of an object OA.

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Solution
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14.Fig. shows a concave mirror with its pole at P, focus F and

centre of curvature C. Draw ray diagram to show the formation
of image of an object OA.
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Solution

15.The diagram below in Fig., shows a convex mirror. C is its

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centre of curvature and F is its focus. (i) Draw two rays from A
and hence locate the position of image of object OA. Label the
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image IB. (ii) State three characteristics of the image.
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Solution
The ray diagram shows two light rays from A.
The image of the object OA is formed between the focus and the pole
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on the other side of the mirror.

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The image so formed is erect, virtual and diminished.

16.Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image by a

concave mirror for an object placed between its pole and focus.
State three characteristics of the image.
Solution
Ray diagram showing the formation of an image by a concave mirror
for an object placed between its pole and focus:

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When the object is placed between focus F and pole P, the image is
formed behind the mirror.
The image so formed is virtual, upright and magnified.
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17. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image by a

concave mirror for the object beyond its centre of curvature.
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State three characteristics of the image.

Solution
Ray diagram showing the formation of an image by a concave mirror
for the object beyond its centre of curvature:
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When the object is placed beyond the centre of curvature C, the image
is formed between focus F and centre of curvature C. The image so
formed is real, inverted and diminished.

18.Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an

object kept in front of a convex mirror. State three characteristics
of the image.

Solution

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The image formed is virtual, erect and diminished.

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19.Name the mirror which always produces an erect and virtual

image. How is the size of image related to the size of object?

Solution
Convex mirror always produces erect and virtual images. The images
formed are diminished, i.e. the size of the image is shorter than the
size of the object.
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20.(a) For what position of object, the image formed by a concave

mirror is magnified and erect?

(b) State whether the image in part (a) is real or virtual?

Solution

(a) If the object is placed between the pole and focus of a concave
mirror, the image formed is magnified and erect.
(b) The image is virtual.

21.(a) State the position of object for which the image formed by a
concave mirror is of same size.
(b) Write two more characteristics of the image.

Solution
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(a) If the object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave
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mirror, the image formed is of same size.

(b) The image formed is real and inverted.

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22.(a) What is a real image?

(b) What type of mirror can be used to obtain a real image of an
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object?
(c) Does the mirror mentioned in part (b) form real image for all
locations of the object?

Solution
(a) An image which can be obtained on a screen is called a real image.
(b) A concave mirror can be used to obtain a real image of an object.
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(c) No, it does not form real image for all locations of the object.

23.Discuss the position and nature of image formed by a concave

mirror when an object is moved from infinity towards the pole of
mirror.
Solution
When an object is moved from infinity towards the pole of mirror, the
image formed moves away from the mirror. The image formed is real
and inverted.

24.Discuss the position and nature of image formed by a convex

mirror when an object is moved from infinity towards the pole of
mirror.

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Solution
In a convex mirror, the image formed is always virtual, upright and
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diminished. It is always situated between its pole and focus,
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irrespective of the distance of object in front of the mirror.

25.Name the kind of mirror used to obtain:

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(a) A real and enlarged image,

(b) A virtual and enlarged image,
(c) A virtual and diminished image,
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(d) A real and diminished image.

Solution
(a) Concave, (b) Concave, (c) Convex and (d) Concave

26.How is the focal length of a spherical mirror related to its

radius of curvature?
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Solution
Focal length is half the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror.
F=
27.Write the spherical mirror's formula and explain the meaning
of each symbol used in it.

Solution
The spherical mirror's formula is

+ =

Here, u is the object distance, v is the image distance and f is the focal

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length of the mirror.
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28.What is meant by magnification? Write its expression. What is
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its sign for the (a) real (b) virtual, image?

Solution
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Magnification is the ratio of the length of image to the length of the

object.
m=
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It is also given as
m=-
Where, u and v is the object and image distance, respectively.
Hence, we have
a. For real image: u and v are negative. So, m is negative.
b. For virtual image: u is negative and v is positive. So, m is positive.
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29.At what maximum distance the image in a convex mirror can
be obtained? What will be the location of object then?

Solution
The image formed by a convex mirror is always between pole and
focus. Hence, the maximum distance that can be obtained in convex
mirror is the focal length. For this case the object has to be at infinity.

30. At what maximum distance from a concave mirror, the image

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can be obtained? What will be the location of object for it?
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Solution
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The maximum distance that can be obtained in concave mirror is
infinity. For this case the object has to be at focus.
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31.How will you distinguish between a plane mirror, a concave

mirror and a convex mirror, without touching them?
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solution
To distinguish between a plane mirror, concave mirror and convex
mirror, the given mirror is held near the face and image is seen. There
can be following three cases:

Case (i): If the image is upright, of same size and it does not change
in size by moving the mirror towards or away from the face, the
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mirror is plane.

(ii) If the image is upright and magnified, and increases in size on

moving the mirror away, the mirror is concave.

(iii) If the image is upright and diminished and decreases in size on

moving the mirror away, the mirror is convex.
32.State two uses of a concave mirror.

Solution
Two uses of concave mirror:
(i) It is used as a shaving mirror.
(ii) It is used as reflector in torch, head light of automobiles etc.

33.State the kind of mirror used

(a) By a dentist,

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(b) As a search-light reflector.
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Solution
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(a) Concave mirror
(b) Concave mirror
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34.(a) When a concave mirror is used as a shaving mirror, where

is the person's face in relation to the focus of mirror?
(b) State three characteristics of the image seen in part (a).
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Solution
(a) The person's face is between the pole and focus of the mirror.
(b) The image formed is erect, virtual and magnified.

35.Which mirror will you prefer to use as a rear view mirror in a

truck: plane mirror or convex mirror? Give one reason.
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Solution
A convex mirror is preferred as a rear view mirror because it has a
wider field of view as compared to a plane mirror of same size.
36.Why does a driver use a convex mirror as a rear view mirror?
Illustrate your answer with the help of a ray diagram.

Solution
A convex mirror diverges the incident beam and always forms a
virtual, small and erect image between its pole and focus. Thus, a
driver can see all the traffic approaching from behind. This fact
enables the driver to use it as a rear view in vehicles to see all the
traffic approaching from behind.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE :

1. For an incident ray directed towards centre of curvature of a

spherical mirror the reflected ray:
(a) Retraces its path
(b) Passes through the focus
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(c) Passes through the pole

(d) Becomes parallel to the principal axis.

Solution
Retraces its path
2. The image formed by a convex mirror is
(a) Erect and diminished.
(b) Erect and enlarged.
(c) Inverted and diminished.
(d) Inverted and enlarged.

Solution
Erect and diminished

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3. A real and enlarged image can be obtained by using a
(a) Convex mirror
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(b) Plane mirror
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(c) Concave mirror
(d) Either convex or plane mirror.
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Solution
Concave mirror
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NUMERICAL

1.The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is 40 cm. Find its

focal length.
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Solution
Focal length = (Radius of curvature)
!
Or, f = = 20 cm
2. The focal length of a concave mirror is 10 cm. Find its radius of
curvature.

Solution
Radius of curvature = 2 × focal length
Or, R = 2f = 2 × 10 = 20 cm

3. An object of height 2 cm is placed at a distance 20 cm in front

of a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. Find the position, size

O T IS
and nature of the image by drawing.
N A D
CO N
Solution
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
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The image is 30 cm in front of the mirror, 3 cm high, real, inverted

and magnified.

4.An object is placed at 4 cm distance in front of a concave mirror

of radius of curvature 24 cm. Find the position of image by
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drawing. Is the image magnified?

Solution

The image is 6 cm behind the mirror.

Yes the image is magnified.

O T IS
5. At what distance from a concave mirror of focal length 25 cm
N A D
CO N
should an object be placed so that the size of image is equal to the
size of the object. Draw a ray diagram to show this.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution
The size of the image is equal to the size of the object if the object is
ED PR

placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror.

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Hence, the object should be placed at 50 cm.

6. An object 5 cm high is placed at a distance 60 cm in front of a
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and size of
the image by drawing.

Solution

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR

The position of the object is 12 cm in front of the mirror.

Its size is 1 cm.
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7. A point light source is kept in front of a convex mirror at a

distance of 40 cm. The focal length of the mirror is 40 cm. Find
the position of image by drawing.

Solution
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The image is behind the mirror at a distance 20 cm.

8.When an object of height 1 cm is kept at a distance 4 cm from a
concave mirror, its erect image of height 1.5 cm is formed at a
distance 6 cm behind the mirror. Find the focal length of mirror,
by drawing.

Solution

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
A ray passing parallel to the principal axis passes through the focal
point after reflection. Hence, the focal length is 12 cm.
ED PR

9. An object of length 4 cm is placed in front of a concave mirror

at distance 30 cm. The focal length of mirror is 15 cm.
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a. Where will the image form?

b. What will be the length of image?

Solution

O = 4cm
U = -30 cm
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F=-15 cm

From mirror formula

= +
"

∴ = −
"

∴ = − = −
% %
 %
∴ =
∴ v = -30 cm
Hence the image is formed at a distance
Of 30 cm in front of the mirror

M=- =
&
% %!×%
∴'= = = -4 cm
%
Negative sign indicates inverted image
So, I = 4cm
O T IS
Hence , the length of the image is 4 cm
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4. A concave mirror forms a real image of an object placed in
front of it at a distance 30 cm, of size three times the size of object.
Find (a) the focal length of mirror (b) position of image.
ED PR

Solution
U =- 30 cm
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M= = =3
&
But, for real object m is negative
∴ * = −3
∵*= −
∴ − = -3
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∴ V = 3u
∴ V = 3 × -30 = -90 cm

Hence the position of the image is 90 cm

In front of the mirror .

From mirror formula,

= +
"
∴ = + =− −
" % %
% % %!
∴ = =
"
∴ f = -22.5 cm

11 . A concave mirror forms a virtual image of size twice that of

the object placed at a distance 5 cm from it.
Find : (a) the focal length of the mirror (b) position of image

O T IS
Solution
m= = =2
N A D
CO N
∵*= −
O UC AA
T IO
PY
∴ − =2
∴ -v = 2u
ED PR

∵ u = -5 cm
∴ v = 10 cm
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Hence the position of the image is 10 cm

Behind the mirror.

From mirror formula

= +
"

∴ = + = −
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" %
∴ f = -10 cm
12. The image formed by a convex mirror is of size one third the
size of object. How are u and v related?

Solution
Magnification is
-
/
.
m= = =
/
a convex mirror always forms a virtual and an upright image . so,

O T IS
m=- N A D
∴− =

CO N
∴0= − 1
O UC AA
T IO
PY
But , u is always negative
∴0= 1
ED PR

∴ u = 3v

13. The erect image formed by a concave mirror is of size double

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the size of object. How are u and v related?

Solution
Magnification is
2
m= = =2
/ /
4
∵m= −
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5
6
∴ − =2
7
∴ V = -2 u
But , u is always negative
∴ V = 2u
14. The magnification for a mirror is -3. How are u and v related?

Solution
Magnification of a mirror is
4
m=-
5
∵m=-3
∴ v = 3u
But u will always be negative
∴ v = -3u

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
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