A TECHNICAL REPORT

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORKING EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

Held at

PEACE STANDARD PHAMACEUTICAL LTD

Prepared by:

ADEKUNLE FERANMI CYNTHIA

ND/22/SLT/PT/0848
SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCE

KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN

INPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY (SLT)

AUGUST TO NOVEMBER, 2024

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report of SIWES program for the 2023/2024 session is written and

submitted by ADEKUNLE FERANMI CYNTHIA with matriculation number

ND/23/SLT/PT/0848 to the department of SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY (SLT),
Kwara state Polytechnic, Ilorin.

_________________________ _____________________

Student signature Date

_________________________ _____________________

SIWES Coordinator Signature Date

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 DEDICATION

This work is first dedicated to God almighty for his immeasurable love and faithfulness upon my
life throughout my period of Industrial Training. This work is also dedicated to my entire family
especially my parent Mr. and Mrs ADEKUNLE for their care, love, and provision.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely offer priceless and invaluable gratitude to the Almighty God for his boundless love
and mercy upon me throughout the period of my industrial training. I am most grateful to my
parents Mr. and Mrs. ADEKUNLE for their financial and moral support throughout the period
of my Industrial Training. Not left out my siblings, friends and loved ones especially my brother
future and favor. I love you all. My profound gratitude goes to the managements, staff and my
fellow industrial Trainee. Finally I want to say a big thank you to my HOD, all my lecturers, the
Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin. And every other person that has been helpful during the period
of my Industrial Training. I say may God bless you all beyond measures amen.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page i

Table of content ii

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background of SIWES 1

1.2 Objectives of SIWES 2

1.3 Objectives of establishment 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.1. Precaution taken in the laboratory 4

2.2. Equipments used in the laboratory 4

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Some equipment and there uses 6

3.2 sample collection 6

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Microbiology unit 8

4.2 Labelling 8

4.3 Widal agglutination 8

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Haematology unit 12

5.1 Packed cell volume 12

5.2 Conclusion and recommendation 13

5.3 conclusion 13

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 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION/HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
ESTABLISHMENT

1.1 Introduction

The students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in 1973/1974

session. Prior to the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among our

industrialists that graduates of our institutions of higher learning lacked adequate practical

background studies preparatory for employment in the Industries. It is against this background

that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme was hinged. Consequently, the scheme

affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the needed

experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available in their

institutions.

The growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our institutions of Higher

learning lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in industries,

led to the formation of Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) by ITF in

1993/1994. (Information and Guideline for SIWES 2002) ITF has as one of its key functions;

(1) to work as cooperative entity with industry and commerce where students in institutions of

higher learning can undertake mid-career work experience attachment in industries which are

compatible with students area of study. The scheme was designed to expose students to industrial

environment and enable them to development and enable them develop occupational

competencies so that they can readily contribute their quota to national economic and

technological development after graduation. The Scheme also enables students to acquire

knowledge, skill and experience to perform jobs in their respected fields.

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 The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by ITF in 1973 to

solve the problem of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in industries

by Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions. The SIWES Programmes being a skills acquisition

programme blends theory with practice in the industrial and commercial activities of our national

economy.

SIWES is a cooperative industrial internship program that involves institutions of higher

learning, Industries, the Federal government of Nigeria, Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Nigerian

Universities Commission (NUC) and NBTE/NCCEE in Nigeria.

The scheme affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the

needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available in their

institutions. Thus, the students' industrial work experience scheme generally referred to I.T

(Industrial Attachment) is an initiative of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) that provides

avenues for student in institutions of higher learning to acquire practical skills that they are likely

to meet after graduation.

It is against this background that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by the

Fund during its formative years – 1973/74 was introduced to acquaint students with the skills of

handling employers’ equipment and machinery.

The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. But as the financial involvement

became unbearable to the Fund, it withdrew from the Scheme in 1978. The Federal Government

handed over the scheme in 1979 to both the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the

National Board for Technical Education (NBTE). Later the Federal Government in November

1984 reverted the management and implementation of the SIWES Programme to ITF and it was

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effectively taken over by the Industrial Training Fund in July 1985 with the funding being solely

borne by the Federal Government

Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of Diploma and

Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning in the country, in

accordance with the education policy of government.

1.2 The objective of SIWES among others include, to:

a. Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience in their course of study, which are restricted to Engineering and Technology
including Environmental studies and other courses that may be approved. Courses of NCE
(Technical), NCE Agriculture, NCE (Business), NCE (Fine and Applied Arts) and NCE
(Home Economics) in Colleges of Education are also included.
b. Prepare students for the industrial work situation they are to meet after graduation;

c. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that

may not be available in their institutions.

d. Make the transition from school to the world of work easier, and enhance students’ contacts

for later job placement;

e. Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation thereby

bridging the gap between theory and practice; and

f. Enlist and strengthen employers, involvement in the entire educational process and prepare

students for employment in Industry and Commerce.

1.3 Benefits of Industrial Training to Students are;

a. The scheme provides students the opportunity to apply the theoretical principles taught in

schools is real job situation. This leads to better understanding of the subjects.

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b. It affords them the opportunity to interact with a larger spectrum of people in industrial set

up which is different from campus life. Hence this helps personality and maturity development.

c. It enables the students prepare themselves for the future of work. The taste of the pudding is

in the eating. Hence, this is an opportunity to peep into the future and determine how much they

are ready for it.

d. The scheme helps the students in developing intellectual skills as they are often left on their

own to take technical decisions and often analyze complex inter disciplinary problems and offer

appropriate solutions applicable to real situation.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 HISTORY OF PEACE STANDARD PHAMACEUTICAL LTD

Peace Standard Phamaceutical Ltd is one of the well-recognized indigenous drug

manufacturing company in Nigeria which is fully approve by the National Agency of Food and
Drugs (NAFDAC).

It was registered in May 1996 and was founded by Mr. Oluwole Awotuyi with 36
workers and 4 managerial team as there foundation staff

The raw materials used by the industry are exploited from Germany through it agent at
Lagos while some other raw materials are prepared locally.

The company product has a wide range of market network to various part of the country
where the products are sold via sales representatives.

2.2 TYPES OF DEPARTMENT IN PEACE STANDARD

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD.
 Administrative Department
 Maintenance Department
 Production Department
 Quality Department

Administrative Department

This consists of account, secretary, auditing, sales and marketing.

Auditing section examine the company financial record to check that they are correct.
The sales and marketing section deals with how the product produces will get to the market and
the accounting section is concern with the money.

Maintenance Department

This department consists of mechanical, electrical section. They deal with maintenance
and services of any faulty machine and equipment.

Production Department

It consistsof quarantine, granulation, packaging capsulating section. These are for

product and for syrup we are compounding, filling, packaging, quarantine finish product. This
department deals with the production of different product.

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Quality Control Department

These departments consist of chemical lab and microbiological lab. These department is
the heart beat of the company because it control allthe department in the organization. The
department over sees sampling, testing and analysis of raw materials to inter-mediary and finish
product that it meet the require laid down standard.

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CHAPTER THREE
3.1 ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

I was inside the factory where I was thought about several drugs and their Active Pharmaceutical

Ingredient (API).

Drugs and their API

Tablet
Product Name API

Pcmx96 Paracetamol

Tumol x 500 Paracetamol

Tumol x 200 Paracetamol

Tumol Extral x 200 Paracetamol and Caffin

Vamadiacapsule Furazonidone

Bonso Tablet Dioxmin

Syrup

Product Name API

Monomn Vit B2, B12, B6, B1, Vit A, D Cold liver Oil

and vit Bit B5

Vamobion FAC (ferric Ammonium Citrate)

Folic Acid, Vit B9, B12, B2, B1, B6

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Vamivite Syrup Vit B, Vit B6, Vit K, and Vit D

Vamicee Syrup Ascorbic Acid

Babyrec Syrup PCM, Chrlorophenicanine oil

Vetenary

Product API

Bamiziole green sus Ambemazole

Tubezole Yello Sus Ambebazole

Vamizole Leravamizole

Votrasc Pink Bolus Leramizone Hcl

Antibiotic

Product Name API

Amp Sus. Ampiciline trihydrate

Amp Dry sus. Ampiciline trihydrate

Tuclose dry sus. Ampiciline trihydrate and clsaciline sodium.

I was taken to the quality control department. I learnt that, thequality control department (QC

Department) oversees sampling, testing analysis of raw material to the intermediary and finish

product. It consists of chemical and micro section where various test are being carried out to

ensure that product meet the required lay down specification. Good manufacturing factor (GMF)

plus Quality Control = Quality Assurance

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 GMF+QC = QA

It’s to ensure compliance of facility and control use for manufacturing processing, packaging,

storage, warehousing confirmed to be current GMF, so that finish product meet the quality

identity , strength, quality and purity standard which it passes out it life.

I was thought some safety precaution in the laboratory. These are safety measures and

precautions to be before any laboratory experiment is carried out so as to avoid accident.

 Lab should be kept clean, free of any materials except those needed to perform day to day

function.

 Sterile lab coat, factory shoe, nose cover or nose mask, eye google and gloves must be wore

during work.

 Do not eat, drink or apply cosmetic caulk creates contamination.

 Do not taste or drink any chemical, near small any chemical directly.

 Work areas and bench top should be free from obstruction.

 The lab should be well ventilated to avoid suffocation

 Lab floor and benches should be always be clean and disinfected before or after each works

 Do not touch surface of hot plate always assume that it hot and many more.

I was taught some standard Operating procedure for in processing on tablet.

 The granules must be Weight in the present of QC inspector and LOD must be tasted .

 After giving the recommended weight for Approving the granules, it can be compress to

Tablet

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The in-process officer monitor the standard in weight and test of the tablet the following

parameter:-

 Hardness between 4-7kg/cm3

 Tablet disintegration not more than 15mins.

 Weight variation:- when the granules is too wet, it will cause stinking of the granules to

the bunches and it can be redry.

 When the granules are too dry it will cause capping of the tablet which makes the

percentage friability too high. It can be moist.

 The uniformity of weight must be monitored at regular interval of 15min and find the

deviation

 The sample of the tablet can be sent to the lab for analysis

 The Room and personal must be clean

HOW TO CALCULATE DEVIATOR

Deviator = HV-RRW

RRW

Where

HV- Highest Value

RRW- Recommended running weight

Standard Operating procedure for in processing for dry syrup or Anti Biotic

- After drying the Anti-biotic granules & sugar, the in-process office will check for

moisture content and LOD.

- The weight of gunwales will be sent for running weight

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 - The personal will check for viscosity and PH and SG (specific gravity)

- An approved will be placed at the filling room

- The weight should be monitor at interval of 15mins and find the deviation.

- The personnel must put on nose court, neat over all, hand gloves and avoid sides talk

I learnt about vitamins

Types of vitamins, structure and Appearance

- Folic Acid (vit B9)

Structural:- C19 H19 A7 O6

Percentage content:- 96 to 102%

Appearance:- A yellowish orange Crystal powder

Solubility:-partially insoluble in H2O and in most in organic solvent. It dissolve in dilate acid

and alkaline solution

Vitamin B12 (Cyanotabalamine)

Structural formular:- C63 H88 (N14 D14 P

Percentage content;- 96-102%

Appearance:- Dark red, crystals

Solubility:-sparingly soluble in H2O and ethanol 96%, partially insoluble in acetone.

I was taught how to prepare some indicators

Methyl Orange solution:-

A dissolve 0.1g of methyl orange power in 8m/s of H2O and dilute to 100ml ethanol.

Appearance:- orange yellow crystalline power, slightly soluble in H 2O and partially insoluble

in ethanol.

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Methyl Orange Xynene Cyanol Solution

Dissolve 0.1g of methyl orange and 0.2g of xynene Cyanol in 50ml of ethanol and add sufficient

H2O to produce 100mls

Methyl Red:

Appearance: dark red powder, violet crystals, partially insoluble in ethanol.

Preparation

50 mg of methyl red in a mixture of 1.86ml of 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide and 50ml ethanol

(96%) and dilute to 100mls with H2O.

I Prepared Some Re- Agent Use in the Lab

0.1m silver nitrate (Ag No3)

5% weight per volume of potassium chromate solution as indicator (K2Cr O3)

Procedure

Measure 100ml of H2O in the chronicle flask, add 1ml of K 2CrO3 and titrate to 0.1m silver

nitrate, stir continually by the means of glass rod until permanent finite brick red colour is

obtained.

Production of Some Drugs

1. PCM ( paracetamol)

Drug preparation in PCM

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 Chemical name: - Paracetamol is fore- hydroxide milinde. It contains not less than 99%

and not more than 101%.

Chemical formula C8H9No2

Characteristic of PCM powder

White crystalline powder, odorless sparely soluble in water freely soluble in ethanol

1.96%, very soluble in chloroform and other (physic- chemical Test).

Identification Test: -

A) Dissolve 50g of PCM in a sufficient methanol to produce 100ml to 1m of solution add

0.5ml of 0.1 Hcl and dilute to 100ml with ethanol, protect the solution from bright light

and immediately measure the absorbance at the maximum of 249µm. The A (1%, 1cm) at

the maximum absorbent 0.88 absorbance.

B) Boil 0.1g of PCM powder in 1ml of Hcl acid for 3 minutes, add 10ml of H 2O and cool,

no precipitate is produce. Add 0.05ml of 0.1m potassium Cr2, a violent colour develops

which does not turn to red.

Melting point: - Between 1680c. to 1720c.

LOD: - when dry to concentrate at 1000c to 1050c close more than or 0.5% of its weight

use 1g

Sulphated ash: - Not more than 0.1% use 1g

Analysis of PCM Powder

Weigh 0.15g of PCM Powder in a mixture of 10ml H2O add 30ml in H2S04 acid and boil under

reflex for 1hr. Cool and dilute with 100ml with H 2O. Pipette 20ml of sodium into conical flask.

Add 40ml of distilled water, 40g of H2O inform of ice (40ml of cold H2O) plus 15ml of 2m Hcl

acid and 0.1 of Feroin solution and titrate with 0.1ml ammonium cerium (IV) sulphate until a

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green color is produce repeat the operation without the substance, examine the difference

between the titration repeat the amount of ammonium cerium (IV) Sulphate required. Each Ml of

0.1m ammonium cerium (IV) sulphate equivalent to 7.56 mg of C8H9No2.

Manufacturing process of PCM

The raw materials are taken from the raw materials section after dispensary to the granulation

section.

The raw materials need for the manufacturing process for PCM tablets are: -

PCM Powder, Maize Starch, gelatin, Magnesium Sterate, Talc Powder, Methyl parapenpropane

Prepare in the preparatory room Granulation sections the granules is prepared as followed.

Stage 1: -

Take about 10kg of maize starch in a bowl and make it into a solution measure about 10L- 15L

into a parte pot and boil the water to 1000c, transfer your starch solution to the boiling water and

sold gelatine, methyl propane parapen into it and stir properly.

Stage 2: -

Transfer the PCM powder into mixer and pour the paste into the mixer and allow it to mix for

about 30 minutes. The process is called SLURY.

Stage 3: -

Take the wet granules and transfer to the dryer and allow dry about 40minutes, after the drying

transfer the granules into the milling machine of different mesh where the granules will be

grounded into smaller particles.

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Stage 4: -

The dry granules is powder into the dryer for the second time, add lubricant materials to it such

as magnesium sterate and talc powder are all to stay in the dryer for about 30 minutes from the

dryer, transfer the granules into selopen lylon.

Stage 5: -

The granules will be taken to the balance for weighing where by the granulation personal will

write the name of the product, batch number, expiry date, date of manufacture, gross weight and

net weight are affixed on the product.

The In-process personnel will affixed on under test label bearing the above information.

The in-process personnel will take the sample of Product to the lab to test LOD, percentage

purity or essay. After the granulation has passed the required perimeter an under test label will

now be change to an approved label. The product will be taken to quarantine for temporary

arrange, from quarantine. The product will be taken to compressor department where it will be

compress to tablet by compressing machine.

The compressing machine compressing of the following parts.

 Upper and Lower Punches

 Frame: during the compression of tablet the weight of the tablet will be monitored

properly and also some are processed, test will be carried out on the table. Such as DT

friability, hardness, and weight variation )

After the person as done with the compressing of the tablet will be packed in a container and take

the weight of the balance and it will be taken to the quarantine for temporary storage.

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Stage 6:

The tablet will be transfer in the blister department for blistering, the blister machine comprises

of the following part: upper forming heater & forming block, P.V.C.: the tablet will then be

packed to the man or carton then from there the tablet will be transfer into the finish goods store.

From there to the consumer outside the via representative.

Ascorbic Acid (vitamin c)

Chemical Formula: colt8 06

Percentage content: 99.0% to 100.5%

Appearance: a white or dark white crystal line powder or colourless crystal becoming this

colored on exposure to air and moisture.

Solubility: freely soluble in water

M.P: It melt at about 1900c with decomposition.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF VIT C SYRUP

Equipment required transferring pump

Jacketed vessel pip stick

Holding tank

Stirrer

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PROCEDURE

The raw material is taken from the raw material stored to the compounding section in the

mixing room where the syrup production will take place.

Such material is ascorbic acid (API) citric acid, sodium benzoate, CMC, sugar color,

flavour and water.

Assuming you are manufacturing in 2000l jacketed vessel.

Transfer about lool of H2O in to the jacketed vessel. Heat the water to the boiling point

1000oc by opening the steam, and put sugar into the jacketed vessel and stir properly to dissolve.

The process is called sugar syrup.

The sugar syrup is allowed to cool down, dissolved each of the following material in a separate

container and transformed to sugar inside the jacketed vessel and mix them for several minute.

Soak the carbon methyl cellulose in hot H2O and stir very well to give a smooth viscous CMC

and transfer to the jecketted vessel.

Transfer the flavour into the jacketed and stir it properly. Also dissolve the color and

transfer it to jacketed vessel.

Make it up to the volume with treated water, in the process, in- process officer will

affixed an under test label on the jacketed vessel bearing the Name of the product, batch

number, manufacturing date, expiry date on the jacketed vessel inside the compounding room in

which the drug has been produce.

Allow the temperature of the drug to cool down to 40c0

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takes the sample to the lab for in process officer to check i.e. PH temperature SG, ACT.

It meet the required specification, the under test label is changed to approved label

bearing all the information on the under test label.

The syrup is filter using a filter using pross and transfer to the holding tank. Then put approved

label to the holding tank.

I was also taught Record Keeping

Record keeping can be describe as a systematic compilation of similar data in an officer setting

or store in files or folders for the purpose of office administration.

Reasons for Record Keeping

1. Accountability

2. For future reference

3. To keep the track of event

4. For monitoring of program

5. For keeping effect of result.

Qualify of Good Record Keeping

- A good record must be available when needed

- A good record must be transparent to every body

- A good record must be chair writhen

- It must be kept in a save people

- It must be accessible when day need

- It must be dated

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 - In case of paper record in any part is tore out it must be put back by either replacing it or

gumming its

- Record must be properly label for easy identification

- Record must be traceable

- Record must be kept in files or folder and cabinet

- Record should be arrange orderly maybe according to date and name of events records of

Tumolx500 shall be kept differently from Tumolx200 and should be placed in ascending

or descending order according to dere date

- Record are to be hand with care

- Digital record like electronic record should have backup storage in case of system spoil

- Tangible record should be kept in a dry place that is free from H2O

I was taken to microbiology laboratory where I was taught to prepare enrichment medium for

liquid/ syrup, solid/ powder/ tablet.

I was also taught determination of total viable count for bacterial using pour plate method

I was also taught the determination of TVC of microbes in the environment.

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CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 SOME LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USE
 Weighing Balance:- use to get the exact weighing of chemical composition of a simple

Lab gene:- use for drying samples or drying processes.

 Heat Mental:- This is use for heating samples Tablet Disintegration:- To determine the

time taken for a particular tablet to disco lice in the body system.

 Tablet Dissolution:- To determine the amount of API that will be absorb by the body

system

 Moisture Analyses:- it is used to determine the moisture of granules

 Distiller:- This is use for distilling or to remove purity

 PH Meter:- This is an instrument use for checking the acidity and alkalinity of sample

 viscous Meter:- Is use to determine it thickness.

 Friability Test machine:- is used to determine the friability i.e the strength of a tablet or

cablet

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONCLUSION

My experienced gained during the period of Industrial Training at Tuyil Pharmaceutical was a

huge success and a great time of acquisition of knowledge and skills. Through my training I was

able to appreciate my chosen course of study even more, because I had the opportunity to blend

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the theoretical knowledge acquired from school with the practical hands-on application of

knowledge gained here to perform very important tasks that contributed in a way to my

productivity in the research institute.

5.2 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

The main problem encountered is getting placement

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

I recommend that all institutions or bodies involve in Student Industrial Working Experience

Scheme, should provide places of placement for industrial attachment for Student Industrial Training

Fund and also pay some allowances to students.

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