LESSON: 1 COMPUTER FAN

GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

COMPUTER CASE
CAMERA/ WEBCAM

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

MONITOR

KEYBOARD
RANDOM ACCESSS MEMORY MICROPHONE

MOUSE PRINTER

SPEAKER
MOTHER BOARD

NIC ( NETWORK INTERFACE CARD)

HEAT SINK
 LESSON 2
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
SOFTWARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- is the study, design, development,
-DESCRIPTION: A set of implementation, support management of
computer-based information systems,
Instructions, data or programs
particularly software applications, computer
Used to operate computes and hardware and mobile devices.
Execute specific tasks. - IT deals with the use of electronic computers
and computer software to convert, store,
FLASH DRIVE protect, process, transmit and security retrieve
information.
- Information technology is the technology
Description: Can store important files data used to store, manipulate, distribute or create
backups, carry favorite settings or information
applications, run diagnostics to  The main tool in ICT or IT is electronic
devices, that processes data according to a set
troubleshoot computer problems or launch of instructions which is a COMPUTER.
an OS from a bootable USB Definition of Computer
 A programmable machine.
SCANNER  Any device which aids humans in performing
various kinds of computations or calculations.
Description: A device that captures images Three principal characteristics of computer
from photographic prints, posters, 1. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a
magazine pages and similar sources for well- defined manner.
computer editing and display. 2. It can execute a pre-recorded list of
instructions.
3. It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts
HARD DISK DRIVE of data.
Description: A data storage device that History of computer: Basic Computing Period
stores and retrieves digital data using Earliest computer originally calculations were
computed by humans, whose job titles were
magnetic disks. computers.
 These human computers were typically
HARDWARE- Description: The physical engaged in the calculation of mathematical
components of a computer that you can expressions.
 The calculations of this period were
see and touch. specialized and expensive, requiring years of
training in mathematics.
COMPUTER  The first use of the word "computer" was
Description: An electronic device for recorded in 1613, referring to a person who
carried out calculations, or computations, and
storing and processing data, typically in the word continued to be used in that sense
binary form, according to instructions until the middle of the 20th century.
given to it in a variable program.

Tools in Computing
TALLY STICKS - ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical
- an ancient memory aid device to record and Integrator and Computer
document numbers, quantities, or even - It was the first electronic general-purpose
messages. computer.
ABACUS - Completed in 1946.
- is a mechanical device used to aid an - Developed by John Presper Eckert and
individual in performing calculations. John Mauchly
- The abacus was invented in Babylonian in UNIVAC 1
2400 В.С. - The UNIVAC 1 (UNIVersal Automatic
- The abacus in the form we are most familiar Computer 1) was the first commercial
with was first used in China in around 500 computer.
B.C. EDVAC
- It is used to perform basic arithmetic - EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete
operations Variable Automatic Computer
NAPIER’S BONES - The first stored program computer
- Invented by John Napier in 1614. - Designed by John Von Neumann in 1952.
- Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and - It has memory to hold both stored programs
calculate square and cube roots by moving the as well as data.
rods around and placing them in specially The first portable computer
constructed boards. - The first computer company was the
Electronic Controls Company.
SIDE RULE - Founded in 1949 by John Presper Eckert
- Invented by William Oughtred in 1622. and John Mauchly.
- Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms. History of Computer: Generations of Computer
- Used primarily for -multiplication - division - First Generation (1940 to 1956)
roots - logarithms – trigonometry Second Generation (1956 to 1964)
- Not normally used for addition or subtraction. Third Generation (1964 to 1971)
Fourth Generation (1971 to present)
Fifth Generation (Present & beyond

HARDWARE
PASCALINE - Any physical device or equipment used in or
- Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. with a computer system
- It was too expensive. EXTERNAL HARDWARE
JACQUARD LOOM - any hardware device that is located outside
- The jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, the computer.
invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in INPUT DEVICE - a piece of hardware device,
1881. which is used to enter information to a computer for
- It is an automatic loom controlled by punched processing.
cards OUTPUT DEVICE - a piece of hardware device
Z1 that receives information from a computer.
- The first programmable computer. INTERNAL HARDWARE - any piece of hardware
- Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from device that is located inside the computer
1936 to 1938. SOFTWARE
- To program the Z1 required that the used - A set of instructions or programs that tells a
insert punch tape into a punch tape reader and computer what to do or how to perform
all output was also generated through punch specific task
tape - Main types of software- system software and
application software

ENIAC
APPLICATION SOFTWARE - a computer  Installed at the same time as the OS, usually
program that provides users with tools to accomplish by the manufacturer
a specific task  Runs any time the computer is on
SYSTEM SOFTWARE - it is designed to run a  Works in the background and users don't
computer’s hardware and application software and usually access it
make the computer system available for use. It serves  Runs independently
as the interface between hardware, application APPLICATION SOFTWARE
software and the user.  Software that performs specific tasks to meet
 Main functions of system software- allocating user needs
system resources, managing storage space,  Written in higher-level languages, such as
storing and retrieval of files, providing Python and JavaScript
security, etc.  Does not take hardware into account and
 Main types of system software operating doesn't interact directly with hardware
system, device driver, utility software,  User or admin installs software when needed
programming software, etc.  User triggers and stops the program
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)  Runs in the foreground and users work
- a software that controls and coordinates the directly with the software to perform specific
computer hardware devices and runs other tasks.
software and applications on a computer. It is  Needs system software to run
the main part of system software and
computers will not function without it. DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS
 Main functions of an operating system- SUPERCOMPUTER
booting the computer, managing system - The biggest and fastest computers.
resources, managing files, handling input and - Designed such that they can process a huge
output, executing and providing services for amount of data, like processing trillions of
application software. instructions or data in just a second.
- First developed by Roger Cray in 1976.
DEVICE DRIVER MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
- software program that is designed to control a - Designed in such a way that they can support
particular hardware device that is attached to hundreds or thousands of users at the same
a computer. time.
- The main purpose of device driver- it acts as - It also supports multiple programs
translator between the hardware device and simultaneously.
operating systems or applications that use it. - It has a high storage capacity and great
- It instructs computer on how to communicate performance
with the device by translating the operating
system's instructions into a language that a MINICOMPUTER
device can understand to perform the - A medium size multiprocessing computer.
necessary task - There are two or more processors, and it
UTILITY SOFTWARE supports 4 to 200 users at one time.
- a type of software that helps set up, analyze, - Used in places like institutes or departments
configure strengthen, maintain a computer for different work like billing, accounting,
and performs a very specific task. inventory management etc.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE VS. APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 General-purpose software that manages basic
system resources and processes
 Written in low-level assembly language or
machine code WORKSTATTION COMPUTER
 Must meet specific hardware needs; interacts
closely with hardware
 - Designed for technical or scientific
applications. LESSON 3
- It consists of a fast microprocessor, with a
large amount of RAM and a high-speed
graphic adapter.
- It is generally used to perform a specific task
with great accuracy.

PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)

- Also known as a microcomputer.
- It is basically a general-purpose computer
designed for individual use
TABLET AND SMARTPHONES
- The types of computers that are pocket
friendly and easy to carry are handy.
- These devices have better hardware
capabilities, extensive operating systems, and
better multimedia functionality.