SCHOOL OF COMMERCE

PSYCHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
PREPARED BY YARED BERHANU

BAIS Section 5

BEE/6614/16

Address to Mr. Elias Kasssa

Submission date for Dec 02,2024

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Nature and Definition of Life skills --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-2

Goals of Life Skills ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 -

Components of Life Skills ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 -

examples of life skills ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 - 17

Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 - 18

Reference --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II

2
Nature and Definition of Life skills

Life skills are “abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and
challenges of everyday life.” (WHO)

.It is also defined as “behavioral changes or behavioral development approach designed to address a balance of three areas:
knowledge attitude and skills” (UNICEF).

Life skills are tools at our hands that help us prevent, improve, and manage mind and behavior for effective psychological
functioning.

Life skills are essentially those abilities that help to promote mental well-being and competence in young people as they
face the realities of life.

Hence, students who are able to understand and use these skills, along with their educational qualifications, will be better
placed to take advantage of educational & employment opportunities

Goals of Life Skills

#:- Knowing and applying life skills is to lead smooth and successful life at home, work place, and in social interpersonal
relationship.

#:- Lessened violent behavior;

#:- Increased pro-social behavior

#:-Decreased negative, self-destructive behavior;

#:- Increased the ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems;

#:- Improved self-image, self-awareness, social and emotional adjustment;

#:- Increased acquisition of knowledge;

#:- Improved classroom behavior;

#:- Gains in self control and handling of interpersonal problems and coping with anxiety; and

#:- Improved constructive conflict resolution with peers, impulse control and popularity.

Components of Life Skills

3
1. Critical thinking

2. Self- confidence

3. Self-awareness

4. Self- esteem

5. Decision making

6. Interpersonal relationship

7. Reflective communication

8. Peer resistance

9. Knowing rights and duties

10. Problem solving

11. Stress management

1. Critical thinking

• It refers to thinking more effectively with in curricular subject areas, understanding the

reasoning employed, assessing independently and appropriately, and solving problems effectively.

• hinking more effectively within curricular subject areas, understanding the reasoning employed, assessing independently and
appropriately, and solving problems

effectively. It involves, as well, improved thinking skills in dealing with real life problemsin assessing information and arguments
in social contexts and making life decision

2:-Self-confidence

#:- is the degree to which one can rely on his/ her ability to perform certain behavior alone or public It is individual‘s trust in his
or her

own abilities, capacities, and judgments, or belief that he or she can successfully face day-to-day challenges and demands
(Psychology Dictionary Online)

4
 3:- Self-esteem

#: It is the degree to which we perceive ourselves positively or negatively; our overall attitude toward ourselves, which can be
measured explicitly or implicitly.

#:- It involves the degree to which the qualities and characteristics contained in one’s self-concept are perceived to be
positive. It reflects a person’s physical self-image, view of his or her accomplishments and capabilities, and values and perceived
success in living up to them, as well as the ways in which others view and respond to that person.

#:-The more positive the cumulative perception of these qualities and characteristics, the higher one’s self-esteem.

#:- A reasonably high degree of self-esteem is considered an important ingredient of mental health, whereas low self-
esteem and feelings of worthlessness are common depressive symptoms.

4:- Self-awareness

It is self-focused attention or knowledge.

It is the knowledge and understanding of one‘s strengthens and weaknesses. Self-awareness involves monitoring our inner
worlds, thoughts, emotions, and beliefs.

It is important, because it is a major mechanism influencing personal development

5:- . Interpersonal relationships

#:-It is the relationships a person have with others persons.They are social associations,

connections, or affiliations between two or more people having various levels of intimacy and

sharing, and implying the discovery or establishment of common ground.

#• It involves developing & nurturing supportive networks; ending relationships constructively;

and helping individuals to relate with people in positive ways.

6:- Problem solving

5
#:- Refers to the process of identifying a discrepancy between an actual and desired state of

affairs, difficulties, obstacles and complex issues and then taking action to resolve the

deficiency or take advantage of the opportunity.

#:- It is the process by which individuals attempt to overcome difficulties, achieve plans that move them from a starting
situation to a desired goal, or reachconclusions through the

use of higher mental functions

7. Reflective communication

It is attending communications with thoughtful and due attention to reflect on one‘s own thinking, behaviors and interaction
with others.

It requires expressing ourselves verbally & nonverbally; our opinions, desires, needs & fears; and advice and help.

8 :- Decision-making

#:-It is a processes involved in combining and integrating available information to choose,

implement and evaluate one out of several possible courses of actions.

#:- Responsible Decision Making refers making decision after examining the choices

& consequences in view of one’s values and goals

9. Knowing rights and duties

#:-It refers to one‘s knowledge and understanding of rights and duties of individuals, groups,

institutions and nations allowed to do or not to do by law and/or a culture.

10:- Peer pressure resistance

6
Indicates individual‘s abilities and skills to confront negative influences from his/her group members.

Take Pleasure & Pride in saying NO when one wants to say “no

What are examples of life skills?

#:-Life skills refer to the skills necessary to help you manage everyday activities, with some examples of life skills including
problem-solving, communication or resilience. Mastering these skills can help improve many areas of your life, including your
relationships and career progression. The life skills you need can change depending on your culture, background and age. Life
skills can also refer to interpersonal, cognitive or behavioural skills to help you succeed in life. Developing these skills can allow
you to handle challenges more effectively, from interacting with others to processing and managing your emotions. They
typically fall into three broad areas:

Emotional skills:-

#:- The ability to manage your feelings effectively and know who you are.

Thinking skills:

#:-Thinking of solutions to a problem or developing new solutions creatively.

Social skills:

#:- Learning to communicate effectively interact with others and develop healthy relationships.

Summary of Life Skills

Life skills are essential abilities that enable individuals to handle the challenges and demands of everyday life. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO) life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that help individuals deal effectively
with life's demands. UNICEF also highlights the importance of life skills in balancing knowledge attitude and behavioral

7
development. These skills foster mental well-being self-competence and help individuals navigate social educational and
professional environments.

The primary goals of life skills are to ensure a smooth, successful life at home, in the workplace and in interpersonal
relationships. Key outcomes of life skills include reduced violent behavior increased pro-social actions enhanced problem
solving abilities improved self awareness and better conflict resolution skills. Life skills also contribute to better emotional and
social adjustment higher self-esteem and better classroom behavior.

Components of Life Skills include:

Critical Thinking: The ability to think effectively and solve problems by assessing information, reasoning, and making informed
decisions.

Self-Confidence: Belief in one’s ability to face challenges and perform tasks successfully.

Self-Esteem: The positive or negative perception of oneself influencing mental health and emotional well-being.

Self-Awareness: Knowledge of one’s strengths weaknesses emotions, and thoughts.

Interpersonal Relationships: The ability to build and maintain positive relationships with others.

Problem-Solving: The process of identifying issues and taking action to resolve them or achieve goals.

Reflective Communication: Thoughtful communication both verbal and nonverbal, expressing needs desires and emotions.

Decision-Making: The ability to make informed choices by evaluating options and consequences.

Knowing Rights and Duties: Understanding legal and cultural rights and responsibilities.

Peer Pressure Resistance: The ability to resist negative influences from peers.

Stress Management: The ability to cope with stress in healthy ways.

Life skills can be categorized into three broad areas: emotional skills, such as managing feelings and self-awareness; thinking
skills, like problem-solving and decision-making; and social skills, which focus on communication and building relationships.

Examples of life skills include resilience, effective communication, time management, and conflict resolution. Mastering these
skills helps individuals lead balanced, successful lives, improve relationships, and manage both personal and professional
challenges effectively.

8
 Reference

#Rachel Taylor, Lynsey Gozna · 2010

#Judith Roberts · 2022

# FEDRE MOE Psychology( psyc1011)

# American psyc. Com