Scribd
Upload
10 views24 pages

Topic12 Structure

The document explains the concept of structures in programming, which allows the creation of new data types that combine various existing data types. It provides examples of how to define and use structures, including accessing their fields and creating nested structures. The document also highlights the importance of structures in organizing related data, particularly in scenarios like managing student information.

Uploaded by

sodamony2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views24 pages

Topic12 Structure

The document explains the concept of structures in programming, which allows the creation of new data types that combine various existing data types. It provides examples of how to define and use structures, including accessing their fields and creating nested structures. The document also highlights the importance of structures in organizing related data, particularly in scenarios like managing student information.

Uploaded by

sodamony2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Data structure and

programming I
Topic 12: Structure

1
OBJECTIVE

▪Understand and know how to create new data type that


consist of many other variables

2
Structure
▪ Allow programmers to create a new data type which consists of
other defined data types (int, float, character, string, …)

▪ It could consist of the other structure or itself as well!

3
Create new data type with structure
❑ Structure
▪ Problem: Information of a student (surname, name, age, sex). Suppose that we have 100
students, which data structure can be used to store these data?

▪ Solution: Array for each attribute

const (N : integer)  100


var name[N], surname[N] : sequence of character
Var age[N] : integer
Var sex[N] : char

▪ Inconvenient: The information are scattered from each other in many arrays.
▪ We are difficult to identify all information of a student.

4
Create new data type with structure
❑ Definition

▪ Structure a user-defined data type which allows us to combine data of different types
together. Structure helps to construct a complex data type which is more meaningful

▪ Each element/variable/data in the structure consists in the structure is called


▪ “field” or

▪ “attribute” or

▪ “member”

5
Create new data type with structure
❑ Declaration

▪ Before we can create a variable of a type structure, we need to create the structure
type first.

▪ Syntax to create a structure type:


▪ After we define a structure type, we can
struct identifier declare variables of structure type
attr1: type
Must have the same name
attr2: type
…
Var varName: identifier
attrN: type
end struct 6
Create new data type with structure
❑ Example

▪ Suppose we create a structure for storing a student information


Syntax in C program:
struct student
surname, name: string
age: integer
sex: char
end struct
Var s: student

struct StudentInfo s; 7
Create new data type with structure
❑ How to access to element in the structure

▪ The elements of array are accessed by index while the elements of structure are accessed

by . (period)

▪ Syntax:

structureVariableName.attributeName

8
Create new data type with structure
❑ Example

▪ Suppose we create a structure for storing a student


struct student
surname, name: string
age: integer
sex: char
end struct

Var s: student
s.name  “Sok”
read(s.surname)
s.age  20
s.age  s.age * 2
9
Create new data type with structure
❑ Example

▪ Suppose we create a structure for storing information of 100 students


struct student
surname, name: sequence of character
age: integer
sex: character
end struct

Var s[100]: student


For(i  0; i<100; i++) do
read(s[i].surname)
read(s[i].name)
read(s[i].sex)
read(s[i].age)
End for 10
Using structure in sub-program
❑ Example

▪ Create a subprogram to find the different age between two students

function diffAge(s1: student, s2: student): integer


begin function
if (s1.age > s2.age) then
return (s1.age – s2.age)
else
return (s2.age – s1.age)
end if
end function
11
Structure in C programming
❑ Examples

12
Example: Using structure

13
Structure in C programming
❑ Using typedef to rename name of data type

▪ Create a structure ▪ Create a structure and give it a short name

▪ Then to create a variable:


▪ Then to create a variable, we don’t need to
struct myStruct ms; use the keyword struct

myStruct ms;
14
Create new data type with structure
❑ Using typedef

S s1;

S s1;

15
Examples

16
Examples

17
Examples

18
Examples

19
An example to create
an Enumeration and
a Structure
in C programming

20
An example to create Structure
(normal and nested structure)
and using it in C programming

HOW TO:
✓ Create a structure, and nested structure
✓ Rename structure using typedef
✓ Create variable of type structure and
Initialize data.
✓ Use and access data in a structure
✓ Access data in a nested structure

21
An example to create Structure
(normal and nested structure)
and using it in C programming

HOW TO:
✓ Create a structure, and nested structure
✓ Initialize data to structure immediately
while creating
✓ Use and access data in a structure
✓ Access data in a nested structure

22
Create new data type with structure
❑ Imbrication of structure / nested structure

▪ Suppose that in the structure type of student, we need to specify the date of birth for each student

▪ So we can declare type structure as the attribute of other structure

▪ Example:
How to use:
struct date
Var s: student
day, month, year: integer
end struct s.dob.year  1997

struct student
surname, name: string
dob: date
age: integer
end struct
23
Q&A
24

You might also like