Paper 04

Q1. a) (i) Predict the sign of Sɵ for this reaction. Explain your answer.

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The free energy change, Gɵ, for this reaction at 1000 K is +51 kJ mol–1.

(ii) Calculate the value of Sɵ for this reaction, stating its units.

Sɵ = ............................. units ............................. [2]

(d) How would the value of Gɵ, and hence the spontaneity (feasibility) of this reaction
change as the temperature increases? Explain your answer.
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Q2. The spontaneity (feasibility) of a chemical reaction depends on the standard Gibbs free
energy change, Gɵ. This is related to the standard enthalpy and entropy changes by the
equation shown.

(a) State and explain whether the following processes will lead to an increase or decrease
in entropy.
(i) the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid
entropy change ...................................................................................................................

explanation .................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) solid potassium chloride dissolving in water
entropy change ...................................................................................................................

explanation .........................................................................................................................

[1]
(iii) steam condensing to water
entropy change ...................................................................................................................

explanation .........................................................................................................................

[1]
(b) Magnesium carbonate can be decomposed.

Standard entropies are shown in the table.

(i) Calculate Gɵ for this reaction at 298 K.

Include a relevant sign and give your answer to three significant figures.

Gɵ = ............................. kJ mol–1 [3]

(ii) Explain, with reference to Gɵ, why this reaction becomes more feasible at higher
temperatures.
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 (c) On heating, sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes into sodium carbonate as shown.

Calculate the minimum temperature at which this reaction becomes spontaneous

(feasible).
Show your working.

temperature = ............................. K [2]

(d) The solubility of Group 2 sulfates decreases down the Group.
Explain this trend.
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Q3. (a) Describe and explain the variation in the solubilities of the hydroxides of the Group 2
elements.
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The table lists the standard enthalpy changes of formation, , for some compounds
and aqueous ions.

(b) (i) Reaction 1 occurs when CO2(g) is bubbled through an aqueous solution of Ba(OH)2.

If CO2(g) is bubbled through an aqueous solution of Ba(OH) 2 for a long time, the
precipitated BaCO3(s) dissolves, as shown in reaction 2.

(ii) Use this information and the data in the table to calculate the standard enthalpy change
of formation of the HCO3–(aq) ion.
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Q4.

(i) Define the meaning of the term entropy.

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Hydrazine, N2H4, can be produced from chloramine and ammonia as shown.

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(d) Compare and explain the basicities of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine.

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Q5.

Explain your answer.

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(c) (i) Silicon tetrachloride can be prepared according to reaction 1.

 (ii) Explain why the entropy change for reaction 1 is negative.

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Reaction 1 is spontaneous at lower temperatures, but it is not spontaneous at very high

temperatures.

Calculate the temperature above which reaction 1 is not spontaneous.

temperature = .............................. K [3]

Q6. Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.

(a) Assume the entropy, S, for H2O is zero at 0 K.

Sketch a graph on the axes to show how the entropy changes for H2O between 0 K and
300 K.
(b) Place one tick (√) in each row of the table to show the sign of the entropy changes,
ΔS.

(c) The equation for a reaction that produces methanol is shown.

(iii) Predict the effect of increasing the temperature on the feasibility of this reaction.

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Paper 05