CURRENCY DETECTION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

PEOPLE USING IMAGE PROCESSING

A Project Report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted by

P.PRANEETHA - 206N1A05B4
P.MUKESH NATH - 206N1A05B1
J.SINDHU - 206N1A0593
CH.TEJA SAI - 206N1A0577

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr.M.Rama Krishna Raju, M.Tech
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE

SRINIVASA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(UGC – Autonomous Institution)
(Approved by AICTE, Permanently affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada) (ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute)
(Accredited by NAAC with ’A ‘Grade) (Recognized by UGC under sections 2(f) & 12(B))

NH-216, Cheyyeru (v), Amalapuram-533222

2024-2025
 SRINIVASA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(UGC – Autonomous Institution)
(Approved by AICTE, Permanently affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada) (ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute)
(Accredited by NAAC with ’A ‘Grade) (Recognized by UGC under sections 2 (f) &12(B))

NH-216, Cheyyeru (v), Amalapuram-533222

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “ Currency Detection For Visually Impaired
People Using Image Processing” is a bonafide work of P.PRANEETHA,P.MUKESH NATH,
J.SINDHU and CH.TEJA SAI of IV B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering Department,
Srinivasa Institute of Engineering and Technology, Amalapuram, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Kakinada, during the academic year 2024-2025 in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of bachelor of technology Computer Science Engineering.

Mrs. V SaiPriya, M.Tech, (Ph.D.) Mr.M.Rama Krishna Raju, M.Tech

Head of the Department Internal Guide

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to our esteemed Institute Srinivasa Institute of

Engineering & Technology, which has provided us an opportunity to fulfil the most cherished
Desire to reach our goal.

We owe own project to Mr. M RAMAKRISHNA RAJU, Associate Professor, Department of

Computer Science and Engineering, who has been our project guide. We sincerely thank her for
the support and guidance which was given to us, as without which we would not have made this
effort of our success.

We express our deep hearted thanks to Mrs. V SAIPRIYA our beloved Head of the
Department for being helpful in providing us with his valuable advice and timely guidance.

We would like to thank the principal, Dr. M SREENIVASA KUMAR and management of
Srinivasa Institute of Engineering and Technology, for providing us with the requisite
facilities to carry out project in the campus.

Our deep hearted thanks to all the faculty members of our department for their value-based
impairing of theory and partial subjects, which we had put into use in our project. We are also
indebted to the non-teaching staff for their co-operation.

We would like to thanks our Friends and Family members for their help and support in
making our project a success.

P.Praneetha
P.Mukesh Nath
J.Sindhu
CH.Teja Sai

II
Sl.No INDEX Page No.

CERTIFICATE I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II

CONTENTS III

LIST OF FIGURES V

ABSTRACT VI

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 BACKGROUND

2.1 Literature Survey 3

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 ExistingSystem 6

3.2 Proposed System 7

3.3 System Architecture 8

3.4 Dataflowdiagram 9

3.5 Modules 10

3.6 UML Diagrams 11

4 EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS

4.1 Hardware Requirements 17

4.2 Software Requirements

5 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Python Technology 18

III
6 SYSTEM TESTING

6.1 System Testing 38

6.2 Types of Testing

7 SAMPLE CODE 43

8 RESULTS AND OUTPUTS 47

9 CONCLUSION 53

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 55

IV
- LIST OF FIGURES

S.NO FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.

1 3.6.1 Class Diagram 12

2 3.6.2 Use case Diagram 13

3 3.6.3 Sequence Diagram 14

4 3.6.4 Activity Diagram 15

5 3.6.5 Collaboration Diagram 16

V
 ABSTRACT

Currency is the medium of exchange. Money related transactions are an important part of our day to
day lives. Along with technology the banking sector is also getting modern and being explored. In
spite of the widespread usage of ATMs, Credit Debit Cards, and other digital modes of payment like as
Google Pay, Paytm, and Phone Pay, money is still widely used for most daily transactions due to its
convenience. Currency recognition or bank-note recognition is a process of identifying the
denominational value of a currency. It is a simple and straightforward task for `the normal human
beings, but if we consider the visually challenged people currency recognition is a challenging task.
Visually handicapped people have a difficult time distinguishing between different cash
denominations. Even though unique symbols are embossed on different currencies in India, the task is
still too difficult and time-consuming for the blind. This brings a deep need for automatic currency
recognition systems. So, our paper studies about the systems in order to help the visually challenged or
impaired people; so that they can differentiate between various types of Indian currencies through
implementation of image processing techniques. The study aims to investigate different techniques for
recognising Indian rupee banknotes. The proposed work extracts different and distinctive properties of
Indian currency notes, few of them are the central number, RBI logo, colour band, and special symbols
or marks for visually impaired, and applies algorithms designed for the detection of each and every
specific feature. From our work the visually impaired people will be capable of recognizing different
types of Indian Currencies while their monetary transactions, so that they lead their life independently
both socially and financially.

VI
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

1. INTRODUCTION

over 2.2 billion people worldwide suffer from visual impairment, including 1 billion people with
severe or acute distance vision impairment or blindness, the majority of whom are over 50 years
old.glaucoma, cataracts, untreated presbyopia, and refractive error are the most common causes of
debilitation. according to the world health organization, the number of persons affected by visual
impairment will more than double by 2020. assistive devices, such as walking dogs or white canes,
are commonly used by visually impaired people. the white cane is most usually chosen for reasons
such as low cost, portability, and widespread acceptance within the blind population. however,
when faced with a range of obstacles and conditions in their daily lives, these assistance devices
have their own limitations. people frequently regard such individuals as a burden and leave them to
fend for themselves. as a result, the visually impaired individual requires the assistance gadget on a
regular basis, which can assist in their day-to-day responsibilities and rehabilitation. People in their
eighties and nineties have a higher risk of vision loss for those with visual impairments, the
assistive system plays an important role in social situations. It feels difficult without this assistive
equipment they're reliant on others. In addition, the cost of rehabilitation is out of reach for low-
income people. Currently, India has around 12 million blind people which makes India home to
one-third of the world's blind population
So, a real-time Indian currency detection device will be very much beneficial for visually impaired
persons in India. Several frameworks and strategies for healthcare services have been created in the
last decade. The goal of these improvements is to lower the cost of medical diagnosis while also
assisting the health sector with technology that allows people to self-manage their lives more
readily than ever before without the need for direct supervision from an expert. People with
impairments, on the other hand, were not the primary beneficiaries of these achievements.
However, there is a pressing need for technology that may help and assist people in their daily lives,
improve their living in a simple way, and lead to independence. Visual Impairment has to be the
most serious of these disabilities. Currencies are significant as a medium of buying and selling
goods. Each country has its own currency, which comes in a variety of colors, sizes, shapes, and
patterns. Visually challenged people find it difficult to detect and count different denominations of
currency. Due to continual use, tactile marks on the banknote's surface evaporate or fade away,
making it difficult for visually impaired people to detect and identify banknotes accurately by
touch. Digital image processing is a large field that provides solutions to problems like these,in
which patterns and identification markings are searched for and extracted, and then compared to

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

actual banknote images. The suggested banknote detection and recognition system's key
contribution is to build a simple standalone system easy to use, which will assist individuals in
identifying banknotes in a real time scenario. After augmentation and human annotation, the
demanding self-built dataset is constructed, and transfer learning is done on the YOLO-v5model.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVE
Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

2. BACK GROUND

2.1 Literature Survey:

A CNN-based study is conducted on the folded banknotes,and all of the banknotes are of
the same denomination. A computer vision-based system for automatic banknote recognition for the
benefit of visually impaired persons ,where SURF properties were exploited for recognition. This
research is conducted on US banknotes with distinct image of the person on the banknote, making it
easier to distinguish between those with the identical front note features as those in India.
YOLO-v3 CNN model-based banknote detection work is performed. In this work, pictures of
various denomination Indian currency notes and in various conditions were first collected, and then
these images were enhanced with various geometric and visual alterations. These augmented
images are then manually annotated, and training and validation image sets are created from them.
Later, the trained model's performance was assessed on a real-time scene as well as a test dataset.
An identity dataset is created, and transfer learning is performed. After augmentation and testing on
the YOLO-v3 model. The digital image has been manually annotated. Processing is a broad term
that refers to the process of finding and extracting information. After that, patterns and
identification signs are performed. Compare to images of actual banknotes
Introduces a revolutionary banknote image processing method based on the Free-From-
Deformation (FFD) model ,in which can aid in the processing of low-quality banknotes and
minimize the false rejection rate. In describes a new architecture for a banknote recognition and
verification system based on neural networks for categorization and verification. A method for
recognizing paper currency that uses a sequential deep neural network and data augmentation to
improve accuracy is proposed . Due to excessive computation, the proposed job was designed to
address small data problems and was unable to perform real-time processing. discusses a money
identification system for Ethiopian banknotes that uses a support vector machine and recognizes the
front part of the coin well.

Deep convolutional neural networks are used to classify Turkish lira banknotes, which are
developed and trained using the DenseNet-121 architecture . Applies image processing techniques
on the front and back sides of Myanmar currency (kyats) in three denominations in Zernike
moments were employed for feature extraction, and the k-nearest neighbour method was applied for
classification. Also, in uses a neural network to overcome these types of problems for visually
challenged people. Their findings suggest that further major research on cognition frameworks and

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

neural activity could lead to more significant results in these types of challenges. In describes a
portable technology allowing blind persons to identify and recognize Euro currencies. The modified
Viola-Jones algorithms are used to detect banknotes. The recognition of currencies centered on a
modified Viola-Jones algorithm and SURF (Speed Up Robust Features) algorithm.
According to article the YOLO-v5 network has higher accuracy and speed. The YOLO-v5 network
is a more sophisticated version of the YOLO network and YOLO-v3 network .
YOLO-v5's network architecture which is divided into three sections: CSPDarknet is the backbone,
PANet is the neck, and Yolo Layer is the head.
The data is first supplied into CSP Darknet, which extracts features, and then into PANet, which
fuses them. Finally, Yolo Layer gives you the results of your detection (class, score, location, size).
YOLO-v5 is smaller, faster, and more accurate than other YOLO networks. As a result, a YOLO-v5
based CNN model can be used to create a rapid and accurate banknote detection and recognition
system for visually impaired and blind persons to assist them in their daily life. As a solution, a
YOLO-v5 based CNN model can be used to design a quick and precise currency identification and
tracking device for visually impaired and blind individuals to support them in their everyday life.
. IMAGE AUGMENTATION AND ANNOTATION A camera with a resolution of 1280*720
pixels is utilized in this method to capture images in various settings such as occlusion, illumination
(lighting from the front, side, and back), and occlusion and so on. In total, 3720 banknote pictures
were scanned. Images were also obtained from the camera and the web in many file types
(.jpg,.jpeg,.png, etc.). This collection of data is called training, validation, and certification for
various banknotes are separated into three categories. Set of trials for the competition, 65-70 percent
of the photographs were chosen at random. Each denomination of banknotes has a training set and a
resting set for testing and validation sets. It is done to enhance the image additionally, to create a
huge image dataset that avoids Preventing overfitting in the training model and retaining the
necessary details images from the data set After then, the resolution of these 3720 photos was
enhanced to a total of 10,000 photos.
Various image augmentation techniques are used to generate the dataset for all banknote categories.
A number of image enhancement techniques are available such as resizing, shear, rotation,
brightness, reflection, color elimination and translation of noise and background.

TRANSFER LEARNING AND MODEL TRAINING YOLO is a real-time object recognition

technique that use neural networks. Because of its speed and efficiency, this algorithm is very
popular. It has been used to identify traffic signals, pedestrians, parking metres, and animals in a

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

variety of applications. This algorithm which detects and recognise different items in an image (in
real-time). Object recognition in YOLO is performed as a regression problem, and the class
probabilities of the discovered images are returned. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used
in the YOLO method to recognise objects in real time. To detect objects, the approach just takes a
single forward propagation through a neural network, as the name suggests. This indicates that a
single algorithm run is used to forecast the entire image. At the same time, the CNN is utilised to
predict various bounding boxes and class label. There are several variations of the YOLO
algorithm. Tiny YOLO and YOLOv3 are two popular examples. For the following reasons, the
YOLO algorithm is significant: Speed: Since it can predict objects in real time, this system
improves detection speed.
. High precision: YOLO is a prediction technique that produces appropriate results with low
background errors.
 Learning abilities: The algorithm has enriched learning abilities, allowing it to learn and apply
object representations to object detection.
The YOLO version5 is most advanced object detection algorithm which is launched by Ultralytics,
which was released in June 2020. It's a brand-new convolutional neural network (CNN) that
identifies things in real time with great precision. This method uses a single neural network to
evaluate the full image, then divides it into sections and predicts bounding boxes and probabilities
for each component. These bounding boxes are weighted based on the estimated likelihood. In the
sense that it produces predictions after only one forward propagation through the neural network,
the approach "looks once" at the image. After non-max suppression, it provides discovered items,
which assure the object recognition algorithm only identifies each object once. YOLOv5's initial
launch, which is faster in performing, and simple to use. YOLOv5 is incredibly user-friendly and
comes "out of the box" ready to use on bespoke objects. The majority of the performance gain in
YOLOv5 is acquired from PyTorch training processes, while the model architecture remains similar
to that of YOLOv4. The goal is to create an object detector model that is extremely fast (on the Y-
axis) in terms of inference time (X-axis).
Histogram and probability function The dynamic range of the gray levels in an image provides
global information on the extent or spread of intensity levels across the image. However the
dynamic range does not provide any information on the existence of intermediate gray levels in the
image.The occurrence of the gray level component is described as the co-occurrence matrices of
relative frequencies. The probability function of gray level image is estimated from its histogram,

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:

The recognition of currency denomination is among the most challenging problems
faced by visually impaired people since it constitutes an essential part of their day to day
affairs. Though there are many recognition methods for them but these methods put them at
high risk of becoming victims of deception, either because of the complexity and discomfort
of using those methods or due to the dishonesty of certain people who could try to take
advantage of their visual disabilities during the process

Disadvantages:
 Visually impaired individuals are unable to use visual cues such as color, shape, or size
to differentiate between different denominations of currency. This can make it difficult
for them to quickly and accurately determine the value of money.
 Visually impaired individuals may need to rely on others to identify and count their
money for them, which can be inconvenient and may compromise their independence.
 Because visually impaired individuals may not be able to easily identify the value of
their money, they may be more vulnerable to scams and fraud.
 Some visually impaired individuals may not have access to assistive technology such as
screen readers or magnifying devices that can help them identify the value of their
money. This can further limit their ability to manage their finances independently.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Describes the phases of the implementation of a system for the recognition of the Indian
currency both banknotes and coins, by affixing camera with their goggles. In order to
recognize the notes, in the first stage, a digital processing of the image obtained by the
camera has been made in order to locate a particular region of interest within that image.
Then, taking that region of interest as an input image, a recognition stage is implemented
making use of the ‘Face Recognition using Eigenfaces method, which, in turn, is based on
the mathematical technique known as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, results
of tests made on the system implemented, are presented. The coin recognition is dealt by the
method using image subtraction technique. The image subtraction technique takes two
images as input and gives a third image as output, whose pixel values are simply the pixel
values of the first image minus the corresponding pixel values of the second image.. It also
incorporates the checking of radius which would assist in choosing the befitting coin from
the database. Database amasses the standard coin used for recognizing the input image.
Once the precise image is selected, its feature are extracted and subtracted from the input
coin image. Image rotation invariance is introduced by rotating the image at fixed angular
interval thus providing us with the exact angle of difference between the coins on analyzing
the plot of the subtracted values. We then combine these results accordingly and the
required output is reached out towards the visually impaired by an audio voice which
reaches out to them through an ear phone.

Advantages:
 By using an image processing system for currency detection, visually impaired people can
become more independent when it comes to handling and managing their own finances.
They won't need to rely on others to identify the denominations of their bills..
 An image processing system can accurately detect and recognize different currencies,
making it easier for visually impaired individuals to distinguish between them. This can
reduce of the risk of fraud and errors when handling money.
 The use of an image processing system for currency detection can offer convenience to
visually impaired people when they need to make transactions, count money, or perform
other financial tasks.
 With the help a currency detection system, visually impaired individuals can quickly
identify and count their money, saving them time and effort.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

 The use of a currency detection system can be a cost-effective solution for visually
impaired individuals, as it eliminates the need for them to rely on assistance from others
to handle their finances. This can also increase their confidence and sense of
independence.

3.3 ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig 3.3: System Architecture of Proposed System

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.4 DATA-FLOW DIAGRAM:

 The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to
represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on this
data, and the output data is generated by this system.
 The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modeling tools. It is used to
model the system components. These components are the system process, the data used by
the process, an external entity that interacts with the system and the information flows in the
system.
 DFD shows how the information moves through the system and how it is modified by a
series of transformations. It is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the
transformations that are applied as data moves from input to output.
 DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used to represent a system at any level
of abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow
and functional detail.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.5 Modules:-
 Image Acquisition
 Image Preprocessing
 Feature Extraction
 Classification
 Currency Identification
 User Interface

3.5.1 Image Acquisition:

This module captures the image of the currency note using a camera or a mobile device.
3.5.2 Preprocessing:
This module processes the captured image to improve its quality and to enhance the features
that are relevant to the currency note detection process. It may include operations such as noise
reduction, contrast enhancement, and image resizing.
3.5.3 Feature Extraction:
This module extracts the relevant features from the preprocessed image, such as color, texture,
and shape information. These features are used to distinguish between different currency notes.
3.5.4. Classification:
This module uses machine learning algorithms to classify the currency note based on its
extracted features. The algorithms may include decision trees, support vector machines
(SVMs), or deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs).
3.5.5. Currency Identification:
This module identifies the currency note based on its classification result and provides the
corresponding information to the user. This may include the value of the note, the country of
origin, and any additional information that the user may find useful.
3.5.6. User Interface:
This module provides a user-friendly interface for the visually impaired user to interact with the
currency detection system. It may include options for adjusting the volume, changing the
language, or accessing additional information about the currency notes.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.6 UML Diagrams:-

 UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized general-purpose

modeling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering. The standard is
managed, and was created by, the Object Management Group.
 The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of object oriented
computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of two major components: a
Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method or process may also be
added to; or associated with, UML.
 The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying, Visualization,
Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system, as well as for business
modeling and other modeling and other non-software systems
 The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven successful
in the modeling of large and complex systems.
 The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software and the software
development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations to express the design of
software projects.

Goals:

The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:

• Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modelling Language so that they can
develop and exchange meaningful models.
• Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core concepts.
• Be independent of particular programming languages and development process.
• Provide a formal basis for understanding the modelling language.
• Encourage the growth of OO tools market.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.6.1 CLASS Diagram:

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type
of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's
classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among the classes. It
explains which class contains information.

<<filename>>

+instance

+select data preprocesss()

filename filenam

+feature selection +classification

Fig .3.6.1CLASS Diagram Representation

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.6.2 USECASE Diagram:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type of behavioural diagram
defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a graphical overview
of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals (represented as use
cases), and any dependencies between those use cases. The main purpose of a use case diagram
is to show what system functions are performed for which actor. Roles of the actors in the
system can be depicted.

Fig 3.6.2: - USECASE Diagram Representation

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.6.3 SEQUENCE Diagram:

A sequence diagram in Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a kind of interaction diagram

that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a
Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event
scenarios, and timing diagrams. A Sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that shows how
processes operate with one another and in what order.
It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are typically associated with
use case realizations in the Logical View of the system under development. Sequence diagrams
are sometimes called event diagrams or event.

Fig3.6.3: - SEQUENCE Diagram Representation

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.6.4 ACTIVITY Diagram:

Activity diagram is another important diagram in UML to describe dynamic aspects of the
system. Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow from one activity to
another activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system. It captures the
dynamic behaviour of the system. Other four diagrams are used to show the message flow
from one object to another but activity diagram is used to show message flow from one
activity to another.

Fig 3.6.4: - ACTIVITY Diagram Representation

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

3.6.5 COLLABORATION Diagram

A collaboration diagram, also known as a communication diagram, is an illustration of the

relationships and interactions among software objects in the Unified Modelling Language
(UML). These diagrams can be used to portray the dynamic behaviour of a particular use case
and define the role of each object

Fig.3.6.5:-COLLABORATION Diagram representation

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 CHAPTER 4

OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

4. EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS

4.1 Hardware Requirements:

 SYSTEM : Pentium i3 Processor
 HARD DISK :500 GB.
 MONITOR : 15’’ LED
 INPUT DEVICES : Keyboard, Mouse
 RAM : 4 GB

4.2 Software Requirements:

 OPERATING SYSTEM : Windows 10.
 CODING LANGUAGE : Python

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 CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT
 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

5. SYSTEM DEVOLOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

PYTHON PROGRAM:

 Python programs are composed of modules

 Modules contain statements

 Statements contain expressions

 Expressions create and process objects

FEATURES OF PYTHON:

Open source:

Python is publicly available opensource software, any one can use source code that doesn't cost
anything.

Easy-to-learn:

Popular (scripting/extension) language, clear and easy syntax, no type declarations, automatic
memory management, high-level data types and operations, design to read (more English like syntax)
and write (shorter code compared to C, C++, and Java) fast.

High-Level Language:

High level language (closer to human) refers to the higher level of concept from machine language (for
example assembly languages). Python is an example of a high-level language like C, C++, Perl, and
Java with low-level optimization.

Portable:High level languages are portable, which means they are able to run across all major hardware
and software platforms with few or no change in source code. Python is portable and can be used on
Linux, Windows, Macintosh, Solaris, FreeBSD, OS/2, Amiga, AROS, AS/400 and many more.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

Object-Oriented:

Python is a full-featured object-oriented programming language, with features such as classes,

inheritance, objects, and overloading.

Python is Interactive :

Python has an interactive console where you get a Python prompt (command line) and interact with the
interpreter directly to write and test your programs. This is useful for mathematical programming.

Interpreted :

Python programs are interpreted, takes source code as input, and then compiles (to portable byte-code)
each statement and executes it immediately. No need to compiling or linking

Extendable :

Python is often referred to as a "glue" language, meaning that it is capable to work in mixed-language
environment. The Python interpreter is easily extended and can add a new built-in function or modules
written in C/C++/Java code.

Libraries :

Databases, web services, networking, numerical packages, graphical user interfaces, 3D graphics,
others.

Supports :

Support from online Python community.

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PYTHON INTERPRETER

 In interactive mode, type Python programs and the interpreter displays the result:

 Type python into your terminal's command line

 After a short message, the >>> symbol will appear

 The above symbol signals the start of a Python interpreter's command line.

 Python interpreter evaluates inputs (For example >>> 4*(6-2) return 16).

HOW STABLE IS PYTHON?

Very stable. New, stable releases have been coming out roughly every 6 to 18 months since 1991,
and this seems likely to continue. Currently there are usually around 18 months between major
releases.

The latest stable releases can always be found on the Python download page. There are two
recommended production-ready versions at this point in time, because at the moment there are two
branches of stable releases: 2.x and 3.x. Python 3.x may be less useful than 2.x, since currently
there is more third party software available for Python 2 than for Python 3. Python 2 code will
generally not run unchanged in Python 3.

HISTORY:

The name Python was selected from "Monty Pythons Flying Circus" which was a British sketch
comedy series created by the comedy group Monty Python and broadcast by the BBC from 1969 to
1974.

Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at the National Research Institute for
Mathematics and Computer Science in Netherlands. Python was created as a successor of a
language called ABC (All Basic Code) and released publicly in1991. Guido remains Python's
principal author, although it includes many contributions from active user community.

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Between 1991 and 2001 there are several versions released, current stable release is 3.2. In 2001 the
Python Software Foundation (PSF) was formed, a non-profit organization created specifically to
own Python-related Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of the PSF.

All most all Python releases are Open Source. To see the details of release versions and licence
agreement of Python.

PYTHON ENVIRONMENT:

AIX AROS AS/400 BeOS

(OS/400)

MorphOS MS-DOS OS/2 OS/390 and z/OS

Palm OS PlayStation and PSP Psion QNX

RISC OS Series 60 Solaris VMS

Windows CE HP-UX Linux

or Pocket PC

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Major Uses Of Python

 System utilities (system admin tools, command line programs).

 Web Development.

 Graphical User Interfaces (Tkinter, gtk, Qt).

 Internet scripting.

 Embedded scripting.

 Database access and programming.

 Game programming.

 Rapid prototyping and development

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Why Python
o Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, RaspberryPi, etc).
o Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
o Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some
other programming languages.
o Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon as it is
written. This means that prototyping can be very quick.
o Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-orientated wayor a functional way.

Good to know

 The most recent major version of Python is Python 3, which we shall be using in this
tutorial. However, Python2, although not being updated with anything other than security
updates, is still quite popular.
 In this tutorial Python will be written in a text editor. It is possible to write Python in an
Integrated Development Environment, such as Thonny, Pycharm, Netbeans or Eclipse
which are particularly useful when managing larger collections of Python files.

Python Syntax compared to other programming languages

o Python was designed for readability, and has some similarities to the English language with
influence from mathematics.
o Python uses new lines to complete a command, as opposed to other programming
languages which often use semicolons or parentheses.
o Python relies on indentation, using whitespace, to define scope; such as the scope of
loops, functions and classes. Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for
this purpose.

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Installation on Windows
Visit the link https://www.python.org/downloads/ to download the latest release of
Python. Inthis process, we will install Python 3.7.6 on our Windows operating system.

Double-click the executable file which is downloaded; the following window will open.

SelectCustomize installation and proceed.

The following windows how‘s all the optional features. All the features need to be
installed andare checked by default; we need to click next to continue.

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The following window shows a list of advanced options. Check all the options which
you wantto install and click next. Here, we must notice that the first check-box (install for
all users) must be checked.

Now, we are readyto install python-3.7.6. Let‘s install it.

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Now, try to run python on the command prompt. Type the command python in
case of python2 or python3 in case of python3. It will show an error as given in the
below image. It is because wehaven't set the path.

To set the path of python, we need to the right click on "my computer" and go to
Properties →Advanced → Environment Variables.

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Add the new path variable in the user variable section.

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Type PATH as the variable name and set the path to the installation directory of the
python shown inthe below image

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Now, the path is set, we are readyto run python on our localsystem. Restart CMD and type
pythonagain. It will open the python interpreter shell where we can execute the python
statements.

Virtual Environments and

PackagesIntroduction

Python applications will often use packages and modules that don‘t come as part of the
standard library. Applications will sometimes need a specific version of a library, because
the application may require that a particular bug has been fixed or the application may be
written using an obsoleteversion of the library’s interface.

This means it may not be possible for one Python installation to meet the requirements of
every application. If application a needs version 1.0 of a particular module but application
B needs version 2.0, then the requirements are in conflict and installing either version 1.0
or 2.0 will leaveone application unable to run.

The solution for this problem is to create a virtual environment, a self-contained directory
tree thatcontains a Python installation for a particular version of Python, plus a number of
additional packages.

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Different applications can then use different virtual environments. To resolve the
earlier example of conflicting requirements, application A can have its own virtual
environment with version 1.0installed while application B has another virtual environment
with version 2.0. If application B requires a library be upgraded to version3.0, this will not
affect application A‘s environment.

Creating Virtual Environment

The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called venv. Venv will usually
install the most recent version of Python that you have available. If you have multiple
versions of Python on your system, you can select a specific Python version by running
python3 or whichever version you want.
To create a virtual environment, decide upon a directory where you want to place it, and
run the venv module as a script with the directory path:

python3 –mvenv tutorial-env

This will create the tutorial-env directory if it doesn‘t exist, and also create directories
inside it containing a copyof the Python interpreter, the standard library, and various
supporting files.

A common directory location for a virtual environment is venv. This name keeps
the directory typically hidden in your shell and thus out of the way while giving it a name
that explains why the directory exists. It also prevents clashing with env environment
variable definition files that sometooling supports.

Once you‘ve created a virtual environment, you may

activate it.On Windows, run:

tutorial-env\Scripts\activate.bat

On UNIX or MacOS, run:

Sourcetutorial-env/bin/activate

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(This script is written for the bash shell. If you use the csh or fish shells, there are alternate
activate .csh and activate. Fish scripts you should use instead.)

Activating the virtual environment will change your shell‘s prompt to show what virtual
environment you‘re using, and modify the environment so that running python will get you
that particular version and installation of Python. For example:

$ Source ~/envs/tutorial-

env/bin/activate(Tutorial-env) $

Python

Python 3.7.6 (default, Dec 18,2019.)

...

>>>import sys

>>>sys. path

['','/usr/local/lib/python37.

zip‘,

'~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages']

Managing Packages with pip

C:\WINDOWS\system32>pip install
matplotlibCollecting matplotlib
Downloading
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/df/3f/6093a23565d0f50ce433f56223fcc34af6c912cd4
331dc582ba29d9b5a17/matplotlib-3.5.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (7.2MB).

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|████████████████████████████████| 7.2MB 3.2MB/sCollecting cycler>=0.10

(from matplotlib)
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397 91cde838d5a8f51/cycler-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting fonttools>=4.22.0 (from matplotlib)
Downloading
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e3/d9/e9bae85e84737e76ebbcbea13607236da0c0699b
aed0 ae4f1151b728a608/fonttools-4.38.0-py3-none-any.whl (965kB)
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satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in
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Collecting python-dateutil>=2.7 (from matplotlib)
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853 c78955f57342a56d/python_dateutil-2.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib)
Downloading
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099 0582699cdda29557/kiwisolver-1.4.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (54kB)
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8bbf 02dc14d31677f1c/packaging-23.0-py3-none-any.whl

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Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17 in

c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages
(frommatplotlib) (1.21.6)
Collecting six>=1.5 (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib)
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Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions; python_version < "3.8" in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages
(fromkiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib) (4.5.0)
Installing collected packages: cycler, fonttools, six, python-dateutil, kiwisolver,
pyparsing,packaging, matplotlib
Successfully installed cycler-0.11.0 fonttools-4.38.0 kiwisolver-1.4.4 matplotlib-3.5.3
packaging-23.0pyparsing-3.0.9 python-dateutil-2.8.2 six-1.16.0

WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.0.1 is
available. You should consider upgrading via the 'python -mpip install --upgrade pip'
command.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>pip install scikit-image

Collecting scikit-
imageDownloading
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97d3fb2282e34b7a8d7d/scikit_image-0.19.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (12.1MB)

|████████████████████████████████| 12.1MB 2.2MB/sRequirement already

satisfied: numpy>=1.17.0 in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages
(from scikit-image) (1.21.6)
Collecting scipy>=1.4.1 (from scikit-image)

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Downloading
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558bd8531 9239c72ae0c3c/scipy-1.7.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (34.1MB)
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Collecting PyWavelets>=1.1.1 (from scikit-image)
Downloading
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3916f161a 9d72a0d817f8/PyWavelets-1.3.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (4.2MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 4.2MB3.3MB/sRequirement already
satisfied: pillow! = 7.1.0,! =7.1.1,!=8.3.0,>=6.1.0 in
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(from scikit-image) (9.4.0)
Collecting networkx>=2.2 (from scikit-image)
Downloading

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98 fd31b954b6c4bb82fa5/networkx-2.6.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.9MB)
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(from scikit-image)
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05 2dabe8041f23743974f/imageio-2.26.0-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages(from scikit-image) (23.0)

Downloading
Collecting tifffile>=2019.7.26 (from scikit-image)

https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/38/85ae5ed77598ca90558c17a2f79ddab
173b3

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cf8d8f545d34d9134f0d/tifffile-2021.11.2-py3-none-any.whl (178kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 184kB 1.6MB/s Installingcollected
packages: scipy, PyWavelets, networkx, imageio, tifffile, scikit-image Successfully installed
PyWavelets-1.3.0 imageio-2.26.0 networkx-2.6.3 scikit-image-
0.19.3 scipy-1.7.3 tifffile-2021.11.2
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.0.1 is available. You
should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip'command.

cf8d8f545d34d9134f0d/tifffile-2021.11.2-py3-none-any.whl (178kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 184kB 1.6MB/s Installingcollected
packages: scipy, PyWavelets, networkx, imageio, tifffile, scikit-image Successfully installed
PyWavelets-1.3.0 imageio-2.26.0 networkx-2.6.3 scikit-image-
0.19.3 scipy-1.7.3 tifffile-2021.11.2
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.0.1 is available. You
should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip'command.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>pip install scikit-learn

Collecting scikit-learn
Downloading

https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/20/0ffe8665a44bce7616bd33d4368a19
8fecad3b226bcafa 38 c63ef0f6286f/scikit_learn-1.0.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
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Using cached
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21d38ba51e7e544ac7bc66aecc/threadpoolctl-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting joblib>=0.11 (fromscikit-learn)

Using cached
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1459226e140cf846512/joblib-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.14.6 in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages
(from scikit-learn) (1.21.6)

Installing collected packages: threadpoolctl, joblib, scikit-learn

Successfully installed joblib-1.2.0 scikit-learn-1.0.2 threadpoolctl-3.1.0

WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>pip install pandas

Collecting pandas
Using cached
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b2/56/f886ed6f1777ffa9d54c6e80231b69db8a1f52dcc
33f5967b06a105dcfe0/pandas-1.3.5-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Collecting pytz>=2017.3 (from pandas)

Using cached
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2e/09/fbd3c46dce130958ee8e0090f910f1fe39e502cc5b
a0aadca1e8a2b932e5/pytz-2022.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7.3 in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages
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nuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages(from pandas)
(2.8.2) Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.3; platform machine! =
"aarch64" and platformmachine != "arm64" and python_version < "3.10" in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages (from pandas) (1.21.6)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in
c:\users\pavanvarmamudunuri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site
-packages(frompython-dateutil>=2.7.3->pandas) (1.16.0)
Installing collected packages: pytz,
pandas Successfully installed pandas-
1.3.5 pytz-2022.7.1

WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 23.0.1 is
available. You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --
upgrade pip' command.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>

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 CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM TESTING
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6. SYSTEM TESTING
6.1 SYSTEM TESTING
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. There are various types of testing
each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

6.2 TYPES OF TESTS:-

o Unit Testing.
o Integration Testing.
o User Acceptance Testing.
o Output Testing.
o Validation Testing.

1. Unit testing:-
Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of Software design that is the
module. Unit testing exercises specific paths in a module’s control structure to

ensure complete coverage and maximum error detection. This test focuses on each module
individually, ensuring that it functions properly as a unit. Hence, the naming is Unit Testing.

During this testing, each module is tested individually and the module interfaces are verified
for the consistency with design specification. All important processing path are tested for the
expected results. All error handling paths are also tested.

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2. Integration Testing: -
Integration testing addresses the issues associated with the dual problems of verification and
program construction. After the software has been integrated a set of high order tests are
conducted. The main objective in this testing process is to take unit tested modules and
builds a program structure that has been dictated by design.

The following are the types of Integration Testing:

1. Top Down Integration:
This method is an incremental approach to the construction of program structure. Modules
are integrated by moving downward through the control hierarchy, beginning with the main
program module. The module subordinates to the main program module are incorporated
into the structure in either a depth first or breadth first manner.
In this method, the software is tested from main module and individual stubs are replaced
when the test proceeds downwards.

2. Bottom-up Integration :
This method begins the construction and testing with the modules at the lowest level in the
program structure. Since the modules are integrated from the bottom up, processing required
for modules subordinate to a given level is always available and the need for stubs is
eliminated. The bottom up integration strategy may be implemented with the following
steps:

o The low-level modules are combined into clusters into clusters that perfrom a specific
Software sub-function.
o A driver (i.e.) the control program for testing is written to coordinate test case input and
output.
o The cluster is tested.
o Drivers are removed and clusters are combined moving upward in the program structure

The bottom up approaches tests each module individually and then each module is module is
integrated with a main module and tested for functionality.

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3. User Acceptance Testing

User Acceptance of a system is the key factor for the success of any system. The system
under consideration is tested for user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with the
prospective system users at the time of developing and making changes wherever required.
The system developed provides a friendly user interface that can easily be understood even by
a person who is new to the system.
4. Output Testing
After performing the validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed
system, since no system could be useful if it does not produce the required output in the
specified format. Asking the users about the format required by them tests the outputs
generated or displayed by the system under consideration. Hence the output format is
considered in 2 ways – one is on screen and another in printed format.

5. Validation Checking
Validation checks are performed on the following fields.

i. Text Field:
The text field can contain only the number of characters lesser than or equal to its size.
The text fields are alphanumeric in some tables and alphabetic in other tables. Incorrect
entry always flashes and error message.
ii. Numeric Field:
The numeric field can contain only numbers from 0 to 9. An entry of any character flashes
an error messages. The individual modules are checked for accuracy and what it has to
perform. Each module is subjected to test run along with sample data. The individually
tested modules are integrated into a single system. Testing involves executing the real
data information is used in the program the existence of any program defect is inferred from
the output. The testing should be planned so that all the requirements are individually
tested. A successful test is one that gives out the defects for the inappropriate data and
produces and output revealing the errors in the system.

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Preparation of Test Data

Taking various kinds of test data does the above testing. Preparation of test data plays a vital
role in the system testing. After preparing the test data the system under study is tested using
that test data. While testing the system by using test data errors are again uncovered and
corrected by using above testing steps and corrections are also noted for future use.

Using Live Test Data:

Live test data are those that are actually extracted from organization files. After a system is
partially constructed, programmers or analysts often ask users to key in a set of data from
their normal activities. Then, the systems person uses this data as a way to partially test the
system. In other instances, programmers or analysts extract a set of live data from the files
and have them entered themselves.

It is difficult to obtain live data in sufficient amounts to conduct extensive testing. And,
although it is realistic data that will show how the system will perform for the typical
processing requirement, assuming that the live data entered are in fact typical, such data
generally will not test all combinations or formats that can enter the system. This bias toward
typical values then does not provide a true system test and in fact ignores the cases most
likely to cause system failure.

USING ARTIFICIAL TEST DATA:

Artificial test data are created solely for test purposes, since they can be
generated to test all combinat ions o f formats and values. In other words, the
artificial data, which can quickly be prepared by a data generating ut ilit y
program in the information systems department, make possible the test ing of
all login and control paths through the program.
The most effective test programs use artificial test data generated by persons other than those
who wrote the programs. Often, an independent team of testers formulates a testing plan,
using the systems specifications.

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 Currency Detection for Visually impaired people using image processing

The package “Virtual Private Network” has satisfied all the requirements specified
as per software requirement specification and was accepted.

USER TRAINING
Whenever a new system is developed, user training is required to educate them about the
working of the system so that it can be put to efficient use by those for whom the system has
been primarily designed. For this purpose the normal working of the project was demonstrated
to the prospective users. Its working is easily understandable and since the expected users are
people who have good knowledge of computers, the use of this system is very easy.

MAINTAINENCE
This covers a wide range of activities including correcting code and design errors. To reduce
the need for maintenance in the long run, we have more accurately defined the user’s
requirements during the process of system development. Depending on the requirements, this
system has been developed to satisfy the needs to the largest possible extent. With development
in technology, it may be possible to add many more features based on the requirements in
future. The coding and designing is simple and easy to understand which will make
maintenance easier.

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 CHAPTER 7

SAMPLE CODE
Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

7. SAMPLE CODE

from tkinter import *

from PIL import ImageTk, Image
from tkinter import filedialog
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import cv2
import glob
import os,fnmatch
#from skimage.data import coins
#from skimage.morphology import label, remove_small_objects
#from skimage.measure import regionprops, find_contours
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
import pandas as pd
import numpy
from scipy import stats
#from sklearn.grid_search import RandomizedSearchCV
from sklearn.model_selection import RandomizedSearchCV
#from sklearn.grid_search import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.preprocessing import MaxAbsScaler
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from utils import *
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import os
from playsound import playsound
import subprocess
from gtts import gTTS
#from skimage.measure import compare_ssim
import warnings
#from Step1 import *

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
global inputimg
def open_img():
x = openfilename()
global inputimg
inputimg=x
print(inputimg)
f = open("ip.txt", "w")
f.write(os.path.basename(inputimg))
f.close()
img = Image.open(x)
img = img.resize((250, 250), Image.ANTIALIAS)
img.save('ip.png')
img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
#original = load
panel = Label(root, image = img)
panel.image = img
panel.grid(row = 4)
def openfilename():
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(title ='"pen')
#inputimg=filename
global inputimg
inputimg=filename
print(inputimg)
return filename
def pre_process():
filename=inputimg;
print(filename)
img = cv2.imread(filename,0)
ret1,th1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret2,th2 = cv2.threshold(img,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)

blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),0)

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

ret3,th3 = cv2.threshold(blur,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
images = [img, 0, th1,
img, 0, th2,
blur, 0, th3]
titles = ['Original Noisy Image','Histogram','Global Thresholding',
'Original Noisy Image','Histogram',"Otsu's Thresholding",
'Gaussian filtered Image','Histogram',"Otsu's Thresholding"]
for i in range(3):
plt.subplot(3,3,i*3+1),plt.imshow(images[i*3],'gray')
plt.title(titles[i*3]), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(3,3,i*3+2),plt.hist(images[i*3].ravel(),256)
plt.title(titles[i*3+1]), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(3,3,i*3+3),plt.imshow(images[i*3+2],'gray')
plt.title(titles[i*3+2]), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
#################################
ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
titles = ['Original
Image','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images = [img, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5]
for i in range(0,6):
plt.subplot(2,3,i+1),plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

########################################
########################################
########################################
img = cv2.imread(filename)

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

#_,contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img, cv2.RETR_CCOMP,
cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_TC89_KCOS)
contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img, cv2.RETR_CCOMP,
cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_TC89_KCOS)

def find_currency(filename):
import detect
#################################################
def run():
global inputimg
filename = 'ip.png'
find_currency(filename)

#################MAIN#############################
root = Tk()
root.geometry("2000x2000")
root.title("OCR")
root.resizable(width = True, height = True)
inputtxt = Text(root, height = 10,
width = 25,
bg = "light yellow")
btn1 = Button(root, text ='open image', command=lambda : open_img()).grid(row = 1,
columnspan = 4)
btn2 = Button(root, text ='Pre Process', command=lambda :pre_process()).grid(row = 2,
columnspan = 14)
btn3 = Button(root, text ='run', command=lambda :run()).grid(row = 3, columnspan = 24)

root.mainloop()

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 CHAPTER 8

RESULTS & OUTPUTS

Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

8. RESULTS AND OUTPUTS

In the above First we open the project folder it is setuped in a folder and we selecting and
opening the currency recognition visually impaired folder.

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

In the above screen we selecting GUI python code file.

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

The above screen after opening the GUI code file we have to click on run module F5 to
run the python code

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

After run the code while execution process they show or open a window to select currency
image file and it will pre process the selected image

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Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

In the above screen after pre process the selected image and it converts to original
image to binary image

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

In the above screen we click on run and it will open a new window by closing it it
will say selected image voice output

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 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION
 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

CONCLUSION:

A portable and easy access system for image recognition can be implemented using the
technology of cameras and the theory of the digital image processing. one of the main
constraints of the system developed in this paper is the fact that the background of the image
containing the object to identify(i.e. the currency), must be contrasting with that object.
another constraint is that the illumination conditions over the image must be uniform. this
solves a day to day problem which takes place in the life of the visually impaired people.
future works will include modifications of the technique and also merging of other image
processing techniques, such as, neural networks training using edge detection which would
extricate the process from the dependency over standard light intensity and standard distance
between image and camera during image acquisition adding on to the accuracy of the
process.

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 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:

The use of currency detection through image processing technology can greatly enhance the
accessibility of visually impaired individuals, allowing them to confidently and independently
manage their finances. as image processing technology advances, the accuracy of currency
detection will continue to improve, ensuring that visually impaired individuals are able to identify
currency denominations with greater precision. with the increasing ubiquity of smartphones, the
integration of currency detection technology with mobile devices could provide a convenient and
portable solution for visually impaired individuals.currency detection technology could have a
significant impact on visually impaired individuals across the globe, providing a practical and
effective solution to a widespread problem.

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 CHAPTER 10

BIBILIOGRAPHY
 Currency Detection For Visually impaired people using image processing

10. BIBILIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES:

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impairment (who.int) (Accessed on 25 April 2022)
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[9] M. T. Kebede Bahiru M, B. Ramani and M. E. Ayalew Tessfaw , "Ethiopian

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Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems

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