IoT Based Health Monitoring Using ESP32 Along

with Blynk Application And Arduino IDE

Abhijeet Rana
Dr. Irfan Ahmed Khan Anju Devi
Electronics and Communication
Assistant Professor, Department of Department of Electronics and
Engineering
Electronics and Communication Communication
Chandigarh College of Engineering and
Engineering Chandigarh College of Engineering and
Technology
Chandigarh Colle of Engineering and Technology
Chandigarh
Technology Chandigarh
[email protected]
Chandigarh [email protected]
Aman Kumar
Electronics and Communication
Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering and
Technology
Chandigarh
[email protected]

Abstract— With various modern healthcare innovation Medical professionals may now monitor patients
dispatches, the Web of Things is quickly changing the remotely, thanks to Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled gadgets,
healthcare industry. Following the wellbeing status of patients which opens up new opportunities for keeping patients safe
at domestic can be a troublesome assignment due to active and healthy and enabling doctors to provide cutting-edge
work and day by day assignments. Particularly elderly patients treatment. By streamlining and improving contacts with
ought to be checked frequently. So we propose an inventive clinicians, it has also raised patient happiness and
framework that effortlessly robotizes this errand. Our gadgets involvement. Furthermore, remote patient health monitoring
are prepared with an shrewdly understanding wellbeing can reduce hospital stays and avoid readmissions.
following framework employing blynk application to screen
persistent wellbeing parameters such as heart rate, blood
Additionally, lowering medical expenses and enhancing
oxygen level and body temperature. treatment results will be greatly impacted by the Internet of
Things.
Therefore, this project aims to create an IoT based Most of the current IoT applications and research are
continuous monitoring framework which measures heart still immature and focus on technology and configuration in
rate/pulse (BPM) and blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) with
different scenarios and situations. However, this technique
the MAX30100 heart rate oximeter sensor. Degree body
temperature utilizing DS18B20 for temperature sensor. is not widely used today. Therefore, this article aims to
Moreover, the understanding ought to be set in a room with analyze research on the design and use of IoT-based
consistent temperature and stickiness so that he does not feel healthcare services to improve quality of life. These systems
awkward. For this task, it is necessary to control the rely on IoT devices and sensors to connect patients with the
temperature and stickiness of the room. In this manner, the best doctors for their care.
humidity and temperature sensor DHT11 is utilized. The main purpose of this research paper is so that
researchers, researchers, and future researchers can easily
Keywords— ESP32 development board, DHT11 sensor, find ways to understand current treatment and provide
DS18B20 sensor, MAX30100, register.
simple solutions and improvements. Key applications This
research paper explains the general concept of IoT-based
INTRODUCTION healthcare, highlights its advantages and disadvantages, and
provides data analysis. We also discuss the concept of
The only ways that patients and physicians could effective medical devices from the perspective of IoT. This
communicate before the Internet of Things were paper also provides a summary of healthcare sensors,
through meetings, phone conversations, and text security and methods for IoT healthcare, as well as details of
messages. It was notfeasible to keep an ongoing eye on challenges and issues. We also offer solutions to solve these
individuals' health conditions and give physicians and and future problems.
hospitals the advice they needed.

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

 I. SYSTEM DESIGN AND ICS DESCRIPTIONS LED PWM up to 16 channels
Three fundamental sensors are utilized to degree mental Ultra-low Power (ULP) Co-Processor
parameters. It incorporates MAX30100 oximeter sensor,
DHT11 temperature and DS18B20 mugginess sensor. 12-Bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels

The sensor values collected from the sensors are sent to A. MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor IC
an ESP32 microcontroller, which changes over the values for Wearable Health
into advanced format.
Once the transformation is total, it'll be sent to the EP32
web server here blynk.cloud and we'll be able see the same
information from our portable phone application too.

FIG 3. MAX30100 SENSOR

MAX30100 is an integrated pulse oximeter and heart rate

monitoring solution. Connects two LEDs together.
FIG 1. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM Optical detectors, optimized optics and low-noise analog
ESP WROOM 32 Board signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and heart rate
signals.
MAX30100 works with 1.8V and 3.3V power supplies
and can be turned off by software. It can be used because the
available time is not enough.
This sensor is an coordinates sensor arrangement for beat
oximetry and heart rate checking. It combines two LEDs, an
optical locator, optimized optics and low-noise analog flag
handling to distinguish beat and pulse signals. It works from
1.8V and 3.3V supplies and can be turned off by means of
program, overlooking the standby current, permitting the
control supply to stay associated at all times.
This gadget has two LEDs, one of which transmits ruddy
light and the other infrared light. For beats, as it were
FIG 2. ESPWROOM32 BOARD infrared is required. Both ruddy light and infrared light are
The widely used microcontroller board ESP32 is built on utilized to degree blood oxygen levels. When the heart
the Espressif Systems ESP32 system-on-chip (SoC). With its pumps blood, the blood volume increments and the blood
dual-core CPU, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connection, gets more oxygen. As the heart unwinds, the sum of
and versatility, the ESP32 board may be used for a multitude oxygenated blood too diminishes. By knowing the time
of applications. between the rise and drop of oxygenated blood, the beat rate
is determined.
Microcontroller: a 32-bit, dual-core Xtensa LX6 CPU
with a maximum clock speed of 240 MHz. Multitasking is However, oxygenated blood retains more infrared light
possible because to the dual-core design. and lets more ruddy light through, whereas deoxygenated
blood assimilates more ruddy light and lets more infrared
Features: light through. Let it pass. This can be the most highlight of
the MAX30100. Studied the absorbance levels of both light
520 KB of memory RAM
sources and store them in a buffer lucid through I2C.
802.11/g/n/e/i WiFi
Bluetooth v4.2 with BLE and BR/EDR B. DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire® Digital
Thermometer
CPU: Dual-core (or single-core) Xtensa 32-bit LX6
microprocessor, capable of 600 DMIPS performance @ 160
or 240 MHz, with 10 × touch sensors
 C. DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor

FIG 5. DHT 11 SENSOR

Temperature and Humidity Sensor DHT11 has a

temperature and humidity sensor
FIG 4. DS18B20 SENSOR It is a difficult task with a digital output sensor. Digital
signals are received and temperature and humidity sensors
provide reliable and excellent results over a long period of
The DS18B20 advanced thermometer gives 9-12-bit time. The sensor features an anti-humidity indicator and an
(configurable) temperature readings. It show the temperature NTC temperature sensor coupled to a high-performance 8-bit
of the device. Data is sent and gotten to the DS18B20 microcontroller for high performance, fast response,
through a 1-Wire interface, so there's as it were one wire interference protection and cost-effectiveness.
(and ground). Each DHT11 component undergoes stringent testing in
We must interface to the DS18B20 from the CPU. the laboratory, ensuring perfect moisture calibration. The
Capacity to studied and write temperature change can be calibration coefficients are stored as a program in the OTP
done from the information line itself without the required for memory and used in the sensor's internal signal detection
outside connections. process. The single-cable serial interface makes integration
quick and easy. Its small size, low power consumption and
Power supply signal transmission up to 20 meters make it ideal for many
applications, including the most demanding ones. This
Each DS18B20 contains a special silicon serial number,
product is available in a 4-pin single-row pin package. It is
so numerous DS18B20s can exist in a device. The same 1-
easy to connect and can offer customized packages based on
wire transport. This permits we to place temperature sensors
customers' needs.
completely different places.
Application II. ALGORITHM
This highlight is for HVAC environment control,
building temperature measurement, monitoring and control
of gear, machines and forms.
The DS18B20 has four main information components:
1) 64-bit laser ROM,
2) temperature sensor,
3) non-volatile temperature alarm TH and TL setup
4) arrangement registers.
The gadget is fueled by 1-Wire which protects
communication lines by putting away vitality in inside
capacitors when flag lines are interrupted.
External control supply 3V to 5.5V.
FIG 6. WORKING FLOW OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
(PATIENT AND ROOM)
 connection is steady and enter the right Wi-Fi login
information in our code.
Include Libraries:
Import the necessary libraries like Wire, Open blynk cloud website and create a personal account
MAX30100_PulseOximeter, Blynk, WiFi, OneWire, on it, also install Blynk App from play/iOS store.
DallasTemperature, and DHT.
Connect our ESP32 board to our computer using a USB
Define constants and pins: cable. In the Blynk app, click on the "Add New Device"
BLYNK_PRINT to use Serial for debugging. Pin numbers button. Select the ESP32 board from the list of available
for various sensors and devices. Blynk authentication token. devices. Once our board is connected, we can start adding
Wi-Fi SSID and password. PulseOximeter object pox. widgets to our project. Choose from a variety of widgets
Variables for storing sensor data (Temperature, Humidity, like buttons, sliders, graphs, and more. Customize each
BPM, SpO2, and body temperature). widget according to our project's requirements. Add virtual
pins to control and monitor different aspects of our project.
Setup Function: Once we have designed our project, click on the "Play"
Initialize serial communication for debugging. Set pinMode button to start running it. We can now monitor and control
for LED and DHT sensor. Initialize the DHT sensor. our project remotely using the Blynk app. Explore the
Initialize Blynk with authentication, SSID, and password. various features and possibilities of Blynk to create
Initialize the Pulse Oximeter (pox) and configure the IR innovative projects.
LED current.
To get started, open our project in the Blynk
onBeatDetected Function: app/website. Once we're in, click on the "+" symbol to add a
Callback function to execute when a heartbeat is detected. widget. For the Temperature parameter, select the Value
Display widget and set Virtual Pin V3 as its location.
Loop Function: Similarly, for Humidity, choose Virtual Pin V4 as the
Continuously update the Pulse Oximeter data. Run Blynk to location for the Value Display widget. For Heart Rate, set
handle communication with the Blynk app. Read Virtual Pin V5 as the location. Moving on to SpO2, select
temperature and humidity from the DHT sensor. Get heart the Value Display widget and assign Virtual Pin V6 as its
rate (BPM) and SpO2 values from the Pulse Oximeter. destination. Lastly, for Body Temperature, choose Virtual
Read body temperature from the DS18B20 temperature Pin V7 as the location. Don't forget to personalize the
sensor. Check if it's time to report the sensor data (based on widgets' appearance and settings according to our
REPORTING_PERIOD_MS). If it's time to report, print the preferences.
sensor data to Serial and send it to Blynk.
Before proceeding with the code transfer to ESP32
Blynk VirtualWrites: board, it is important to ensure that both our tablet or
Send the sensor data to Blynk app using smartphone and the ESP32 board are connected to the same
Blynk.virtualWrite() for different virtual pins. The code Wi-Fi network. This will ensure a seamless connection
reads data from various sensors (DHT sensor, Pulse between the devices. Once verified, we can proceed with
Oximeter, DS18B20 temperature sensor) and sends it to the transferring the altered code to our ESP32 device.
Blynk app for monitoring. It also includes a callback To monitor the condition of the board, open the Serial
function for handling heartbeat detection. Monitor in the Arduino IDE. This will provide real-time
updates and information about the board's status.
As soon as the ESP32 board is turned on and
III. IMPLEMENTATION connected to Wi-Fi, it will automatically connect to the
Blynk server. We can check the connection status on the
A. Software using blynk web server (and app)
Serial Monitor, which will display whether the connection
was successful or not.
Once the connection is established, the board will start
sending sensor data to the Blynk app/website. This allows
we to monitor and analyze the data received from the
sensors in real-time.
To observe sensor data via the Blynk app/website, go
back to the app and ensure that we are on the screen
dedicated to our project. On this screen, we will be able to
see the readings from various sensors such as temperature,
humidity, heart rate, SpO2, and body temperature. Each of
these readings will be displayed on their respective widgets
FIG 7. BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM within the app. The data will be constantly updated based on
the reporting period specified in the code, which is denoted
To communicate with the Blynk App, we will also need by REPORTING_PERIOD_MS. This ensures that we
to connect the ESP32 board to Wi-Fi. Make sure our Wi-Fi receive real-time and accurate information from the sensors.
Code Figure below illustrates this using the game and the same
outcomes. Utilise the serial monitor application that is
To write, verify and upload the code, Arduino IDE is available.
being used and we can now monitor the outputs on the serial Installing the code first, verify that the monitor shows the
monitor of the Arduino IDE too. BPM results, SpO2, body heat, and ambient temperature,
Arduino IDE or Integrated Development Environment temperature and humidity readings following a Wi-Fi
is an open source program that allows you to write code, connection to the ESP32.+
compile and send data to an Arduino device. This software
allows you to change the functionality of your Arduino
module. It is compatible with Linux, Windows and MAC
operating systems and runs on Java. Works with many
Arduino modules including Uno, Mega, Leonardo, Micro
and more. Each module comes with a pre-built board. In
addition to the standard programming language, the IDE
also supports C and C++ languages.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The study's findings are displayed in two ways.
Here's how to utilise the Blynk app. An alternative that
uses a range of grains results are displayed. Test it out on the
display depicted in beneath.

FIG 9. ARDUINO IDE SERIAL MONITOR

B. Hardware
The hardware connections for every IC on the ESP32
Board are as follows:
To begin with, the ESP32 Board's baby connection
consists of the VIN pin, which is used for the 3.3V power
supply, the GND pin for ground, the SDA pin for the
MAX30100 sensor's SDA pin, and the SCL pin for the
sensor's SCL pin.
Regarding the MAX30100 sensor, the VIN pin is linked
to the 3.3V power source, the GND pin is connected to the
ground, the SDA pin is attached to the SDA (21) pin of the
ESP32 Board, and the SCL pin is connected to the SCL (22)
wire of the ESP32 Board. The pins for the DHT11 sensor are
as follows: the data (out) pin is linked to the digital pin (D18)
of the ESP32 Board, the VCC pin is for the 3.3V power
supply, and the GND pin is for the ground.
The data pin for the DS18B20 is linked to the digital pin
(D5) of the ESP32 Board, the GND pin is set aside for
ground, and the VCC pin is connected to the 3.3V power
supply.

FIG 8. BLYNK APPLICATION SCREENSHOT

Measurement of parameters
The humidity and room temperature, BPM (heart rate),
SpO2, and body temperature.
With these kinds of features, the programme has
improved usability. Interpretation of the parameters visually.

FIG 10. IMPLEMENTATION

CIRCUIT
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