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UIC - SOLID GEOMETRY - 2017 Key

The document provides an overview of solid geometry, detailing various three-dimensional shapes such as polyhedrons, prisms, cylinders, cones, and spheres, along with their volume and surface area formulas. It includes definitions and properties of geometric figures like pyramids, frustums, and spherical segments, as well as sample problems for practical application. Additionally, it discusses concepts like similar solids and the prismoidal rule for volume calculations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
64 views5 pages

UIC - SOLID GEOMETRY - 2017 Key

The document provides an overview of solid geometry, detailing various three-dimensional shapes such as polyhedrons, prisms, cylinders, cones, and spheres, along with their volume and surface area formulas. It includes definitions and properties of geometric figures like pyramids, frustums, and spherical segments, as well as sample problems for practical application. Additionally, it discusses concepts like similar solids and the prismoidal rule for volume calculations.

Uploaded by

john lomonggo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS – SOLID GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

SOLID GEOMETRY o RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER


In mathematics, solid geometry is the traditional name for the geometry of
Volume = Ab x h = r2h
three-dimensional Euclidean space. Stereometry deals with the measurements
Lateral area = AL = 2 rh
of volumes of various solid figures or Polyhedrons (three-dimensional figures)
including pyramids, cylinders, cones, truncated cones, spheres, and prisms.

o PYRAMIDS
o POLYHEDRONS A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at
A polyhedron is a closed solid whose faces are polygons. a common point called the vertex. Similar to prisms, pyramids are classified
according to their bases.

Ab = area of the base


h = altitude, perpendicular distance
from the vertex to the base

o PRISM
A prism is a polyhedron whose bases are equal polygons in parallel planes and Volume = Ab x h
whose sides are parallelograms. Prisms are classified according to their bases.
Thus, a hexagonal prism is one whose base is a hexagon, and a regular
hexagonal prism has a base of a regular hexagon. The axis of a prism is the line
joining the centroids of the bases. A right prism is one whose axis is
perpendicular to the base. The height “h” of a prism is the distance between the o FRUSTUM OF A PYRAMID
bases. A frustum of a pyramid is the volume included between the base and a cutting
plane parallel to the base.

A1 = lower base area


A2 = upper base area
h = altitude

V = Ab x h ( √ )

o RECTANGULAR PARALLELEPIPED

Volume = Ab x h = abc o CONE


Surface Area, AS = 2(ab + bc + ac) A cone is the surface generated
Face diagonal, d1 = √ by a straight line, the generator,
Space diagonal, d2 = √ passing through a fixed point, the
vertex, and moving along a fixed
curve, the directrix. Similar to
o CUBE (REGULAR HEXAHEDRON) pyramids, cones are classified
according to their bases.
Volume = Ab x h = a3
Surface Area, AS = 6a2
Face diagonal, d1 = √ o RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE
Space diagonal, d2 = √
Volume = Ab x h = r2h
Slant height, L = √
o TRUNCATED PRISM
Lateral area, AL = rL
AR = area of the right section
n = number of sides
Volume = AR x Σh/n
o FRUSTUM OF A CONE

A1 = lower base area


o CYLINDERS
A2 = upper base area
A cylinder is the surface generated by a straight line intersecting and moving
along a closed plane curve, the directrix, while remaining parallel to a fixed h = altitude
straight line that is not on or parallel to the plane of the directrix. Like prisms,
cylinders are classified according to their bases. ( √ )

o SPHERE

Volume =
Surface area, AS = 4 r2

Volume = Ab x h
MATHEMATICS – SOLID GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

o SPHERICAL SEGMENT OF ONE BASE o SOLID OF REVOLUTION

= 2 rh
Volume = ( )

First proposition of Pappus


The surface area generated by a surface of revolution equals the product of
o SPHERICAL SEGMENT OF TWO BASES (FRUSTUM OF SPHERE) the length of the generating arc and the distance traveled by its centroid.
As = L × 2 R

Second proposition of Pappus


The volume area generated by a solid of revolution equals the product of the
generating area and the distance traveled by its centroid.
Volume = A × 2 R

o ELLIPSOID
= 2 rh
Volume = ( )

Volume =
o SPHERICAL CONE OR SPHERICAL SECTOR

o PARABOLOID OF REVOLUTION

Volume =

Volume = = AL = [( ) ( ) ]

o SPHERICAL LUNE AND SPHERICAL WEDGE o PRISMOIDAL RULE

π θ
Alune =
9
π θ
Vwedge =
7

Volume = [ ]
o SPHERICAL POLYGONS
A spherical polygon is a polygon on the surface of a sphere whose sides are arcs
of great circles.

n = number of sides The prismoidal rule gives precise values of volume for regular solid such as pyramids,
r = radius of sphere cones, frustums of pyramids or cones, spheres, and prismoids.
E = spherical excess
o SIMILAR SOLIDS

Area =
E = sum of angles – (n – 2)180

o SPHERICAL PYRAMID

r = radius of sphere
E = spherical excess

Two solids are similar if any two corresponding sides or planes are proportional. All
Volume = spheres, cubes are similar.
E = sum of angles – (n – 2)180
MATHEMATICS – SOLID GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

For all similar solids, 12. Find the area of the base of a square pyramid whose lateral faces are equilateral
triangles and whose altitude is 8 cm.
A. 125 cm2 B. 131 cm2
( ) C. 128 cm2 D. 135 cm2

13. A pyramid having pentagonal base of side 6 cm and an altitude of 9 cm. Find the
( ) volume and total surface of the pyramid.
A. 177.4 cm3, 177.4 cm2 B. 167.5 cm3, 167.5 cm2
C. 185.8 cm3, 210.5 cm2 D. 210.5 cm3, 185.8 cm2
where As is the surface, total area, or any corresponding area. The dimension x may be
the height, base diameter, diagonal, or any corresponding dimension.
Sphere
14. A solid metal ball has a volume of 1500 cm3. It is melted to form a hollow
spherical object such that its interior diameter is equal to the diameter of the
SAMPLE PROBLEMS original ball. What is the thickness of the resulting hollow object?
A. 1.846 cm B. 1.659 cm
C. 2.015 cm D. 2.562 cm
Prism (Cube, Parallelepiped, Polygonal Prism)
Spherical Wedge and Lune
1. A regular prism with dimensions 3 x 4 x 6 cm is inscribed in a sphere. Find the
The central angle of a spherical wedge is 57.3°. The radius is 4 units.
radius of the sphere.
15. Find its volume.
A. 3.91 m B. 4.11 m
A. 46.23 cu. units B. 42.67 cu. units
C. 4.56 m D. 4.82 m
C. 47.23 cu. units D. 46.67 cu. units
16. Find the surface area.
2. A sedimentation tank has a depth 7 m with a base area of 150 m2 in a form of a
A. 91.12 sq. units B. 82.27 sq. units
pentagon. Find the volume of the tank.
C. 78.24 sq. units D. 62.81 sq. units
A. 1020 m3 B. 1050 m3
C. 1080 m3 D. 1100 m3

3. A rectangular solid block has a volume equal to 30 cm3. Find the maximum area
Spherical Segment and Zone (Frustum of a Sphere)
of the solid if the edges are integers.
A frustum of a sphere (i.e. spherical segment with two bases) has an altitude of 6.6 m.
A. 108 cm2 B. 112 cm2
The upper base diameter is 18.5 m while the lower base diameter is 32.9 m.
C. 118 cm2 D. 122 cm2
17. Find its volume.
A. 4512 m3 B. 5142 m3
4. The bases of a right prism are hexagons with one side 6 cm long. If the volume of
C. 3843 m3 D. 2251 m3
the prism is 450 cm3, how far apart are the bases?
18. Find the area of zone.
A. 4.246 cm B. 4.811 cm
A. 814 m2 B. 782 m2
C. 6.172 cm D. 5.322 cm
C. 612 m2 D. 564 m2
Truncated Prism
19. A sphere has a diameter of 32 cm. A frustum of the sphere is created by passing
5. Determine the base edge of a truncated prism of volume 1324 cm3 if the altitudes
two parallel planes, one 12 cm from the center and the other 10 cm from the
are 22 cm, 18 cm, and 26 cm. The base is an equilateral triangle.
center and on opposite side of it. Compute the volume of the frustum.
A. 8.83 cm B. 9.21 cm
A. 12803.27 cm3 B. 14117.23 cm3
C. 10.54 cm D. 11.79 cm
C. 14836.69 cm3 D. 15006.18 cm3
Cylinder
Spherical Sector
6. A cylindrical vessel has circular closed ends 1.2 m apart containing water to a
20. A sphere has a radius of 2m, find the volume of the sector if θ = 60°.
depth of 50 cm. The circular ends are 60 cm in diameter. When the vessel is
A. 1.785 m3 B. 3.415 m3
positioned upright, determine the depth of the water in the vessel.
C. 2.245 m3 D. 4.124 m3
A. 105.8 cm B. 101.3 cm
C. 104.5 cm D. 106.9 cm
21. Find the volume of the sphere that can be inscribed in a spherical cone having a
vertex angle of 72° and radius of 25 cm.
7. A right circular cylindrical tank has a base radius one-half its altitude. It is open at
A. 3320.39 cm3 B. 2856.07 cm3
the top. If its capacity is 240 m3, determine the area of the thin sheet required.
C. 3195.66 cm3 D. 2622.59 cm3
A. 189 m2 B. 192 m2
C. 178 m2 D. 182 m2
Frustum
22. Find the volume of a frustum of a cone having upper base radius of 3 m, lower
Pointed Solids (Cone and Pyramids)
base radius of 5 m and altitude of 6m.
8. A right circular cone is manufactured from a sector of radius 16 cm and central
A. 88 m3 B. 98 m3
angle of 216 . Determine the capacity of the cone.
C. 68 m3 D. 78 m3
A. 1675 cm3 B. 1235 cm3
C. 1055 cm3 D. 1425 cm3
23. The volume of a frustum of a rectangular pyramid is 439.84 m3. Its upper base is
4.24 m x 6.75 m and its altitude is 9 m. Find the smaller dimension of the lower
9. A cone of axis 30 cm which is inclined at 60° from the horizontal has a base
base.
diameter of 20 cm. Find the volume of the cone.
A. 4.25 m B. 8.26 m
A. 1294 cc B. 1982 cc
C. 10.72 m D. 6.75 m
C. 2721 cc D. 2891 cc
Prismatoid
10. If a cone has a height perpendicular to its base is 120 cm and its base has a
24. The cross-sectional area of a prismatoid is given by A = y2 – 3Hy + 5H2, where H
diameter of 80 cm, what is the curved surface area?
is the altitude and y is the distance from the base to any cross-section. If H = 16
A. 13625 cm2 B. 14705 cm2
m, find the volume of the prismatoid,
C. 15265 cm2 D. 15895 cm2
A. 15,701.33 m3 B. 17,866.67 m3
C. 12,352.33 m3 D. 20,877.33 m3
11. A right circular cone has a radius of 1.20 m at the top and an altitude of 4.80 m. It
contains oil at a depth of 2.40 m. What will be the depth of oil if the cone is
25. The base diameter of a certain solid is 30 cm. Find the volume of the solid if every
inverted?
cutting plane perpendicular to a given diameter is an equilateral triangle.
A. 0.21 m B. 0.32 m
A. 3,897.11 cm3 B. 7,794.23 cm3
C. 0.44 m D. 0.60 m
C. 15,588.46 cm3 D. 11,691.34 cm3
MATHEMATICS – SOLID GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

26. A cylinder of radius 6 m has its axis along the x-axis. A second cylinder of the 11. The closed conical vessel whose base radius at the bottom is 2 m
same radius has its axis along the y-axis. Find the volume common to the two and altitude is 6 m, contains liquid 3 m high. Determine the volume
cylinders. of the liquid.
A. 1065 m3 B. 1152 m3 A. 3.14 m3 C. 10.64 m3
C. 1284 m3 D. 1404 m3 B. 17.80 m3 D. 21.99 m3

Polyhedrons 12. The base diameter of a frustum of a cone measure 1.8 m and 1.2
27. A sphere is inscribed in a tetrahedron with a side equal to 5 in. What is the m and 2 m apart. Determine its lateral surface area.
volume of the sphere? A. 3.58 m3 C. 5.96 m3
A. 5.44 in3 B. 4.45 in3 B. 9.53 m 3
D. 13.21 m3
C. 4.55 in3 D. 5.54 in3
13. The altitude of a frustum of a pyramid with rectangular base is 5 m.
the volume is 140 m3 and the upper base is 3 m x 4 m. Which of
the following gives the dimension of the lower base?
TAKE HOME EXAM A. 9 m x 12 m C. 6mx8m
B. 4 m x 12 m D. 4.5 m x 6 m

14. At what distance from the base of the right circular cone must a
1. The diagonal of a face of a cube is 10 m. Find the total surface plane be passed parallel to the base in order that the frustum
area of the cube. formed shall be three-fifths of the volume of the given cone?
A. 150 m2 C. 200 m2 A. 0.26H C. 0.38H
B. 250 m2 D. 300 m2 B. 0.62H D. 0.83H

2. A cylinder is inscribed in a cube of sides measuring 2 cm. Find the 15. The frustum of a regular triangular pyramid has equilateral
volume inside the cube but outside the cylinder. triangles for its bases. The lower and upper base edges are 9 m
A. 1.27 cm3 C. 1.59 cm3 and 3 m, respectively. If the volume is 118.2 m 3, What is its lateral
3
B. 1.72 cm D. 1.95 cm3 surface area?
A. 129.80 m2 C. 168.10 m2
3. Two edges of a right parallelepiped are 14 cm and 13 cm, B. 133.70 m2 D. 252.50 m2
respectively, and their included angle 30°. If the altitude of the
parallelepiped is 10 cm, determine its total surface area. 16. A regular tetrahedron has a total a surface area of 140 ft 2.
A. 720 cm2 C. 722 cm2 Determine the volume of the tetrahedron.
B. 724 cm2 D. 726 cm2 A. 78.55 ft3 C. 85.64 ft3
B. 94.24 ft3 D. 98.77 ft3
4. The bases of a right prism are regular hexagon with one side
equal to 6 cm. If the volume of the right prism is 400 cm 3, which of 17. The corners of a cubical box touch the spherical shell that
the following most nearly gives the lateral area, in cm2? encloses it. If the volume of the box is 27,000 cm3, which of the
A. 154.08 C. 165.12 following most nearly gives the space outside the box but inside
B. 186.21 D. 304.12 the sphere?
A. 46458.87 cm3 C. 49560.78 cm3
5. A trough has triangular ends. The top of the trough is a horizontal B. 47584.87 cm3 D. 66458.78 cm3
rectangle 50 cm x 80 cm and the height of the trough is 40 cm.
How many liters does it contain when the depth of water is 30 cm? 18. The diameter of a sphere and the base diameter of a right circular
A. 45 liters C. 35 liters cone are equal. What percentage of the diameter must the cone’s
B. 55 liters D. 60 liters height be so that the volumes of both sphere and cone are equal?
A. 50% C. 100%
6. The horizontal base of a truncated prism is a rectangle with length B. 150% D. 200%
twice its width. The edges perpendicular to the base are 4 m, 5 m,
6 m and 7 m consecutively. If the volume of the truncated prism is 19. If a plane is passed R/4 from the bottom where a sphere of radius
2400 m3, find the width of its base. R rests, what is the ratio in the area of zones obtained?
A. 20.75 m C. 17.53 m A. 2.5 C. 3
B. 14.77 m D. 11.66 m B. 5 D. 7

7. A 4.2 cm x 4.2 cm square pyramid whose sloping edges are each 20. The center of each of two spheres having equal radius of 2 m lies
15 cm. Determine the total surface area. in the surface of the other sphere. Find the volume common to the
A. 48.83 cm2 C. 70.56 cm2 two spheres.
2
B. 124.76 cm D. 142.40 cm2 A. 10 /3 cm3 C. 8 /3 cm3
B. 7 /3 cm3 D. 5 /3 cm3
8. The base of a pyramid is a regular hexagon with each side equal
to 6 cm. If the altitude of the pyramid is 5 cm, find the lateral area 21. Find the volume of a spherical segment with an altitude of 9 cm
of the pyramid. and whose bases have radii 4 cm and 5 cm.
A. 129.80 cm2 C. 156.92 cm2 A. 258 cm3 C. 272 cm3
B. 184.17 cm2 D. 213.73 cm2 B. 286 cm 3
D. 306 cm3

9. A closed conical tank has a base diameter of 3 m at the top and an 22. A frustum of a sphere has a bases diameter of 12.60 cm and
altitude of 4 m. It is filled with water to a depth of 1.30 m. If the 20.40 cm. The distance between the bases is 3.60 cm. which of
tank is inverted, its base lying on the ground, which of the following the following most nearly gives the area of the zone?
most nearly gives the new depth of water? A. 240.90 cm3 C. 281.60 cm3
A. 0.0145 m C. 0.0278 m B. 392.84 cm3 D. 469.89 cm3
B. 0.0463 m D. 0.0875 m
23. A hemisphere bowl was filled to a depth of 6 inches with a mixture
10. The slant height of a right circular cone is 5 m long. The base compounded from equal parts of two liquids, one white and the
diameter is 6 m. what is the lateral surface area? other black liquid settling below the white. If the thickness of the
A. 24.71 m2 C. 34.59 m2 segment of white liquid is 2 inches, find the volume of liquid in the
B. 47.12 m2 D. 54.93 m2 bowl.
A. 622.45 cubic inches C. 640.89 cubic inches
B. 603,18 cubic inches D. 656.67 cubic inches
MATHEMATICS – SOLID GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

24. The water in a hemispherical bowl, 42 cm across the top, is 9 cm


deep. How much more water is needed to fill the bowl to the brim?
A. 4671 cm3 C. 4716 cm3
B. 4617 cm3 D. 4761 cm3

25. A hole of radius 2 cm is drilled through the axis of a sphere of


radius 3 cm. Find the volume of the remaining part of the sphere.
A. 36.28 cm3 C. 51.51 cm3
B. 46.83 cm3 D. 78.54 cm3

26. A sphere of radius 5 ft and a right circular cone of base diameter of


10 ft and an altitude of 10 ft stand on a horizontal ground. Find the
distance from the ground of a plane that cuts the two solids in
equal circular section.
A. 1 ft C. 2 ft
B. 3 ft D. 4 ft

27. The central angle of spherical wedge is 1 radian. Radius is 1 unit.


Which of the following gives the area of the lune?
A. 8 C. 4
B. 5 D. 2

28. The volume of a spherical wedge is 172.80 cm 3 and the area of its
lune is 86.40 cm2. Find the radius of the sphere.
A. 5m C. 6m
B. 8m D. 9m

29. Find the volume of a spherical sector having altitude of zone of 3


cm and radius of 5 cm.
A. 75 cm3 C. 100 cm3
B. 50 cm3 D. 25 cm3

30. The base diameter of a certain solid is 40 cm. Find the volume of
the solid if every cutting plane perpendicular to a given diameter is
a square.
A. 42,333.33 m3 C. 43,333.33 m3
B. 42,666.67 m3 D. 43,666.67 m3

31. A solid has a circular base 40 units in diameter. Find the volume of
the solid if every section perpendicular to a certain diameter is an
isosceles right triangle with its hypotenuse lying on the base.
A. 16,666.67 cubic units C. 12,666.67 cubic units
B. 14,666.67 cubic units D. 10,666.67 cubic units

32. A cone has an altitude of 9 m. A plane parallel to its base cuts the
cone y meters from the vertex. Find the value of y if the volume of
the small cone is one-third the volume of the big cone.
A. 6.92 m C. 6.76 m
B. 6.42 m D. 6.24 m

33. If the volume of a sphere is increased by 20%, by how many


percent will its area increase?
A. 12.92% C. 13.45%
B. 15.56% D. 16.67%

34. A car gas a mass of 1000 kg. A model of the car is made to a
scale of 1:50. Determine the mass of the model if the car and its
model are made of the same material.
A. 4g C. 5g
B. 8g D. 9g

35. A metal block weighing 240 kg is to be remolded into a wire of


length 950 m. The density of the metal is 8.95 g/cc. Find the cross-
sectional area of the wire.
A. 0.13 cm2 C. 0.19 cm2
2
B. 0.28 cm D. 0.41 cm2

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