SDLC

Q: A software project has to be developed very quickly using parallel processing. What is that
model? Explain the process (RAD) (1+2)

Q: Draw the V-model. What are the specialities of V-model? (2+1)

Q: This software life cycle model builds a throwaway version. This throwaway version is intended to
test concepts and the requirements. The throwaway version will be used to demonstrate the
proposed behaviour to the customers. After agreement from the customer, then the software
development usually follows the same phases as the linear sequential model. What is this life cycle
model? Explain it with its advantage and disadvantages? How does a phased life cycle model assist
software management? (Ans: Prototype)

Q: A project needs to be developed for a substantial period of time. It may face several technical and
commercial risks. Which SDLC model needs to be followed? Draw a self-explanatory diagram of that
SDLC model. (Spiral model since it handles risk, full detailed diagram with 4 quadrants using radial
dimensions have to be shown) (1+4)

Q: Almost all SDLC models are iterative in nature. Which models are sequential in nature? (Waterfall
model and V-model) (1/2X2=1)

Q: Which is an evolutionary or meta model of SDLC? (Spiral) (1)

Q: An SDLC Model is to be followed where the exact specifications are unclear to the developers as
well as the client. The developers are also unsure whether the product they will develop will be right
the first time. What SDLC model is to be followed and why? (Prototype) (1+1)

Software Requirement Specifications

Q: When an SRS document is prepared, there are certain requirements say functional requirements,
design constraints, etc. Describe any 2 such requirements in details (1.5X2=3)

Q: Show a sample SRS document’s Table of Contents (5)

Q: Calculate the Gunning Fox Index for the following passages:

1. Select a passage (such as one or more full paragraphs) of around 100 words. Do not
omit any sentences;
2. Determine the average sentence length. (Divide the number of words by the number
of sentences.);
3. Count the "complex" words consisting of three or more syllables. Do not include
proper nouns, familiar jargon, or compound words. Do not include common suffixes
(such as -es, -ed, or -ing) as a syllable;
4. Add the average sentence length and the percentage of complex words; and
5. Multiply the result by 0.4.

The Gunning fog Index is important in software engineering as it helps ensure that technical
documentation, user manuals and other written materials related to software are easily
understood by the intended audience, including users with varying level of technical
expertise, by measuring the readability level of the text and highlighting areas where
complex language might hinder comprehension; essentially promoting clear and accessible
communication within the software development process.
It helps in
1. User-friendly documentation: By calculating the G.F index, the difficult sections of
documentation may be revised to simple language to help in readability of documents
2. Effective communication
In documentation, short sentences are preferred to long sentences. F.I. should be 20-25 for business
and writing and limited to 30-35 for technical writing.

Example

The passage above only consists of a single sentence with 87 words. Thus, we need to divide 87 by 1
to arrive at 87 average sentence length.
Next, count the number of hard words. In the passage above, there are 11 hard words. Eleven hard
words divided by 87 total words and multiplied by 100 gets us the percentage of hard words, which
is equal to 13.

Finally, summing up 13 and 87, we obtain a fog index of 100. That is much higher than the numbers
mentioned above.

Here is a revised version of the text passage, which is much shorter and easier to read.

Q: “If the phase containment of errors principle is not followed during software development, then
development cost would increase”-justify it and calculate the Gunning's fog index of this statement.

Justification: Errors appearing in one particular phase of the SDLC should be

No. of words: 18; Sentence=1

Avg. sentence length = 18/1=18

Complex words = containment, principle, follow, development (4)

Percentage of hard words = 4/18X100 = 22%

Fog index = 18+22 = 40 (slightly high)

Q: A shop owner allows credit facility to his customers if they satisfy any one of these conditions

Draw a decision table. Reduce the table and show whether the table is complete or not. (2+1.5+1.5)

Q: Draw a decision table to select the largest of three distinct numbers A,B and C. Reduce the table
and show whether the table is complete or not. (2+1.5+1.5)

Q: Construct a decision tree using this pay-off table. Where should a person invest as per the decision tree
analysis? (3)

Q: Consider a scenario of new membership in a library management system (LMS). The application
might present you with a menu for membership with several sub-menus, including options for new
members, renewal of membership for existing members, and cancellation of membership. Now at a
conceptual level, Decision Trees can represent these choices and the corresponding actions
associated with each choice. Draw the corresponding Decision table and the Decision Tree (2X2.5)

Q: Consider the following requirement for software to be developed for controlling a chemical
plant. The chemical Plant has a number of emergency situations. If the temperature of the
o
plant exceeds T1 C, then the water shower should be turned ON and the heater should be
o
turned OFF. If the temperature of the plant falls below T2 C, then the heater should be
turned ON and the water shower should be turned OFF. If the pressure of the plant is above
P1, then the valve v1 should be opened. If the pressure rises above P3 and the temperature
o
rises above T1 C, then the water shower should be turned ON and the valve v1 and v2 are
opened and the alarm bells sounded.

Write the requirements of this chemical plant software in the form of decision table.
DFD and Structure Charts

Q: Given the DFD, arrive at the structure chart using Transformation Analysis. Show the afferent
flow, transform flow and efferent flow clearly in the transformation analysis. (5)

Q: Given the following DFD, arrive at the Structure chart using Transaction analysis. (5)
Cohesion and Coupling
COST ESTIMATION

Q: Assume that the size of an organic type software product has been estimated to be 32000 lines of
source code. Assume that the average salary of a software developer is Rs. 20,000 per month.
Determine the effort required to develop the software product, the nominal development time and
the cost to develop the product. (3+2)

Q: Given the values of 50 user inputs, 40 user outputs, 35 external inquiries, 6 internal files and 4
external interfaces, if average weighing factors are considered, compute the Function Point when all
complexity adjustment factors (CAF) and weighting factors are average. (5)

Q:

COMPLEXITY

Q: Given the following program, draw the corresponding CFG and find out its McCabe’s cyclomatic
complexity using 3 formulae. Write down the independent paths to cover the CFG (5)
 Ans: No. of predicates=4 (while,
if, else-if, if), Cyclomatic
Complexity = 4+1 = 5

Q: Determine the Cyclomatic complexity of the sort function showing the CFG for the
aforesaid programme.
Q: Find out the McCabe’s complexity for the program X,Y and program Z

Q: Determine the early start and late start in respect of all node points and identify critical
path for the following network. (5) (Solved in PERT slide of Section X)
Q: Consider a software project with 5 tasks T1 to T5. Duration of the 5 tasks in
weeks are 3, 2, 3, 5, 2 respectively. T2 and T4 can start when T1 is complete. T3
can start when T2 is complete. T5 can start when both T3 and T4 are complete.
Draw the PERT chart presentation of the project. What is the slack time of the task
T4? What is the latest start time of the task T3. Which tasks are on the critical path?

A: t1 starts at week 0 and finishes at week 3.

t2 starts at week 3 (t1's finish) and finishes at week 5 (3 + 2).

t4 starts at week 5 (t2's finish) and finishes at week 10 (5 + 5).

t5 starts at week 10 (t4's finish) and finishes at week 12 (10 + 2).

The latest start date of t3 is the latest possible week it can start without delaying the
project's overall completion. In this case, it is week 8.

To calculate the slack time of t4, we need to find the difference between its latest start
time and its earliest start time. The earliest start time of t4 is week 5, and the latest start time
is week 8. Therefore, the slack time of t4 is 8 - 5 = 3 weeks.

To identify the critical path, we need to find the tasks that have zero slack time. In this case,
t1, t2, t3, and t4 are on the critical path as they have no slack time. These tasks are critical
because any delay in their completion will directly impact the overall project timeline.

Q: A software project involves execution of 5 tasks T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 of duration 10,
15, 18, 30 and 40 days, respectively. T2 and T4 can start only after T1 completes. T3 can
start after T2 completes. T5 can start only after both T3 and T4 complete. What is the
slack time of the task T3 in days?
QUESTION: (Solved in PERT chart slide of Section Y)