MODULE 5.

3
GLOBAL MIGRATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the this presentation, learners are

expected to:
1. Distinguish different global civilizations and
categories; and
2. Analyze the political, economic, cultural, and social
factors underlying the global movements of people.
What can you Migration
tell about the
picture? ➢ is the
ongoing
movement
of people
from one
country to
another
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE WORLD
➢ These was agreed by the leaders all over the globe during the Cold War.

First World Second World Third World

• refers to states which • refers to the former • Refers to nations not
have high-income and communist-socialist, aligned with either the
are capital-rich. industrial states. First World or Second
World.
• also called
“developing” countries

Cold War
➢ was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of
Eastern Europe. The west was led by the United States and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These
two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on
each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.
 WORLD’S HEGEMONIC POWERS
• Western Bloc • Eastern Bloc
➢ United States ➢ Soviet Union
➢ NATO allies (Belgium, Canada, ➢ Satellite allies (Poland,
Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Noway, Romania, Bulgaria, and East
Portugal, UK, and USA) Germany)
➢ others
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

• Sole remaining super power of the world.

• By 1989, they had military alliances with 50 countries bringing to life the
American Era.
• As a superpower, they relied on its strong democracy and capitalist market
to promote free market capitalism and further emphasize its global power.

However, its success in promoting

such market led to dispersal of
power to several other countries.
Fareed Zakaria (2008)

after a decade, he refers this dispersal of power as the

Post-American world. illustrated by the diffusion
of power from states to
This diffusion of power
signals the “rise of the rest”
other actors
which gives other states the
power to play roles in the
Huntington (1996) world’s economic and
political arena.

claims that Asian nations are expanding their economic,

political, and military strength as a way to show the
power they can be capable to hold in the world.

Thus, the American era which includes the post-American world refers to
a period power imbalance.
 TWO CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

• Are countries that have • Are low-income countries

progressive economies and with less developed
advanced technological industrial bases
infrastructures.
The emergence of economic inequalities pushes people living
in the developing countries to seek better opportunities in
developed countries.
Sometimes, it motivates people to just move from one country to
another to attain the ways of living they are aspiring for.
• According to Huntington, At present, people from these global
global civilizations are
civilizations constantly move from one place to
divided into the
following categories:
another just to achieve economic stability,
▪ Western, Latin America
democratic freedom, and holistically good life
▪ Islamic that their home countries might not be able to
▪ Sinic offer.
▪ Hindu
▪ Buddhist
▪ Orthodox Cosmopolitanism
▪ Japanese ➢ According to Heywood (2011), literally means the
▪ African adherence or belief in the world state.

➢ It is an ideology that all human beings belong to a

single community.
 Three (3) elements of cosmopolitanism, according to Pogge (2008)

• Cosmopolitanism believes that a human

Individualism being is the ultimate unit of moral concern

• Cosmopolitanism asserts that all human

Universality beings are of equal moral worth

• Implies that human beings have necessary

Generality concern for each other

Migration can be linked into cosmopolitanism in the way that it enables people to agree on a
common moral standard which is influenced by how different cultures come in contact with one
another as people move from one place to another.
 TWO TYPES OF MIGRATION

INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

• is any movement from one • Is movement from one

place to another in the same country to another
country.
• known as local migration
Factors why people move from one place to another:
❑ social inequality
❑ Economic depression These factors are the reason why
cosmopolitan idea exist.
❑ Freedom deprivation
Migration
►It exist due to transnational relations and the growing demand for economic wealth.
► defined as the form of social behavior that both shapes and is shaped by broader social and economic
structures and processes of transformation (International Migration Institute, 2011)

► is not only rooted in economic aspirations but also in political motivations.

Global migration is a unique concept.

Three categories of Global Migration:

❑Voluntary economic migration

❑Forced displacement
❑Refugee crises
 Three (3) categories of Global Migration
• is rooted in the pursuit of economic stability
Voluntary • usually seen in the condition of people in the global south such as in
economic the regions of Asia and Africa.
• People from these regions move to other countries which have
migration steadily growing labor markets and can provide them high salaries.
• Example, Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)

Forced • refer to how people are forced to migrate.

• could be traced to the factors of state tyranny or corruption or the fear
displacement of violence such as civil war.

Refugee crises • could be traced to the factors of state tyranny or corruption or the fear
of violence such as civil war.
Migration plays a vital role in the For a sending country, migration and the resulting remittances lead to
social, economic, and political increased incomes and poverty reduction, and improved health and
aspects of the Philippines. educational outcomes, and promote economic development.

OFWs are seen to be major economic drivers of the country.

▪ they affect the economic sustainability of the country
through their remittances.
Brain Drain
Another effect of migration in the - the departure of educated or professional people from
Philippines is the brain drain. one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for
better pay or living conditions

In 2009, the Philippine Institute of Development Studies found

out the following:
▪ 50% of employed Filipino emigrants have tertiary
education
o Only 14.5% - managers and professionals
o 26.6% - workings as technicians and clerks
o The rest are operators known as service workers
(Zosa & Obeta, 2009)
Analyze and discuss what are the political, economic, cultural, and social factors underlying the
global movements of people.
ASSIGNMENT

• Draw an editorial cartoon/artistic

illustration depicting the political,
economic, and social factors affecting the
global movement of people. Explain your
sketch afterwards.
 That
would
be all!