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engineering data analysis module

This document is a problem set for Math 105, focusing on continuous probability distributions. It includes various problems related to probability calculations, cumulative distribution functions, normal distributions, and applications in engineering contexts. The problems are due by November 29, 2024, and require handwritten solutions.

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Vivian Ranches
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3 views

engineering data analysis module

This document is a problem set for Math 105, focusing on continuous probability distributions. It includes various problems related to probability calculations, cumulative distribution functions, normal distributions, and applications in engineering contexts. The problems are due by November 29, 2024, and require handwritten solutions.

Uploaded by

Vivian Ranches
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 105

ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS FOR CE


Problem Set No. 4
CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

General Instructions: All solutions must be handwritten.


Due until November 29, 2024, not later than 5:00 PM.

PROBLEM NO. 1

Suppose that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 for 0 < 𝑥. Determine the following:

a. 𝑃(1 < 𝑋)
b. 𝑃(𝑋 = 3)
c. 𝑃(3 ≤ 𝑋)
d. 𝑃(1 < 𝑋 < 2.5)
e. 𝑃(𝑋 < 4)
f. Determine 𝑥 such that 𝑃(𝑥 < 𝑋) = 0.10
g. Determine 𝑥 such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥) = 0.10

PROBLEM NO. 2

Suppose that 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.5 cos 𝑥 for −𝜋 2 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 2. Determine the following:

a. 𝑃(𝑋 < 0)
b. 𝑃(−𝜋 4 < 𝑋 < 𝜋 4)
c. 𝑃(𝑋 < −𝜋 4)
d. 𝑃(𝑋 > −𝜋 4)
e. Determine 𝑥 such that 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑥) = 0.95

PROBLEM NO. 3

Suppose the cumulative distribution function of the random variable 𝑋 is

Determine the following:

a. 𝑃(𝑋 < 2.8)


b. 𝑃(𝑋 < −2)
c. 𝑃(𝑋 > 1.5)
d. 𝑃(𝑋 > 6)

PROBLEM NO. 4

Integration by parts is required. The probability density function for the


diameter of a drilled hole in millimeters is 10𝑒 ( ) for 𝑥 > 5 mm.
Although the target diameter is 5 millimeters, vibrations, tool wear, and
other nuisances produce diameters larger than 5 millimeters.

a. Determine the mean and variance of the diameter of the holes


b. Determine the probability that a diameter exceeds 5.1 millimeters.
PROBLEM NO. 5

Solve the following problems on cumulative uniform distribution:

1. The thickness of photoresist applied to wafers in semiconductor


manufacturing at a particular location on the wafer is uniformly
distributed between 0.2050 and 0.2150 micrometers.
a. Determine the cumulative distribution function of photoresist
thickness.
b. Determine the proportion of wafers that exceeds 0.2125 micrometers
in photoresist thickness.
c. What thickness is exceeded by 10% of the wafers?
d. Determine the mean and variance of photoresist thickness.
2. An adult can lose or gain two pounds of water in the course of a day.
Assume that the changes in water weight are uniformly distributed
between minus two and plus two pounds in a day. What is the standard
deviation of your weight over a day?
3. A show is scheduled to start at 9:00 AM, 9:30 AM, and 10:00 AM. Once
the show starts, the gate will be closed. A visitor will arrive at the
gate at a time uniformly distributed between 8:30 AM and 10:00 AM.
Determine
a. The cumulative distribution function of the time (in minutes)
between arrival and 8:30 AM.
b. The mean and variance of the distribution in the previous part.
c. The probability that a visitor waits less than 10 minutes for a
show.
d. The probability that a visitor waits more than 20 minutes for a
show.

PROBLEM NO. 6

Solve the following problems on normal distribution:

1. Given a standard normal distribution, find the area under the curve
that lies
a. To the left of 𝑧 = −1.39
b. To the right of 𝑧 = 1.96
c. Between 𝑧 = −2.16 and 𝑧 = −0.65
d. To the left of 𝑧 = 1.43
e. To the right of 𝑧 = −0.89
f. Between 𝑧 = −0.48 and 𝑧 = 1.74
2. A soft- drink machine is regulated so that it discharges an average of
200 milliliters per cup. If the amount of drink is normally distributed
with a standard derivation equal to 15 milliliters,
a. What fraction of the cups will contain more than 224 milliliters?
b. What is the probability that a cup contains between 191 and 209
milliliters?
c. How many cups will probably overflow if 230-milliliter cups are
used for the next 1000 drinks?
d. Below what value do we get the smallest 25% of the drinks?
3. A research scientist reports that mice will live an average of 40
months when their diets are sharply restricted and then enriched with
vitamins and proteins. Assuming that the lifetimes of such mice are
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 6.3 months, find the
probability that a given mouse will live,
a. More than 32 months
b. Less than 28 months
c. Between 37 and 49 months
4. The IQs of 600 applicants to a certain college are approximately
normally distributed with a mean of 115 and a standard deviation of
12. If the college requires an IQ of at least 95, how many of these
students will be rejected on this basis of IQ, regardless of their
other qualifications? Note that IQs are recorded to the nearest
integers.
5. The average life of a certain type of small motor is 10 years with a
standard deviation of 2 years. The manufacturer replaces free all
motors that fail while under guarantee. If she is willing to replace
only 3% of the motors that fail, how long a guarantee should be offered?
Assume that the lifetime of a motor follows a normal distribution.

PROBLEM NO. 7

Solve the following problems in normal curve approximation.

1. A coin is tossed 400 times. Use the normal curve approximation to find
the probability of obtaining
a. Between 185 and 210 heads inclusive
b. Exactly 205 heads
c. Fewer than 176 or more than 227 heads
2. A pharmaceutical company knows that approximately 5% of its birth-
control pills have an ingredient that is below the minimum strength,
thus rendering the pill ineffective. What is the probability that fewer
than 10 in a sample of 200 pills will be ineffective?
3. A pair of dice is rolled 180 times. What is the probability that a
total of 7 occurs
a. At least 25 times?
b. Between 33 and 41 times inclusive?
c. Exactly 30 times?
4. One-sixth of the male freshmen entering a large state school are out-
of-state students. If the students are assigned at random to
dormitories, 180 to a building, what is the probability that in a
given dormitory at least one-fifth of the students are from out of
state?

PROBLEM NO. 8

Solve the following problems on gamma and exponential distributions:

1. If a random variable X has the gamma distribution with 𝛼 = 2 and 𝛽 = 1,


find 𝑃(1.8 < 𝑋 < 2.4).
2. Suppose that the time, in hours, required to repair a heat pump is a
random variable X having a gamma distribution with parameters 𝛼 = 2 and
𝛽 = 1/2. What is the probability that on the next service call
a. At most 1 hour will be required to repair the heat pump?
b. At least 2 hours will be required to repair the heat pump?
3. The length of time for one individual to be served at a cafeteria is
a random variable having an exponential distribution with a mean of 4
minutes. What is the probability that a person is served in less than
3 minutes on at least 4 of the next 6 days?
4. Computer response time is an important application of the gamma and
exponential distributions. Suppose that a study of a certain computer
system reveals that the response time, in seconds, has an exponential
distribution with a mean of 3 seconds.
a. What is the probability that response time exceeds 5 seconds?
b. What is the probability that response time exceeds 10 seconds?
PROBLEM NO. 9

A manufacturer of a certain type of large machine wishes to buy rivets from


one of two manufacturers. It is important that the breaking strength of each
rivet exceed 10,000 psi. Two manufacturers (A and B) offer this type of rivet
and both have rivets whose breaking strength is normally distributed. The
mean breaking strengths for manufacturers A and B are 14,000 psi and 13,000
psi, respectively. The standard deviations are 2000 psi and 1000 psi,
respectively. Which manufacturer will produce, on the average, the fewest
number of defective rivets?

PROBLEM NO. 10

A certain type of device has an advertised failure rate of 0.01 per hour.
The failure rate is constant, and the exponential distribution applies.

a. What is the mean time to failure?


b. What is the probability that 200 hours will pass before a failure is
observed?

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