CS578: Internet of Things

Smart Home Monitoring

Using
ESP8266 and Webserver

Dr. Manas Khatua

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, IIT Guwahati
E-mail: [email protected] , URL: http://manaskhatua.github.io/

“Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of value.” – Albert Einstein
System Diagram

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Physical Setup
ThingSpeak cloud server
accessing from a
Laptop/PC/Smartphone

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 Router Configuration
To Connect with IITG Internet

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 Router Configuration
 This is TP-Link WiFi Router
 ESP8266 (local server) will connect to this WiFi AP
 Sensor data will be uploaded to ThingSpeak server
through this WiFi AP.

 Login TP-Link WiFi using given IP (192.168.0.1) and password written on its label.
 Do the following:
 Go to Quick Setup and click on Next.
 Choose Operation Mode as Wireless Router and click on Next.
 Select WAN Connection Type as Static IP and click on Next.
 Set the Static IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, Primary DNS Server, Secondary
DNS Server and click on Next.
 Select the radio bands (2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz) and click on Next.
 Setup the Wireless radio bands selected above and click on Next.
 Confirm the setup by clicking on Save. The router reboots and reconnects.

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

********

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Cont…

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Connecting with Internet

• You should be able to access Internet in your Mobile/Laptop using TP-Link WiFi AP

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 Cloud Server Configuration
to Access Web Service

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Configure to use Cloud Server

• We use ThingSpeak server http://www.thingspeak.com

• First create an user account

• Then create a channel on the ThingSpeak to upload the data

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Create Channel Display

• Select Private View of the

created channel.

• Click Add Widgets

• Select the Numeric Display

widget, and then set the
display options.

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API Key and Channel ID

• To send data to ThingSpeak, we need unique write API key and Channel ID, which
will be used later in code to upload the data to ThingSpeak website

• Click on “API Keys” button to get your unique “Write API Key”
• “Channel ID” is also given on the top
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 IoT Network Configuration

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 IoT Network Configuration
• There are total five ESP8266
– one is acting as server,
– other four as clients in local network.

• ESP1- ESP8266 acting as local server

• ESP2- ESP8266 with Light sensor
• ESP3- ESP8266 with Pulse sensor
• ESP4- ESP8266 with vibration sensor
• ESP5- ESP8266 with temperature & humidity sensor

• Note: Unique ID for each ESP will be needed in programming

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 Sensor Configuration

ESP8266 with LDR Sensor

• Connect VCC pin of LDR sensor with 3V3 pin of ESP2
• Connect GND pin of LDR sensor with GND pin of ESP2
• Connect DATA OUT pin of LDR sensor with A0 pin of ESP2.

ESP8266 with Pulse Sensor

• Connect VCC pin of pulse sensor with 3V3 pin of ESP3
• Connect GND pin of pulse sensor with GND pin of ESP3
• Connect SIGNAL pin of pulse sensor with A0 pin of ESP3

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 Cont…

ESP8266 with Vibration Sensor

• Connect VCC pin of vibration sensor with VIN pin of ESP4
• Connect GND pin of vibration sensor with GND pin of ESP4
• Connect DATA OUT pin of vibration sensor with A0 pin of ESP4

ESP8266 with Temperature & Humidity Sensor (DHT11)

• Connect VCC pin of DHT11 with VIN pin of ESP5
• Connect DATA OUT pin of DHT11 with D3 pin of ESP5
• Connect GND pin of DHT11 with GND pin of ESP5

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 Arduino
Tool Configuration

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Configure Arduino IDE
• Download and Install Arduino IDE https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

• When the Arduino IDE first opens, this is what you should see:

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Install ESP8266 Board in IDE
• Go to File --> Preferences
• Enter the below URL into Additional Board Manager URLs field and press the “OK” button
http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json OR
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/releases/download/2.3.0/package_esp8266com_index.json

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 Cont…
• Go to Tools > Board > Board Manager

• Scroll down, select the ESP8266 board menu and install “esp8266 by ESP8266
Community”

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 Cont…

• Select the appropriate board

• Go to Tools >Board > NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)
• Finally, re-open the Arduino IDE

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Install Sensor Libraries
• In this demo, we use DHT11 sensor for which we will be using DHT.h
header file in the code. So, this header file should be installed.

• Install Using the Library Manager

– click to Sketch menu then Include Library > Manage Libraries
– Search for “DHT” on the Search box and install the DHT library from Adafruit.

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 Cont…
• After installing the DHT library from Adafruit, install “Adafruit Unified Sensor” libraries.

• There exist other methods for installing libraries

– Importing a .zip Library
• Sketch --> Include Library --> Add .Zip Library

– Manual Installation of Library

• Download the library as .Zip --> extract it
• Place the files in File --> Preferences --> Sketchbook location
• Restart Arduino IDE

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 MCU Programming

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 ESP8266 with Local Server
For ESP1, write the following code in the Arduino IDE and save as Local_Server_ESP1.ino
Install ThingSpeak.h library. Change the red colored text in code according to your setup.

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> //Including ESP8266 library

#include<ESP8266WebServer.h> //Including ESP8266WebServer library for web server
#include<ThingSpeak.h> //Including ThingSpeak library

IPAddress IP(172,16,117,192); //Static IP address of local server

IPAddress gateway(172,16,112,1); //Gateway of the network
IPAddress mask(255, 255, 248, 0); //Subnet mask of the network
WiFiClient client;
WiFiServer server(80);

unsigned long myChannelNumber = 2244718; //Replace with channelID of ThingSpeak channel ID

const char * myWriteAPIKey = "T4N14GFNKOPDWIWL"; //Replace WriteAPIKey of channel

const char* softAPssid = "ESP1_Server"; //SSID of the hotspot of ESP8266 acting as local server
const char* password = "12345678"; //Password of the hotspot of ESP8266 acting as local server

const char* wifissid = “TP-Link_A522"; //Replace with SSID of WIFI router providing internet access
const char* pass = "12345678"; //Password of WIFI router providing internet access

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 Cont…
void setup() {
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA); //station mode and access point mode both at the same time
Serial.begin(9600); //Serial communication at baud rate of 9600 for debugging purpose
delay(100);
Serial.println(WiFi.getMode());
Serial.print("Configuring SoftAP....");
Serial.println(WiFi.softAPConfig(IP, gateway, mask)? "Ready" : "Failed");
delay(10);
Serial.println("Setting SoftAP...");
Serial.println(WiFi.softAP(softAPssid, password));
delay(10); • Two functions exist in the
Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());
delay(500); programme: setup () and loop ()
WiFi.begin(wifissid, pass); • setup(): This function runs once
while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED) { when ESP first boots
Serial.print("."); • loop(): This function reads the LDR
delay(500);
} sensor value and connects to local
Serial.print("Connected to Wifi with ssid "); server then send sends data to
Serial.println(wifissid); local server
Serial.print("WiFi IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); // WIFI router IP address
ThingSpeak.begin(client);
server.begin(); //Start local server
}

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 Cont…
void loop() {
Serial.printf("Stations connected = %d\n", WiFi.softAPgetStationNum());
WiFiClient client = server.available(); //Waiting for the incoming data if client is ready to send
if (!client) {return;}
String select_fun = client.readStringUntil('\r'); //Reads the ESP8266 ID (of clients)

if(select_fun==“5") { //If ESP5 sends the data

String temp = client.readStringUntil('\r'); //Reads the temperature value
String Humidity = client.readStringUntil('\r'); //Reads the humidity value
//Upload the temp value to ThingSpeak server as first field of channel

ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber, 1, temp, myWriteAPIKey);

delay(15000); //Wait for 15 sec after one entry
//Upload the humidity value to ThingSpeak server as second field of channel

ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber, 2, Humidity, myWriteAPIKey);

Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temp);
Serial.print(" degree celsius, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(Humidity);
Serial.print("%. ");
Serial.println("Sent to ThingSpeak Server...");
}

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 Cont…
if(select_fun=="2") { //If ESP2 sends the data
String LDRval = client.readStringUntil('\r'); //Reads light sensor value
//Upload the light sensor value to ThingSpeak server as third field of channel
ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber, 3, LDRval, myWriteAPIKey);
Serial.print("LDR sensor data value: ");
Serial.println(LDRval);
Serial.println("Sent to ThingSpeak Server...");
}
if(select_fun=="3") { //If ESP3 sends the data
String pulseRate = client.readStringUntil('\r'); //Reads pulse rate
//Upload the pulse rate to ThingSpeak server as fourth field of channel
ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber, 4, pulseRate, myWriteAPIKey);
Serial.print("Pulse rate: ");
Serial.print(pulseRate);
Serial.println(" BPM. Sent to ThingSpeak Server..");
}
if(select_fun=="4"){ //If ESP4 sends the data
String Vibval = client.readStringUntil('\r'); //Reads vibration sensor data
//Upload the vibration sensor data value to ThingSpeak server as fifth field of channel
ThingSpeak.writeField(myChannelNumber, 5, Vibval, myWriteAPIKey);
Serial.print("Vibration Sensor data: ");
Serial.print(Vibval);
Serial.println(" Sent to ThingSpeak server..");
}
delay(15000); //waits for 15 secs after each transmission
}

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ESP8266 with LDR Sensor
For ESP2, write the following code in the Arduino IDE and save as LDR_client.ino

#include<ESP8266WiFi.h> // Including ESP8266 library

char ssid[]="ESP1_Server"; //Network ssid of hotspot of local server

char pass[]="12345678"; // Password of hotspot of local server
int val;
int LDRpin = A0; //LDR Pin Connected to A0 pin
IPAddress server(172,16,117,192); // IP address of local server
WiFiClient client;

• Change the IP address of Local Server (i.e. ESP1)

• Change the SSID and Password of WiFi AP hosted in Local Server

• Two functions exist in the programme: setup () and loop ()

• setup(): This function runs once when ESP first boots
• loop(): This function reads the LDR sensor value and connects to local server
then send sends data to local server

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Cont…
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial communication at baud rate of 9600 for debugging purpose
delay(10);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); // ESP8266 in station mode
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
Serial.println();
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.print("LocalIP:"); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.println("MAC:" + WiFi.macAddress());
Serial.print("Gateway:"); Serial.println(WiFi.gatewayIP());
Serial.print("AP MAC:"); Serial.println(WiFi.BSSIDstr()); // MAC address of access point
}

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 Cont…
void loop()
{
val = analogRead(LDRpin); // Reads the light sensor value
if(client.connect(server,80)) // Connect to local server
{
client.print("2\r"); // before sending data first send ESP8266 ID as 2
Serial.print("LDR sensor value: ");
Serial.println(val);
String LDRval = String(val);
LDRval += "\r"; // Add end delimiter
client.print(LDRval); // Send to local server
Serial.println("Sent to Local Server..");
delay(15000);
}
client.stop();
}

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 ESP8266 with Pulse Sensor
#define pulsePin A0 // Pulse sensor input pin A0
#include<ESP8266WiFi.h> // Including ESP8266 library

char ssid[] = "ESP1_Server"; // Replace with SSID of hotspot of local server

char pass[] = "12345678"; // Replace with password of hotspot of local server
IPAddress server(172,16,117,192); // IP address of local server
WiFiClient client; For ESP3, write the
following code in the
int rate[10]; // array to hold last ten IBI value Arduino IDE and save as
unsigned long sampleCounter = 0; // used to determine pulse timing
unsigned long lastBeatTime = 0; // used to find IBI Pulse_client.ino
unsigned long lastTime = 0, N;
int BPM = 0; // int that holds raw analog in 0. updated every 2mS
int IBI = 0; // int that holds time interval between beats! Must be seeded!
int P = 512; // used to find peak in pulse wave, seeded
int T = 512; // used to find trough in pulse wave, seeded
int thresh = 512; // used to find instant moment of heart beat, seeded
int amp = 100; // used to hold amplitude of pulse waveform, seeded
int Signal; // holds incoming raw data
boolean Pulse = false; // "True" when heartbeat is detected. "False" when not a "live beat".
boolean firstBeat = true; // used to seed rate array so we startup with reasonable BPM
boolean secondBeat = true; // used to seed rate array so we startup with reasonable BPM
boolean QS = false; // Becomes true when ESP8266 finds a beat

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Cont…
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial communication at baud rate of 9600 for debugging purpose
delay(10);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); // ESP8266 in station mode
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
Serial.println();
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.print("LocalIP:"); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.println("MAC:" + WiFi.macAddress());
Serial.print("Gateway:"); Serial.println(WiFi.gatewayIP());
Serial.print("AP MAC:"); Serial.println(WiFi.BSSIDstr()); // MAC address of access point
}

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Cont…
void loop(){
if (QS == true){ //if ESP8266 finds a beat
if (client.connect(server, 80)){ // Connect to local server
client.print("3\r"); // before sending data first send ESP8266 ID as 3
String pulseRate = String(BPM); // Convert into string
pulseRate +="\r"; // Add "r" as end delimiter
Serial.print("Pulse rate: ");
Serial.print(BPM);
Serial.println(" BPM.");
client.print(pulseRate); // send data to local server
Serial.println("Sent to local server..");
}
QS = false;
client.stop();
delay(15000);
}
else if(millis() >= (lastTime + 2)) {
readPulse();
lastTime = millis();
}
}

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 Cont…
void readPulse() {
Signal = analogRead(pulsePin); //Read pulse sensor value
sampleCounter += 2; // Keeps track of the time in mS
int N = sampleCounter - lastBeatTime; // Monitor the time since the last beat to avoid noise
detectSetHighLow(); // find the peak and trough of the pulse wave
// Now it's time to look for the heart beat
// signal surges up in value every time there is a pulse
if(N > 250){ // avoid high frequency noise
if((Signal > thresh) && (Pulse == false) && (N > (IBI/5)*3))
pulseDetected();
}
if (Signal < thresh && Pulse == true) {
Pulse = false;
amp = P - T;
thresh = amp / 2 + T; void detectSetHighLow() {
P = thresh; if(Signal < thresh && N > (IBI/5)* 3)
T = thresh; // avoid dichrotic noise by waiting 3/5 of last IBI
} {
if (N > 2500) { if (Signal < T) { // T is the trough
thresh = 512; T = Signal; // Keep track of lowest point in pulse wave
P = 512; }
T = 512; }
lastBeatTime = sampleCounter; if (Signal > thresh && Signal > P) // thresh condition helps avoid noise
firstBeat = true; {
secondBeat = true; P = Signal; // P is the peak
} } // Keep track of highest point in pulse wave
} }

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 Cont…
void pulseDetected()
{
Pulse = true; // set the pulse flag when there is a pulse
IBI = sampleCounter - lastBeatTime; // time between beats in mS
lastBeatTime = sampleCounter; //keep track of time for next pulse
if (firstBeat) // if it's the first time beat is found BPM = 60000 / runningTotal;
{ // how many beats can fit into a minute? that's BPM!
firstBeat = false; //clear firstBeat flag QS = true;
return; if (client.connect(server, 80)) //Connects to local server
} {
if (secondBeat) // if this is second beat client.print("3\r");
{ //before sending the data sends ESP8266 ID as 3
secondBeat = false; // clear secondBeat flag String pulseRate = String(BPM);
for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) // Converting integer data into string
{ pulseRate +="\r";
rate[i] = IBI; // Add end Delimiter "r" in the data
} Serial.print("Pulse rate: ");
} Serial.print(BPM);
word runningTotal = 0; // clear the runningTotal variable Serial.println(" BPM.");
for (int i = 0; i <= 8; i++) //Shift data in the rate array client.print(pulseRate); //sends data to locals server
{ Serial.println("Sent to local server..");
rate[i] = rate[i + 1]; // and drop the oldest IBI value }
runningTotal += rate[i]; // add up the 9 oldest IBI value client.stop();
} delay(15000);
rate[9] = IBI; // add the latest IBI to the rate array // Wait for 15 seconds after each transmission
runningTotal += rate[9]; //add the latest IBI to runningTotal }
runningTotal /= 10; // average the last 10 IBI values

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ESP8266 with Vibration Sensor
For ESP4, write the following code in the Arduino IDE and save as Vibration_client.ino

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // Including ESP8266 library

#define vib A0 // sensor input from A0 pin of ESP8266

char ssid[] = "ESP1_Server"; //Replace with SSID of hotspot of local server

char pass[] = "12345678"; // Replace with password of hotspot of local server

IPAddress server(172,16,117,192); // IP address of local server

WiFiClient client;

• Change the IP address of Local Server (i.e. ESP1)

• Change the SSID and Password of WiFi AP hosted in Local Server

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Cont…
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial communication at baud rate of 9600 for debugging purpose
delay(10);
pinMode(vib, INPUT); // Input of vibration sensor
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); // ESP8266 as station mode
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
Serial.println();
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.print("LocalIP:"); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); // IP address of local server
Serial.println("MAC:" + WiFi.macAddress());
Serial.print("Gateway:"); Serial.println(WiFi.gatewayIP());
Serial.print("AP MAC:"); Serial.println(WiFi.BSSIDstr()); // MAC address of access point
}

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 Cont…
void loop(){
int val = analogRead(vib); // Reads the sensor value
if(client.connect(server,80)) //connects to local server
{
client.print("4\r"); // Before sending the data sends ESP8266 ID as 4
Serial.print("Vibration sensor value: ");
Serial.println(val);
String data = String(val); // Converting integer data into string type
data += "\r"; // Add end delimiter "r" in the data
client.print(data); // sends sensor data to local server
Serial.println("Sent to Local server..!! ");
delay(15000); // After each transmission wait for 15 seconds
client.stop();
}
}

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 ESP8266 with DHT11 Sensor
For ESP5, write the following code in the Arduino IDE and save as Temp_Humidity_Client.ino

#include<DHT.h> //Including temperature and Humidity sensor library

#include<ESP8266WiFi.h> //Including ESP8266 library
#define DHTPIN 0 // D3 pin of ESP8266

char ssid[] = "ESP1_Server"; //Replace with ssid of hotspot of local server

char pass[] = "12345678"; // Replace with password of hotspot of local server

IPAddress server(172,16,117,192); // Static IP address of local server. Replace whatever you want.
WiFiClient client;

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11); // Data of DHT11 sensor in D3 pin of ESP8266

• Change the IP address of Local Server (i.e. ESP1)

• Change the SSID and Password of WiFi AP hosted in Local Server

• Install the DHT11 library and Adafruit Unified Sensor library for DHT11 sensor
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Cont…
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); //serial communication at baud rate of 9600 for debugging purpose
delay(10);
dht.begin(); // start Temperature and Humidity sensor
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); // ESP8266 mode as station mode
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
Serial.println();
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.print("LocalIP:"); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.println("MAC:" + WiFi.macAddress());
Serial.print("Gateway:"); Serial.println(WiFi.gatewayIP());
Serial.print("AP MAC:"); Serial.println(WiFi.BSSIDstr()); // MAC address of access point
}

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 Cont…
void loop() {
float h = dht.readHumidity(); // Read Humidity value from sensor
float t = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temp value from sensor
if(isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor"); // Error message
return;
}
if(client.connect(server,80)) // Connect to local server
{
client.print(“5\r"); // before sending the data first send ESP8266 ID as 5
String temp = String(t);
temp += "\r"; // Add “r” as end delimiter
client.print(temp); // send temperature to local server
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" degree celsius, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print("%. ");
String humidity = String(h);
humidity += "\r"; // Add “r” in data as end delimiter
client.print(humidity); // send to Local server
Serial.println("Sent to local server ");
delay(15000); // delay of 15sec after each transmission
}
client.stop();
}

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 Code Compilation and Upload

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Code Compilation

Compilation
successful
message in
bottom left
corner.

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 Code Uploading
• Plug in the ESP8266 boards one by one to PC/Laptop via USB cable
• Go to Tool menu, select Board “NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)” and Port “COM3”.
• Open the corresponding code and do uploading code in Node MCU.

Note: If COM port is not

detected automatically then
it is needed to install.
Download port drivers from
the given link and then
install and then restart the
system:
https://www.silabs.com/pro
ducts/development-
tools/software/usb-to-uart-
bridge-vcp-drivers

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 Observe Outputs

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 Open Serial Monitor
• First select the port (go to Tools > Port: ) to which the board is connected
then click the icon of Serial Monitor on the top right side of the Arduino IDE

Serial Monitor
of Local Server

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 Cont…

Serial Monitor
of ESP2

Serial Monitor
of ESP3

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 Cont…

Serial Monitor
of ESP4

Serial Monitor
of ESP5

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Results & Graphs in Web
• Open the ThingSpeak page and click on Channels > My channels
• Now select the channel that is created for this experiment (In this case ‘Monitoring
Four Sensors in Star Topology’).

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Cont…
• click on ‘Private View’ to see the uploaded data

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Cont…
• Temperature and Humidity

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Cont…
Light Sensor Pulse Sensor Vibration Sensor

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