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Eiffel Tower

The document provides an overview of four significant monuments: the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, the painting 'The Cossacks Writing Letter to Turkish Sultan' by Ilya Repin, and the Sagrada Familia designed by Antoni Gaudi. Each entry highlights the historical context, architectural significance, and cultural symbolism associated with these landmarks. The Eiffel Tower is noted for its status as a tourist attraction, the Statue of Liberty as a symbol of freedom, Repin's painting for its historical narrative, and the Sagrada Familia for its ongoing construction and religious symbolism.

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6 views4 pages

Eiffel Tower

The document provides an overview of four significant monuments: the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, the painting 'The Cossacks Writing Letter to Turkish Sultan' by Ilya Repin, and the Sagrada Familia designed by Antoni Gaudi. Each entry highlights the historical context, architectural significance, and cultural symbolism associated with these landmarks. The Eiffel Tower is noted for its status as a tourist attraction, the Statue of Liberty as a symbol of freedom, Repin's painting for its historical narrative, and the Sagrada Familia for its ongoing construction and religious symbolism.

Uploaded by

irynatroyanv03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower - an architectural monument of Paris , located on the Champ de


Mars , the symbol of modern France . The tower is named after its
designer Gustave Eiffel . Eiffel himself called it "the 300-meter tower" , other,
popular name - "Iron Lady". The tower has become the most visited tourist
attraction in the world.
It was built as a temporary structure to commemorate the centenary of the
beginning of the French Revolution and the opening of the Paris World
Exhibition in 1889, which was located in the palace of the Trocadero from 6
May to 31 October and symbolized wealth and independence of
France. Tower disassemble gathered shortly after the exhibition, but thanks
to the radio already established there, the decision was canceled.
Over 40 years the Eiffel Tower was the tallest building in the world, almost
twice higher than the tallest buildings in the world at the time - the pyramid of
Cheops (146.6 m), Cologne (156 m) and Ulm cathedral (161 m), the
Washington Monument (169 m) - while in 1930 it surpassed not
building Chrysler building in New York .
During the first balcony on all four sides of the parapet engraved with the
names of 72's famous French scientists and engineers , as well as those who
have made a special contribution to the construction of the tower. The graffiti
appeared in the early XX century and was restored in 1986-1987.
The first platform was built halls of the restaurant ; the second platform
placed on lubricating oil tanks for hydraulic lifting equipment (lift) and a
restaurant in the glass gallery. On the third platform placed astronomical and
meteorological observatory and a physical office. Light beacon was visible at
a distance of 10 km.
Statue of Liberty
Statue of Liberty - a national monument USA , a symbol of
freedom , democracy and justice. This is one of the most
famous sculptures in the USA and around the world, often called "a
symbol of New York City and the United States", "symbol of
freedom and democracy," "Lady Liberty". This is a gift of the
French citizens in the century the American Revolution. The Statue
of Liberty stands on Liberty Island ( Eng. Liberty Island ) .
The goddess of liberty holding the torch in his right hand and the
left side plate. The inscription on the label indicates "Eng. IV
MDCCLXXVI JULY »(« 4 July 1776 "), the date of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence . One leg of the "Freedom" stands on
broken chains.
In the crown of the statue are 25 windows symbolizing earthly and
heavenly gems rays illuminate the world. The seven rays on the
crown of the statue represent the seven seas and seven
continents , as considered in the western geographical tradition.
The total weight of the copper used for Statue tide - 62 thousand.
Pounds (31 tons ), and the total weight of steel construction - 250
thousand. Pounds (125 tons ). The total weight of the cement base -
54 million. Pounds (27 ths. Tons ). The thickness of the copper
coating statue - 3/32 inch or 2.37 mm.
The statue was built from thin sheets of copper, which struck in
wooden forms. Formed sheets were then mounted on a steel frame.
Since its opening, the statue served as a navigational reference
point and used as lighthouse.
To finance the project based Franco-American alliance led by
Labule. French Committee in Paris headed by Ferdinand de
Lesseps , builder of the Suez Canal . At the head of the American
committee was a lawyer William Evarts.
The French side was to ensure the construction of the statue, and
the American pedestal for her.
"The Cossacks Writing Letter to Turkish Sultan"

"The Cossacks Writing Letter to Turkish Sultan" - a famous painting


by Ukrainian artist Ilya Repin , which he created in four copies. Work
on the huge mural he started in 1880 and finished only 1891 years.
Plot this picture became famous Letter Cossacks Turkish sultan ,
written in 1676 in response Cossacks at the request of the Ottoman
Sultan Mehmed IV .

Plot
According to legend, the letter was written in 1676 ataman Ivan
Sirko "with all the Zaporozhian koshem" in response to an
ultimatum to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed
(Muhammad) IV . The original letter was not preserved, but in 1870
Yekaterinoslavskiye amateur ethnographer JP Novitsky was found a
copy made in the XVIII century. He gave her a famous historian D.
Yavornitsky who once read it as a curiosity, its guests, among them,
including Ilya Repin. The artist became interested in the story and
in 1880 launched the first series of sketches.

The history of
Repin itself sufficient to know the history of the Ukrainian people,
but to create the work turned to historian DI Yavornytsky . In a
letter to Stasov Repin wrote: "... no one in the whole world felt so
deeply freedom, equality and fraternity as Cossacks" .
After 1880, Repin worked leisurely and lengthy series of sketches
and selection models. Repin posed for many pictures of famous
personalities. In particular, the central character artist chose DI
Yavornytsky - scribe, and the chieftain Sulphur - of Kyiv
Governor-General MI Dragomirov . Cossack smiling in white hat
posing journalist and writer V. Gilyarovsky . The first oil sketch
was finished in 1887. Repin gave him Yavornytskyi. Yavornytsky
later sold it to PM Tretyakov , and now it hangs in the Tretyakov
Gallery .
The main (some would say classic) version of the painting was
completed in 1891. After the first public view of the artist
criticized because many believe the picture was "historically
inaccurate". However fate paintings developed successfully.
Even without completing the basic version, Repin in 1889 began
work on the second, the work on which he never finished. This
painting is slightly inferior to the size of the original version is, so
to speak, behind the scenes instance. The second version of "The
Cossacks" artist tried to make a "historically authentic", but was
clearly unhappy with the result and gave up halfway. It is saved
in the Kharkiv Art Museum .

Sagrada Familia (1882 - pre-2026 years)

Sagrada Familia (Temple of the Holy Family)


Sagrada Familia - the culmination of the work of Antoni Ґaudi.
This majestic church began to build back in 1882 , on the donations of
believers, although the Gaudi was involved in the project just 1884 r.
Until his death all the time he dedicated this building, apart occasionally on
other projects, and from 1914 , completely focusing on the cathedral.
The tragic death of the architect in 1926 r. Did not stop the construction, it
continues till now. The enormity of the plan can be assessed only from the
fact that the completion is scheduled only for 2026 year.
Sagrada Familia had a plan to become an architectural embodiment of the
New Testament , the inviolability of Christian beliefs.
Hence the deep symbolism of the temple. Under the project, temple has
three facades, each with its own name: the western - Christmas , Eastern -
Suffering of Christ and south - Ascension . Each façade has four towers
higher than 100 meters. Total scheduled twelve towers that symbolize the
number of apostles.
Of the three fronts of life for almost Gaudi was built only one. It has three
entrances, symbolizing Faith, Hope and Charity, which are decorated with
sculptural groups of gospel subjects.

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