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Aa 05

The document discusses key concepts in architectural acoustics, including octave bands, loudness measurement, and the effects of noise on human psychology and physiology. It explains the inverse square law for sound intensity, the impact of environmental factors like wind and temperature on sound propagation, and the concepts of acoustic shadow and diffraction. Additionally, it covers sound transmission paths and the effects of sound absorption materials in enclosed spaces.

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tawhid2ahmed
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16 views18 pages

Aa 05

The document discusses key concepts in architectural acoustics, including octave bands, loudness measurement, and the effects of noise on human psychology and physiology. It explains the inverse square law for sound intensity, the impact of environmental factors like wind and temperature on sound propagation, and the concepts of acoustic shadow and diffraction. Additionally, it covers sound transmission paths and the effects of sound absorption materials in enclosed spaces.

Uploaded by

tawhid2ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Architectural Acoustics

Lecture_o5
Frequency spectra :: octave band

• An octave difference between two sounds means doubling of the frequency e.g. 75-150 Hz, or
1000-2000 Hz.
• The range of all frequencies within an octave is referred to as the OCTAVE BAND.
• For the most practical purpose the following octave bands (in Hz) are used_
37.5- 75
75- 150
150- 300
300- 600
600- 1200
1200- 2400
2400- 4800
sound spectra :: octave band
Loudness :: Phon Value

• Loudness cant be measured directly by


instruments.
• A single value of dB will only approximately
describe a sound.
• The value dBA will give an indication of the
subjective effects of that sound.
Effect of noise
• Noise effect on human_ PSYCHOLOGICAL and PHYSIOLOGICAL

65 dBA_
• Up to this level noise or unwanted sound may create annoyance.
• The result is only psychological (nervous effects).
• Above this level physiological effects such as mental and bodily fatigue, may occur.

90 dBA_
• Many years of exposure of such noise levels would normally cause permanent hearing loss.

100 dBA_
• With short periods of exposure of this noise level, the aural acuity may be impaired temporarily.
• Prolonged exposure can cause irreparable damage to the auditory organs.

120 dBA_
• Causes pain

150 dBA_
• Causes instantaneous loss of hearing.
The acceptable effect of noise depends not only on objective, physical factors but
also on subjective, psychological factors
Noise in free field
• The inverse square law is applicable only to the free field conditions, where there is no obstruction,
no solid objects from which sound could be reflected.
• According to the inverse square law, every doubling of the distance will decrease the intensity to
one quarter.

• Due to logarithm relationship, there will be a intensity reduction of 6 dB for every


doubling of the distance.
a sound at 1km from source : I’ = 0.01 W/m²
at 2 km : I” = .0025 W/m² (I’ /2²)

I’ -2 -12
LI’ = 10 log = 10 log 10 / 10 = 100 dB
I˛

I”
LI’ = 10 log = 10 log 25 X10-4 / 10 -12 = 94 dB
I˛

• Distance also affects sound by the molecular absorption of energy in the carrying medium.
• For every 300m distance this reduction is _
1dB at 1000Hz
40 dB at 9000Hz
Changes in Intensity level :: Noise reduction
Decibel addition
Effect of wind velocity gradient

Moving air results the spherical wave


front in an increased sound
downwind and a decreased sound
upwind.

Effect of temperature gradient

As the velocity of sound increases with air temperature, the temperature gradient distort the spherical
wavefront ,i.e. an increased sound effect for a ground level observer at night and a decreased sound
effect during daytime temp inversion.
Acoustic shadow & Diffraction

• Screening or barriers in the path of sound can create an ACOUSTIC SHADOW, if the
sound is of a high frequency.
• At low frequencies, DIFFRACTION will occur at the edge of the barrier– thus the shadow
effect will be blurred.
• If the dimension of the barrier (in a direction perpendicular to the sound path) is less than the
wavelength of sound, the shadow effect disappears.
• As at 30 Hz the wavelength is over 10m, any barrier less than 10m will be ineffective for such
low frequency sounds.

Acoustic shadow at high frequency Diffraction at low frequency


Airborne sound Absorption & Transmission
Direct & Reverberant sound

• In an enclosed space, even form a


single source, there will be a complex
pattern of interreflected sound which
is usually referred to as
‘REVERBERANT SOUND’.
• Thus at any point in the space the
total sound receive will consist of two
parts__
a. The direct component
b. The reverberant
component
Airborne & Structureborne transmission

Sound transmission path

• Of five paths, 1 is airborne, 2,3,4 are structureborne ,


• Path 5 is also sturctureborne, but for practical purpose transmission through a wall of a sound
perpendicular to its plane is considered as airborne sound of transmission.
Sound decay outdoors & within enclosures

Fig : Sound decay outdoors in free field


Sound decay outdoors & within enclosures

Fig : Sound decay indoors in reverberant field


Effect of adding sound absorbing
material to a room
Effect of adding sound absorbing
material to a room

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