DATE: M.

M- 70 marks
TIME: 3 hours Pre-Board Examination -1
CLASS: XII
SUBJECT: Physics (042) (Theory)
SET- A
NAME: ________________ SECTION: _____________ ROLL NO: __________

General Instructions:
I. Read all the questions carefully.
II. The paper has five sections. Section A, B, C, D and E. Section A contains eighteen MCQs
of 1 mark each. Section B contains seven questions of two marks each, Section C contains five
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study questions of 4 marks each
and Section E contains three long type questions of five marks each. All questions are
compulsory. If you are attempting objective questions then you must write option as well as
full statement against it.
III. Show working, all steps and necessary diagram to justify your answers. There is no
overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in all sections except A.
You must attempt only one of the choices. If OR is written in any question, then you must
solve only one of the choices in such question. You must solve Upper portion of OR of all
parts of questions or lower portion of all parts.
IV. Use of calculator is not allowed. You may use following values
C = 3 x 108 m/s
Me = mass of electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg
e = charge of electron = 1.6 x 10-19 C
μ0 = 4 π x 10-7 T m / A
h=plank constant =¿ 6.63 x 10-34 Js
ε 0 = 8.854 x 10-12 C2/Nm2
Avogadronumber = 6.023 x 1023 per gram mole
1
= 9 x 109
4 π ε0
μ0
= 10-7
4π
Section A
1. In an unbiased p-n junction, holes diffuse from the p region to the n region because 1
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 a) Free electrons in the n region attract them
b) They move across the junction due to potential difference
c) Hole concentration in the p region is more as compared to n region
d) All the above
2. The typical ionisation energy of a donor in silicon is 1
a) 10.0 eV
b) 1.0 eV
c) 0.001 eV
d) 0.1 eV
3. Which of the following is non-central forces? 1
a) Electrostatic force
b) Gravitational force
c) Coulomb force
d) Nuclear force
4. The existence of positively charged nucleus in an atom was first practically established by 1
a) Alpha ray scattering experiment
b) Positive ray analysis
c) Thomson model of an atom
d) Daviss ion and Germer experiment
5. Photoelectrons are emitted by a metal surface only when 1
a) Frequency of the incident light exceeds a certain minimum value
b) Light is incident at an angle greater than critical angle
c) Wavelength of the incident light exceeds a certain minimum value
d) Metal is initially charged
6. A diffraction pattern is obtained by using a beam of red light. What will happen if the red 1
light is replaced by the blue light:
a) Fringe width will decrease
b) Fringe width will increase
c) Fringes will disappear
d) There is no change in fringe width
7. An AC voltage source of variable angular frequency ω and fixed amplitude voltage Vo is 1
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 connected in series with capacitance C and an electric bulb resistance R (inductance zero).
When ω is increased
a) The bulb glows dimmer
b) The bulb glows brighter
c) Total impedance of the circuit remains unchanged
d) Total impedance of the circuit increases
8. The SI unit of the inductance is Henry. It can also be written as 1
a) Wb / Ampere
b) Volt-second/ ampere
c) Joule / (ampere)2
d) All of these
9. Due to relative motion of a magnet with respect to a coil, an emf is induced in the coil, 1
identify the principle involved
a) Ampere circuital law
b) Faraday’s law
c) Gauss law
d) Biot-Savart law
10. (1) Two ions (charged) have equal masses but one is singly ionized and the other is doubly 1
ionised. They are projected from the same place in a uniform magnetic field with the same
velocity perpendicular to the field. Then
a) Two circles touch each other (move along same circular path)
b) Two circles do not touch each
c) The circle described by the singly-ionised charge will have a radius double that of
the other circle
d) Both the ions will go along circles of equal radii
OR
(2) An electron current runs counter clock-wise in a rectangular loop around the outside
edge of this page, which lies flat on your table. A uniform magnetic field is then turned on,
directed parallel to the page from top to bottom, the magnetic force on the page will cause
a) the bottom edge to lift
b) the top edge to lift
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 c) the left edge to lift
d) the right edge to lift
11. The relaxation time in conductors 1
(a) increases with the increases of temperature
(b) decreases with the increases of temperature
(c) it does not depend on temperature
(d) all sudden changes at 400 K
12. The electrostatic force between the metal plates of an isolated parallel plates capacitor C 1
having a charge Q and area A is
a) Proportional to the square root of the distance between the plates
b) Linearly proportional to the distance between the plates
c) Independent of the distance between the plates
d) Inversely proportional to the distance between the plates
Assertion & Reasoning Questions
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason(R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true and R is false
(d) A is false and R is true
13. Assertion: When charged capacitors are connected in parallel, the algebraic sum of 1
charges remains constant but there is loss of energy.
Reasoning: During sharing of charges, the energy conservation does not hold.
14. Assertion: To observe diffraction of light, the size of an obstacle/aperture should be in 1
centimetre.
Reasoning: 10-7 metre is the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the visible light.
15. Assertion: On increasing the frequency of light, the photocurrent remains unchanged. 1
Reason: Photocurrent is independent of frequency but depends only on intensity of incident
light.
16. Assertion: Forces acting between proton-proton (FPP), proton and neutron (FPN) and 1
neutron-neutron (FNN) are such that FPP < FPN = FNN.
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 Reason: Electrostatic force of repulsion between two protons reduces net nuclear forces
between them.
Section B
17. The graph of potential barrier versus width of depletion region for an unbiased diode is 2
shown in A. In comparison to A, graphs B and C are obtained after biasing the diode in
different ways. Identify the type of biasing in B and C and justify your answer. ( Y axis –
Voltage and in X axis depletion region)

OR
(a) Draw V-I characteristics curve of p-n junction diode.
(b) Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical voltage during
reverse biased?
18. (a) Write two characteristics features of nuclear forces which distinguish it from Coulomb 2
force?
(b) The nuclear radius of 1327 Al is 3.6 fm. Find the nuclear radius of 2964 Cu .
OR
(a) Group of following six nuclides, which have smallest radius and largest radius.
Justify your answer.
(b) Explain the density of nuclear mater is independent of the size of the nucleus.
19. What changes in the interference pattern (fringe width) is observed in Young’s double slit 2
experiment will be observed when
(a) Light of smaller frequency is used?
(b) The whole apparatus is immersed in water and same frequency of light is used?
OR
What is the effect on the interference fringes in a Young’s double slit experiment due to
each of the following operations?
(a) The separation between the two slits is increased.
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 (b) The monochromatic source of light is replaced by white light
20. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of 2
curvature 20 cm. They are kept 15 cm apart. A point object is placed 40 cm in front of
convex lens. Find the position of the image formed by the combination (final image formed
finally by both lens and mirror)
OR
A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5 cm. The apparent depth of a needle lying at
the bottom of the tank is measured by microscope to be 9.4 cm. What is the refractive index
of the water. If water is replaced by a liquid of refractive index 1.63 up to same height, by
what distance would the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again.
21. An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for distant objects. 2
The separation between the objective and an eye piece is 36 cm. It is given final image
formed at infinity. Calculate the foal length of objective and eye piece.
OR
Draw ray diagram of image formed by a compound microscope of an object placed near to
objective lens and final image formed at least distance of distinct vision D with pencil and
scale.
Section C ( 3 Marks each)
22. Find the current I1, I2 and I3 through the three resistors as shown in the figure: 3

23. A cube of side 20 cm is kept in a region as shown in the figure. An electric field ⃗
E exist in 3
the region such that the potential at a point is given by V = 10 x + 5, where V is in volt and
x is in metre.

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 This Photo by Unknown
Find the (a) electric field (b) total Author flux
electric is licensed
through the cube.
under CC BY
OR
Two capacitors of capacitance 10 μF and 20 μF are connected in series with 6 V battery.
After the capacitors are fully charged, a slab of dielectric constant (K) is inserted between
the plates of the two capacitors(both). How will the following be affected after the slab is
introduced
(a) The electric field stored in the capacitors
(b) The charges on the two capacitors
(c) The potential difference between the plates of the two capacitors?
24. (a) State the condition under which a charged particle moving with velocity v goes 3
undeflected in a magnetic field B when Electric field is also present in that region. What is
the name of the force given when charged particle experiences during presence of Electric
field and magnetic field.
(b) An electron after being accelerated through a potential difference of 104 V, enters a
uniform magnetic field of 0.04 T, perpendicular to its direction of motion. Calculate the
radius of curvature of its trajectory.
25. (a) Using Biot-Savart law, derive an expression for magnetic field at any point on Axial line 3
of current carrying circular loop. Hence also find the magnitude of the magnetic field at the
centre of circular loop.
OR
Derive an expression for torque acting on a rectangular current loop kept in a uniform
magnetic field B. Indicate the direction of torque acting on the loop.
26. Draw the labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Describe briefly its principle 3
and working. Prove that in a radial magnetic field, the deflection of the coil is directly
proportional to the current
OR
With the help of a circuit, show how a moving coil galvanometer can be converted into a
(a) ammeter (b) Voltameter. Write its necessary mathematical formula.
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27. A long solenoid of radius r consist of n turns per unit length. A current I = Io sin ω t flows in 3
the solenoid. A coil of N turns is wound tightly round near its centre. What is
(a) The induced emf in the coil
(b) The mutual inductance between the solenoid and the coil.
OR
(a) Derive an expression for self-inductance of a long-air-cooled solenoid of length l,
cross-sectional area A and having number of turns N.
(b) Plot a graph showing variation magnetic potential energy versus the current.
28. (a) Explain the term inductive reactance. Show graphically the variation of inductive 3
reactance with frequency of the applied alternating voltage.
(b) An ac voltage V = Vo sin ωt is applied across pure capacitor. Find the expression for
the current I flowing in the circuit and show mathematically that voltage lags the current by
π
a phase angle of .
2
OR
A voltage V= Vo sin ωt is applied to series L-C-R circuit derives a current I= Io sin ( ωt + φ
). Deduce an expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle. Under what
condition no power is dissipated even though the current flows through the circuit. What
this current is called?
29. Interference of light 4
Interference of visible light is not easy to observe because of short wavelength (400 nm –
800 nm) To maintain a stable interference pattern individual waves must maintain a
constant phase relationship with one another. Light waves whose phase difference is either
zero or constant phase difference are known as Coherent Sources. Such coherent light
sources can be obtained by illuminating a screen containing two narrow slits by
monochromatic light source. Constructive interference (p = n λ ) produces a bright band.
Destructive interference { p = (n + ½ ¿ λ } produces a complete dark band if the amplitudes
Dλ
of the two waves are equal. Young’s formula for bright band separation is β= where d
d
is the slit separation and D is relatively large distance of the bands from the slits.

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 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Now answer these questions:
1. In YDSE experiment red light of wavelength 6000 Angstrom is used and the nth
bright fringe is obtained at a point P on the screen. Keeping the same setting, the
source is replaced by green light of 5000 Angstrom and now (n+1)th bright fringe is
obtained at the point P. The value of n is
a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8

2. In YDSE experiment, the width of the fringes with light of wavelength 6000
Angstrom is 2 mm. The fringe width if the entire apparatus is immersed in liquid
medium of refractive index 1.33 or 4/3 is
a) 6.0 mm (b) 4.5 mm (c) 3.0 mm (d) 1.5 mm

3. In Young double slit experiment, the slits are 0.2 mm apart and screen 150 cm
away. It is observed that the distance between the central bright fringe and the
fourth dark fringe is 1.8 cm. Find the wavelength of the light use (in Angstrom)
a) 6860 (b) 7995 (c) 4848 (d) 5486

4. In YDSE experiment, it is illuminated by light of 6000 Angstrom. The slit is 10 mm

apart and screen is 100 cm away. The separation of the adjacent minima
a) 0.2 mm (b) 0.4 mm (c) 0.6 mm (d) 0.80mm

30. Internal Resistance of a Cell 4

Any source of emf has some internal resistance itself, called internal or source resistance.
When we connect the terminals of the cell, a current flows in the wire from positive terminal
of the cell, the positive ions flow from higher to lower potential or negative ions from lower
to higher potential against the background of the other ions and neutral atoms of the
electrolyte. So the electrolyte offers some resistance to the flow of current inside the cell.
The resistance offered by the electrolyte to the flow of current between its electrodes is
called internal resistance of the cell. It depends on the nature and concentration of the
electrolyte, separation and common area of the electrodes dipped in the electrolyte and

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temperature of the electrolyte. Internal resistance causes energy loss which occurs inside a
battery when a current is driven round an external circuit. The greater the current, the
greater is the energy loss and the small is the terminal potential difference of the battery.
The internal resistance of a battery increases with the age and so reduces the current it can
drive. The knowledge of the internal resistance becomes important when we consider how a
source of emf can deliver maximum power to an appliance connect to it. According to the
maximum power theorem this occurs when the internal resistance to the source equals to
resistance of the appliance.

This Photo by Unknown Author is

licensed under CC BY-SA
Now answer these questions:
1. The internal resistance of a cell
a) Always act in the cell in open circuit
b) Acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the emf
c) Acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the current
d) Internal resistance does not depend in all above these statements
2. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance of 3 Ω is connected to a resistor of 3 Ω
is connected to a resistor. The current in the circuit is 0.5 A. The terminal voltage of
the battery when the circuit is closed is
a) 10 V
b) Zero
c) 1.5 V
d) 8.5 V
3. A cell of emf ξ and internal resistance r is connected across an external resistance
R. The graph showing the variation of potential difference across R versus R will be
……….. (plot the graph by yourself)

10
 4. A battery of 16 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to an external resistance
R. The value of current so that the power in the circuit is maximum will be
a) 8 A
b) 2 A
c) 16 A
d) 4 A
Section E ( 5 Marks each)
31. A. (a) A parallel beam of monochromatic light falls normally on a narrow slit and the light, 5
coming out of the slit, is obtained on a screen, kept behind parallel to the slit plane as we
see in single slit experiment.
(1) What kind of pattern do we observe on the screen? Justify yourself by plotting the
graph.
(2) Derive the formula (i) angular width (ii) Distance from the nth maxima and nth minima.
(3) State two points of difference between this pattern observed in above (1) and Young
double slit experiment.
(b) (1) A 0.02 cm wide slit is illuminated at normal incidence by light of wavelength 6000
Anstrom. Find the width of central maxima band on the screen placed 180 cm away.
(2) If the same system dipped in water of refractive index of 4/3, what will change in the
width of central maxima?
OR
B. (a) Draw the course of rays in an astronomical telescope when final image is formed at
the least distance d.
(b) Derive an expression for the magnification when final image is formed at least distance
d. Also write what will be the length of telescope.
(c) An astronomer wishes to estimate roughly the size of sun using his crude telescope
consisting of an objective lens of focal length 200 cm and eye piece of focal length 10 cm.
By adjusting the distance of the eyepiece from the objective, he obtains an image of the sun
on a screen 40 cm behind the eyepiece. The diameter of the sun’s image is measured to be 6
cm. What is the estimate of the sun’s size given that the average earth-sun distance is 1.5 x
1011 m.
32. A. 1. (a) State Bohr’s postulates of the atomic model. 5
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 (b) Obtain the expression for radii of permitted orbits where electron can revolve
(c) Draw the energy level diagram of different stationary states of hydrogen atom.
2. Calculate the frequency of the photon which can excite the electron from – 3.4 eV from -
13.6 eV.
OR
B. 1. (a) Why is an intrinsic semiconductor deliberately converted into an extrinsic
semiconductor by adding impurities atoms. When it will be p type or n type?
(b) With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the formation of depletion region and
potential barrier in a p-n junction. How does the width changes when the junction is (i)
forward biased (ii) reverse biased.
2. Draw the circuit diagram of full wave rectifier.
33. A. (a) Explain with the help of a diagram the principle, working and diagram of step-down 5
transformer.
(b) Briefly discuss the loss of energy in it if it is not ideal transformer. How would you
reduce the loss of such transformer?
(c) the primary of a transformer has 400 turns and the secondary has 5000 turns. If the
power output from the secondary at 1200 V is 20 kW, calculate (1) current in the secondary
(2) voltage across primary. If the DC voltage of 200 V is passed in the primary circuit, then
what will voltage across secondary circuit?
OR
B. (a) Draw a graph showing the variation of the photelectric current with the collector
plate potential for two different frequencies ϑ 1 ∧ϑ 2.
(b) Write Einstein photoelectric equation. Explain two features of phot-electric equation
which cannot be explained by wave theory of light.
(c) When a light of frequency 2.4 x 1015 Hz falls on a photosensitive surface, the retarding
potential needed to completely stop the emitted photoelectron, is found to be 6.8 V. What is
the work function (in eV) of the given photosensitive material.

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