3$*(


3$*(
2210/11 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7 Compiler 6
Any three from:
mach
c in
ch
 Translates high-level language into machine code
co de/low
de
ne code/low ow
w level language
go
g o/a
/alllll at
 Translates (the source code) all in one go/all at once
on
nce
e
 Produces an executable file
 Produces an error report

Interpreter
Any three from:
– Translates high-level language into machine code/low llevel
evel
vel llanguage
anguage
an
 Translates (the source code) line by line/statement by statement ntt
– Stops if it finds an error
– Will only continue when error is fixed

Question Answer
An swer
wer Marks

8(a) Any fourr from: 4

3$*(

 Shines light / (red) laser at barcode

 Light is called an illuminator
Black
 Light is reflected back // White lines reflect light // Bl acck lines
liline
nes reflect less light/absorbs light
ne
 Sensors / photoelectric cells detect the light
values
 Different reflections / bars will give different binary valu lues
es / digital values // pattern converted to digital values
 A microprocessor interprets the data

8(b) Any three from: 3

 barcode identifies a (unique) product
databasse)
 barcode can be used to look up product (in a database)
 data about stock levels can be stored on a system
 stock can be automatically deducted from the system
le
 can check stock is below a certain level // check stockk level
 automatic re-order // Alerts when stock is low
 automatically update new stock level
another
othe
 to locate if an item of stock is available in anot h r location

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 12

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8 1 mark for correct translator, 3 marks for explanati

explanation:
on:
n: 4

– Compiler

Any three from:

compiled
– Does not require recompilation // compiled pro
ogr
gram
d program can
ra cann be
be executed without a compiler «
– ... therefore, allows faster execution
– Provides an executable file «
– « therefore, allows him to just send machine code
soft
ftwa
ftwa
– Dimitri’s friend does not need translation/compilation software
w re to execute the program

Question Answer
Answ
wer Marks

9(a) QR/Quick response 1

9(b) Any fourr from: 4

– Read/scanned using app (on mobile device)
image
– It is the camera that is used to scan/capture the imag ge
3$*(

alignment
– The three large squares are used to define the alignme mentnt //
// uses alignment targets/modules
more
– Black squares reflect less light // white squares reflectt more
re light
– The app/device processes the image
– Each small square/pixel is converted to a binary value e

Question Answer
Answ
swerr Marks

10(a) Any fourr from: 4

– Conductive layer
– An electrostatic/electric field is created
electrostat
atic
– Sensor(s) (around the screen) monitor the electrostatic field
e
ic field
finger
– When touched (electrostatic) charge is transferred to fi
oc
– Location of touch is calculated // Co-ordinates used tto al
calculate
alculate touch

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2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(a) x Compiler 2
x Interpreter

6(b) Fourr from: 4

x Closer to human language/English «
read/write/understand
x « so it is easier/quicker to read/write/und errsttan
and
nd
program
x « so it is easier/quicker to debug the prog ram
am
x « therefore, less likely to make errors

x The program can be used on many different platforms «

x « because it is written in source code
x obj
b ec
ect
« because it is compiled into objectct code
code
co de

x They have built-in functions/libraries «

x « this saves time when writing the program

x Do not need to manipulate memory addresses directly

s di
d rectly «
x not
ot re
« therefore, specialist knowledge of this is no rrequired
quired
d
3$*(

x Only need to learn a single language «

x computers
pute
pu
« as this can be used on many different compu t rs

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 12

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(c) 1 mark for each correct tick (9) 3

H gh-l
Hi -lev
-l e el
High-level Assembly Machine
Computer code lang
la ng
n guage
language ag language code
(9)
(9) (9) (9)

10110111
11001100 9
01011100

FOR X = 1 TO 10
PRINT X 9
NEXT X

INP X
STA X 9
LDA Y
3$*(

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 12

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8 Fourr from: 4
x Used to attend to certain tasks/issues
x Used to make sure that vital tasks are d dealt with
ealtt w ith immediately
im
mme
m di diately
CPU/processor
x The interrupt/signal tells the CPU/proces sor (that
so (ttha
(tha
hat
at its
ts attention
a te
at tent ntion is required)
attta
x A signal that can be sent from a device ((attached t ch hed
ed ttoo th
thee coccomputer)
omputer)
x A signal that can be sent from software (inst (installed
stal
st a led
ed o onn tthe
h ccomputer)
he o puter)
om
x The interrupt will cause the OS/current processproce essss to pause
pa
p aus
use
x The OS/CPU/ISR will service/handle the interrup interrupt
upt
uppt
x They have different levels of priority
x After the interrupt is serviced, the (previous) process is continue continued
ued
ueed
x It enables multi-tasking to be carried out on a ccomputer ompu
om p te
pu terr
interrupt
x A valid example of an interru ptt e.g. ‘‘out paper’
outt off pape r’’ message ffor printer
or a p riinter
t

Question Answer
Answ
wer
e Marks

9(a)(i) Two from: 2

x Data is transmitted one bit at a time
3$*(

x Data is transmitted using a single wire

x Bits arrive in order/sequence

9(a)(ii) Two from: 2

time/simultaneously
u ta
ul
x Data is transmitted multiple bits at a time/simul aneouslslly
x Data is transmitted using multiple wires
x Bits may arrive out of sequence/skewed (and a are
r reo
re reordered)
rder
derered
ed))
ed

9(a)(iii) 1 mark for each: 2

x Data is transmitted in both directions
x « at the same time/simultaneously

© UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 12

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7(a) Three from: 3

x It is a translator
levvell language
x Translates (high level language) to low level lan
ngu
guag ge
x Executes one line at a time
x Translates source code line by line
x Runs error diagnostic
location
x Produces error messages to tell user location n of
of error
errro
ror
or
x Stops execution when encounters errors
x Continues translating when an error is fixed

7(b) Fourr from (Max three per benefit): 4

x Produces executable file «

x « this creates a smaller file size
x « more saleable

x Program will be machine independent / portable

portabl
bl
be«
x hardware
« this means it can be used on any hardwaree
3$*(

x No need for compiler to run executable file «

x « this means it will be quicker to run
x « customers can just execute the program

x Source code cannot be accessed «

x plagiarise
ed
« therefore, code cannot be stolen / plagiarised

7(c) Three from: 3

x Uses compression algorithm / by example e.g. RL RLE
R E
identified«
x Repeating words / phrases / patterns identified d«
x « replaced with value
x File / dictionary / index of phrases created
x Index will store word/phrase with value

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 13

2210/11 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7 1 mark for each correct term, in the correct place: 6

 Syntax
 High-level language
 Translator
 Machine code
 Assembly
 Low-level language

Question Answer Marks

8(a) Six from: 6

 SSL is a (security) protocol
 It encrypts any data that is sent
 It uses/sends digital certificates «
requ
ues
este
 « which is sent to the (buyer’s/user’s) browser // requestedted
te d by (buyer’s/user’s) browser
 « that contains the gallery’s public key
 « that can be used to authenticate the gallery
3$*(

will begin
 Once the certificate is authenticated, the transaction will beg
e in

© UCLES 2019 Page 13 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

2(a) One mark for each correct row 4

True False
Statement
(9) (9)

High-level languages need to be translated into machine

machine
ne code
code
d to
to run
run on
o a 9
computer

High-level languages are written using mnemonic codes 9

High-level languages are specific to the ccomputer’s

om
mpu
pute
ter’
te r s ha
hard
hardware
rdwa
rd ware
wa re 9

High-level languages are portable languages 9

3$*(

© UCLES 2019 Page 7 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

2(b) One mark for the correct tick 1

Example program Tick

Tick
k
(9)

1011100000110000
0000011011100010

INP
STA ONE
INP
STA TWO
ADD ONE

a = input()
b = input()
if a == b:
9
print("Correct")
3$*(

else:
print("Incorrect")

Question Answer
An swer
wer Marks

3 One mark for each correct term in the correct order 5

x Serial
x Parallel
x Serial
x Simplex
x Parallel

© UCLES 2019 Page 8 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

7(b) One mark for each correct row 5

True False
Statement
(9) (9)

Interrupts can be hardware based or software based 9

Interrupts are handled by the operating system 9

Interrupts allow a computer to multitask 9

Interrupts work out which program to give priority to 9

Interrupts are vital to a computer and it cannot function without them

hem 9
3$*(

© UCLES 2019 Page 13 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

8 Fourr from: 4
x A hacker could have hacked the network «
r
x « and downloaded the malware onto the network

x Clicking a link/attachment/downloaded a file from an

an email/on
em
maia l/onn a webpage
webpage «
x « the malware could have been embedded into the the
e link/attachment/file
lin
ink/
k at
atta
tach
tach
hme
ment
n /file

x Opening an infected software package «

x « this would trigger the malware to download onto the network

x Inserting an infected portable storage device

devi
de vice
vi ce «
x the network
« when the drive is accessed the malware is downloaded to the net
e work

x Firewall has been turned off «

x enterin
ing
« so malware would not be detected/checked for when enteringg network
ne

x Anti-malware has been turned off «

3$*(

x downloaded
wnl
« so malware is not detected/checked for when files are dow n oa
oade
d d

© UCLES 2019 Page 14 of 14

2210/11 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

9(a) Any three from: 3

− Closer to/is machine code
− May use mnemonics
− May need an assembler to be translated d
instruction
r ct
ru
− One line of code represents a single instru c io
on
− Machine dependent
locations/regi
gist
sterrs
st
− Have direct access to memory locations/registers

9(b) − Assembly code 2

− Machine code

9(c) Any one from: 1

− It is more difficult to understand
− Error prone
− Have to manipulate memory locations
− Machine dependent

9(d)(i) − 10110100 2
3$*(

− 11001001

9(d)(ii) − 000011111010 (must have leading zeros) 1

9(d)(iii) − 93 2
− 1D

© UCLES 2020 Page 11 of 11

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) Any three from: 3

− MAR
− MDR // MBR
− PC // IAR // NIR // SCR
− ACC
− CIR // IR
− IAS

1(b)(i) − Fetch 2
− Execute

1(b)(ii) − Control unit 1

Question Answer
Answ
wer Marks

2(a) Any fourr from: 4

langu
uag
− To translate the high-level language into low-level language agee
3$*(

− Interpreter used whilst writing the program

− Interpreter used to debug code line by line
− Compiler used when program completed
co
omp
− Compiler used to create separate executable file (so compilermpilier no longer needed)
errors
orss
or
− If it runs first time in a compiler there are no syntax error

2(b) Any three from: 3

− Easier to understand // Don’t know assembly code
− Easier to debug
− Easier to maintain
− Portable
not required
− Knowledge of manipulating memory locations/registerss not r quired
re
− Can use an IDE
− Greater range of languages

© UCLES 2020 Page 4 of 10

2210/01 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2023

Question Answer Marks

4(c)(ii) x It can now process two instructions simultaneouslyy (where
(where suitable) 2
x … increasing the performance.
4(d) B 1

Question A
An
nsw
swer
err
Answer Marks
5(a)(i) Any two from: 2
x it is easier / quicker to read/write/understand
x it is easier / quicker to debug
x code is portable.
5(a)(ii) Any one from: 1
x arrd
not able to directly manipulate the ha dwa
ware
are
hardware
x may need to wait for translation before running
x program may be less efficient.
5(b) Software that provides useful functions for a programmer
err w
writing o puter program.
om
riting a ccomputer 1

Question An swer
wer
e
Answer Marks
3$*(

6(a) x It has electrical components. 2

x It is programmable.
6(b) Any two from: 2
x more efficient than a human
x more accurate than a human
x can lift larger and heavier equipment than a human
x environm
nment
nm
can replace humans working in a dangerous environment
x reduces running costs, such as wages and overh ea
ads
overheads
x can produce consistent results/output
x akks.
can work 24 hours a day // do not need to take break s
breaks.

Question Answ
wer
e
Answer Marks
7(a) x nted
nt
All the characters and symbols that can be represent
representede by a co
omp
puter system.
computer 2
x val
allue
Each character and symbol is assigned a unique value.ue.
7(b) Each character is encoded using more bits. 1
© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 10