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Chapter 16 - Probability Class 10 Maths

Probability is a mathematical field that assesses the likelihood of various outcomes, essential in predicting events across multiple domains. It includes concepts such as sample space, events, and types of events, with theoretical and experimental probability methods for calculation. The document provides examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts and their real-world applications.

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Akshat Shankar
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47 views4 pages

Chapter 16 - Probability Class 10 Maths

Probability is a mathematical field that assesses the likelihood of various outcomes, essential in predicting events across multiple domains. It includes concepts such as sample space, events, and types of events, with theoretical and experimental probability methods for calculation. The document provides examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts and their real-world applications.

Uploaded by

Akshat Shankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭Chapter 16 - Probability‬

‭ EY NOTE: Run This Through ChatGpt and ask it ‬


K
‭to show this on chat. ‬

‭16.1 Introduction‬
‭ robability is the branch of mathematics that deals with the likelihood or chance of different outcomes. It‬
P
‭plays a crucial role in predicting events in fields such as science, finance, and daily life.‬

‭16.2 Basic Concepts‬


‭‬
● ‭ xperiment:‬‭A procedure that yields one or more possible outcomes.‬
E
‭●‬ ‭Sample Space (S):‬‭The set of all possible outcomes.‬
‭●‬ ‭Event (E):‬‭A subset of the sample space.‬
‭●‬ ‭Probability of an Event:‬‭P(E)=Number of favorable outcomesTotal number of possible‬
‭outcomesP(E) = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of possible‬
‭outcomes}}‬

‭Example:‬‭Find the probability of rolling a 4 on a fair die.‬

‭P(4)=16 P(4) = \frac{1}{6}‬

‭16.3 Types of Events‬


‭ .‬ C
1 ‭ ertain Event:‬‭Probability = 1 (The event will definitely happen).‬
‭2.‬ ‭Impossible Event:‬‭Probability = 0 (The event will not happen).‬
‭3.‬ ‭Complementary Events:‬

‭P(E′)=1−P(E)P(E') = 1 - P(E)‬

‭4.‬ ‭Equally Likely Events:‬‭Events that have the same probability of occurring.‬

‭Example:‬‭What is the probability of not rolling a 6 on a fair die?‬

‭P(Not 6)=1−16=56 P(\text{Not 6}) = 1 - \frac{1}{6} = \frac{5}{6}‬


‭16.4 Theoretical Probability‬
‭Theoretical probability is calculated by reasoning about the possible outcomes.‬

‭Example:‬‭Find the probability of drawing a red card from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.‬

‭P(Red card)=2652=12 P(\text{Red card}) = \frac{26}{52} = \frac{1}{2}‬

‭16.5 Experimental Probability‬


‭Experimental probability is based on the actual results of an experiment.‬

‭ (E)=Number of times event occursTotal number of trials P(E) = \frac{\text{Number of times event‬
P
‭occurs}}{\text{Total number of trials}}‬

‭ xample:‬‭A coin is tossed 100 times, and heads appear 48 times. Find the experimental probability of‬
E
‭getting heads.‬

‭P(Heads)=48100=0.48 P(\text{Heads}) = \frac{48}{100} = 0.48‬

‭16.6 Exercise 16.1 Solutions‬


‭1.‬ ‭A bag contains 5 red, 4 blue, and 6 green balls. Find the probability of drawing a blue ball.‬

‭P(Blue)=415 P(\text{Blue}) = \frac{4}{15}‬

‭2.‬ ‭A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of drawing an ace.‬

‭P(Ace)=452=113 P(\text{Ace}) = \frac{4}{52} = \frac{1}{13}‬

‭3.‬ ‭Two coins are tossed. Find the probability of getting at least one head.‬

‭ ={HH,HT,TH,TT}, P(at least one head)=34 S = \{HH, HT, TH, TT\}, \; P(\text{at least one head}) =‬
S
‭\frac{3}{4}‬

‭Summary‬
‭‬ P
● ‭ robability measures the likelihood of an event occurring, ranging from 0 to 1.‬
‭●‬ ‭Theoretical probability is calculated by analyzing all possible outcomes, while experimental‬
‭probability is based on data from experiments.‬
‭●‬ P
‭ robability has applications in various real-world scenarios, including games, predictions, and‬
‭risk assessment.‬

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